Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Visualizing molecular weights differences in supramolecular polymers [Chemistry]
Issues of molecular weight determination have been central to the development of supramolecular polymer chemistry. Whereas relationships between concentration and optical features are established for well-behaved absorptive and emissive species, for most supramolecular polymeric systems no simple correlation exists between optical performance and number-average molecular weight (Mn). As such, the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Qingyun Li, Hanwei Zhang, Kai Lou, Yabi Yang, Xiaofan Ji, Jintao Zhu, Jonathan L. Sessler Tags: Chemistry Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Reply to Bretscher: Structures for directing mass attention [Social Sciences]
Bretscher’s letter in PNAS (1) argues that structures for diversifying the types of research that are feasible could be sufficient to jolt fields free of ossified canon. In particular, he proposes creating a grant track with panels composed of experts in neighboring fields alongside the existing funding process with in-field... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Johan S. G. Chu Tags: Letters, Social Sciences Source Type: research

Information overload and resilience in facing foundational issues [Social Sciences]
The recent paper in PNAS by Chu and Evans (1), “Slowed canonical progress in large fields of science,” questions the maxim “more is better” when investing in science. They conclude the consequential increased production of new information is detrimental. Investigators increasingly rely on a few frameworks. Ideas challenging these frameworks... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Peter Bretscher Tags: Letters, Social Sciences Source Type: research

Cheap robust learning of data anomalies with analytically solvable entropic outlier sparsification [Applied Mathematics]
Entropic outlier sparsification (EOS) is proposed as a cheap and robust computational strategy for learning in the presence of data anomalies and outliers. EOS dwells on the derived analytic solution of the (weighted) expected loss minimization problem subject to Shannon entropy regularization. An identified closed-form solution is proven to impose... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Illia Horenko Tags: Applied Mathematics, Brief Reports Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Abolishing the prelamin A ZMPSTE24 cleavage site leads to progeroid phenotypes with near-normal longevity in mice [Cell Biology]
Prelamin A is a farnesylated precursor of lamin A, a nuclear lamina protein. Accumulation of the farnesylated prelamin A variant progerin, with an internal deletion including its processing site, causes Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. Loss-of-function mutations in ZMPSTE24, which encodes the prelamin A processing enzyme, lead to accumulation of full-length farnesylated... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Yuexia Wang, Khurts Shilagardi, Trunee Hsu, Kamsi O. Odinammadu, Takamitsu Maruyama, Wei Wu, Chyuan-Sheng Lin, Christopher B. Damoci, Eric D. Spear, Ji-Yeon Shin, Wei Hsu, Susan Michaelis, Howard J. Worman Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Reply to Wilson et al.: Feedbacks between geomorphology and fauna engineers are key to predicting coastal response to rising seas [Biological Sciences]
In their letter to the editor, Wilson et al. (1) highlight their historical work demonstrating that the burrowing and grazing activities of Sesarma reticulatum at tidal creekheads helps drive erosion and headward elongation of creeks in US Atlantic salt marshes. Combined with our previous work mechanistically linking sea level rise,... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Sinead M. Crotty, Thomas Bianchi, Andrew Altieri, Christine Angelini Tags: Ecology, Letters Source Type: research

In vivo real-time imaging reveals megalin as the aminoglycoside gentamicin transporter into cochlea whose inhibition is otoprotective [Medical Sciences]
Aminoglycosides (AGs) are commonly used antibiotics that cause deafness through the irreversible loss of cochlear sensory hair cells (HCs). How AGs enter the cochlea and then target HCs remains unresolved. Here, we performed time-lapse multicellular imaging of cochlea in live adult hearing mice via a chemo-mechanical cochleostomy. The in vivo... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jinkyung Kim, Anthony J. Ricci Tags: Medical Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Conformational alterations in unidirectional ion transport of a light-driven chloride pump revealed using X-ray free electron lasers [Biochemistry]
Light-driven chloride-pumping rhodopsins actively transport anions, including various halide ions, across cell membranes. Recent studies using time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX) have uncovered the structural changes and ion transfer mechanisms in light-driven cation-pumping rhodopsins. However, the mechanism by which the conformational changes pump an anion to achieve unidirectional ion transport,... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Toshiaki Hosaka, Takashi Nomura, Minoru Kubo, Takanori Nakane, Luo Fangjia, Shun-ichi Sekine, Takuhiro Ito, Kazutaka Murayama, Kentaro Ihara, Haruhiko Ehara, Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Kazushige Katsura, Ryogo Akasaka, Tamao Hisano, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Rie Tanaka, Tags: Biochemistry Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Dephosphorylation accelerates the dissociation of ZAP70 from the T cell receptor [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Protein–protein binding domains are critical in signaling networks. Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are binding domains that interact with sequences containing phosphorylated tyrosines. A subset of SH2 domain–containing proteins has tandem domains, which are thought to enhance binding affinity and specificity. However, a trade-off exists between long-lived binding and the... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jesse Goyette, David Depoil, Zhengmin Yang, Samuel A. Isaacson, Jun Allard, P. Anton van der Merwe, Katharina Gaus, Michael L. Dustin, Omer Dushek Tags: Immunology and Inflammation Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Visual pigment-deficient cones survive and mediate visual signaling despite the lack of outer segments [Neuroscience]
In this study, we adopted a loss-of-function... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Hui Xu, Nange Jin, Jen-Zen Chuang, Zhao Zhang, Xiaoyue Zhong, Zhijing Zhang, Ching-Hwa Sung, Christophe P. Ribelayga, Yingbin Fu Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

In operando visualization of redox flow battery in membrane-free microfluidic platform [Engineering]
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attractive large-scale energy storage techniques, achieving remarkable progress in performance enhancement for the last decades. Nevertheless, an in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism still remains challenging due to its unique operation mechanism, where electrochemistry and hydrodynamics simultaneously govern battery performance. Thus, to elucidate the precise... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Hyungjoo Park, Giyun Kwon, Hyomin Lee, Kyunam Lee, Soo Young Park, Ji Eon Kwon, Kisuk Kang, Sung Jae Kim Tags: Engineering Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Intranuclear HSV-1 DNA ejection induces major mechanical transformations suggesting mechanoprotection of nucleus integrity [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Maintaining nuclear integrity is essential to cell survival when exposed to mechanical stress. Herpesviruses, like most DNA and some RNA viruses, put strain on the nuclear envelope as hundreds of viral DNA genomes replicate and viral capsids assemble. It remained unknown, however, how nuclear mechanics is affected at the initial... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Alex Evilevitch, Sophia V. Hohlbauch Tags: Biophysics and Computational Biology Physical Sciences Source Type: research

Causal relationships among sea level rise, marsh crab activity, and salt marsh geomorphology [Biological Sciences]
Salt marshes and other coastal wetlands are responding rapidly to climate change and sea level rise (SLR). Although these systems are exhibiting the same broad morphology and ecology, their responses to SLR are varied and heterogeneous. It is vital that we understand what drives these responses in order to improve... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Carol A. Wilson, Zoe J. Hughes, Duncan M. FitzGerald Tags: Ecology, Letters Source Type: research

A DNA repair-independent role for alkyladenine DNA glycosylase in alkylation-induced unfolded protein response [Cell Biology]
Alkylating agents damage DNA and proteins and are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. While cellular responses to alkylation-induced DNA damage have been explored, knowledge of how alkylation affects global cellular stress responses is sparse. Here, we examined the effects of the alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) on gene expression in... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Larissa Milano, Clara F. Charlier, Rafaela Andreguetti, Thomas Cox, Eleanor Healing, Marcos P. Thome, Ruan M. Elliott, Leona D. Samson, Jean–Yves Masson, Guido Lenz, Joao Antonio P. Henriques, Axel Nohturfft, Lisiane B. Meira Tags: Cell Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Highly multiplex PCR assays by coupling the 5'-flap endonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase and molecular beacon reporters [Medical Sciences]
Real-time PCR is the most utilized nucleic acid testing tool in clinical settings. However, the number of targets detectable per reaction are restricted by current modes. Here, we describe a single-step, multiplex approach capable of detecting dozens of targets per reaction in a real-time PCR thermal cycler. The approach, termed... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 23, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Qiuying Huang, Dongmei Chen, Chen Du, Qiaoqiao Liu, Su Lin, Lanlan Liang, Ye Xu, Yiqun Liao, Qingge Li Tags: Medical Sciences Biological Sciences Source Type: research