Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

CSF Findings in Acute NMDAR and LGI1 Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis
Discussion NMDAR-E and LGI-E differ in their typical extent of CSF inflammation. In addition, the patterns formed by the different inflammatory CSF parameters and their relationship with disease severity, age, and disease duration are subtype-characteristic. Moreover, signs for multiple sclerosis-like chronic inflammation are present in a subgroup of patients with NMDAR-E. These CSF patterns might be markers for the different immunopathogeneses of LGI1-E and NMDAR-E. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Dürr, M., Nissen, G., Sühs, K.-W., Schwenkenbecher, P., Geis, C., Ringelstein, M., Hartung, H.-P., Friese, M. A., Kaufmann, M., Malter, M. P., Madlener, M., Thaler, F. S., Kümpfel, T., Senel, M., Häusler, M. G., Schneider, Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Encephalitis Article Source Type: research

Evaluation of Age-Dependent Immune Signatures in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Discussion Our data illustrate that aging in MS is associated with a dysbalance between costimulatory and immunoregulatory signals provided by CD8 T cells favoring a proinflammatory phenotype and, more importantly, a pattern of premature immune aging in the CD8 T-cell compartment of young patients with MS with potential implications for disease severity. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Eschborn, M., Pawlitzki, M., Wirth, T., Nelke, C., Pfeuffer, S., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, A., Lohmann, L., Rolfes, L., Pape, K., Eveslage, M., Bittner, S., Gross, C. C., Ruck, T., Wiendl, H., Meuth, S. G., Klotz, L. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

New BBB Model Reveals That IL-6 Blockade Suppressed the BBB Disorder, Preventing Onset of NMOSD
Discussion These results suggest that (1) our triple-cultured in vitro and in ex vivo BBB models are ideal for evaluating barrier function, leukocyte transmigration, and intracerebral transferability; (2) NMO-IgG increased the intracerebral transferability of NMO-IgG via decreasing barrier function and induced secretion of IL-6 from astrocytes causing more dysfunction of the barrier and disrupting controlled cellular infiltration; and (3) satralizumab, which can pass through the BBB in the presence of NMO-IgG, suppresses the BBB dysfunction and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, leading to prevention of onset of NMOSD...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Takeshita, Y., Fujikawa, S., Serizawa, K., Fujisawa, M., Matsuo, K., Nemoto, J., Shimizu, F., Sano, Y., Tomizawa-Shinohara, H., Miyake, S., Ransohoff, R. M., Kanda, T. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Devic's syndrome Article Source Type: research

CNS Involvement in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: Subtle Retinal Changes in Optical Coherence Tomography
Discussion Our data reveal subtle retinal neurodegeneration in patients with CIDP, providing evidence for visual pathway involvement, detectable by OCT. The results need corroboration in independent, larger cohorts. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ingwersen, J., Graf, J., Kluge, J., Weise, M., Dietrich, M., Lee, J.-I., Harmel, J., Hartung, H.-P., Ruck, T., Meuth, S. G., Albrecht, P., Aktas, O., Ringelstein, M. Tags: Peripheral neuropathy, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, All Demyelinating disease (CNS) Article Source Type: research

Primary Angiitis of the CNS: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Discussion PACNS is associated with disabling symptoms, frequent relapses, and significant mortality. Differences in symptoms and neuroimaging results and low overlap between biopsy and angiogram suggest that biopsy- and angiogram-confirmed cases represent different histopathologic types of PACNS. The optimal treatment is unknown. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Beuker, C., Strunk, D., Rawal, R., Schmidt-Pogoda, A., Werring, N., Milles, L., Ruck, T., Wiendl, H., Meuth, S., Minnerup, H., Minnerup, J. Tags: Vasculitis, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke Views [amp ] Reviews Source Type: research

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders in Africa: A Systematic Review
Discussion The majority of studies on NMOSD from the African continent are retrospective, and most countries do not report any data. Our systemic review shows that data derived from patients living in Africa correspond well to what has been previously published in meta-analyses on patients of African ancestry with NMOSD who live outside of Africa, except for a younger age at onset and a lower proportion of females. We advocate for systematic data collection to adequately capture and monitor the burden of NMOSD, for expansion of research efforts and facilities to perform fundamental and clinical research, and for improved a...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Musubire, A. K., Derdelinckx, J., Reynders, T., Meya, D. B., Bohjanen, P. R., Cras, P., Willekens, B. Tags: All global neurology, Underserved populations, Devic's syndrome, Transverse myelitis, All epidemiology Views [amp ] Reviews Source Type: research

Safety and Immune Effects of Blocking CD40 Ligand in Multiple Sclerosis
This study provides Class IV evidence on the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immune effects of an mAb to CD40L in patients with RRMS. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Fadul, C. E., Mao-Draayer, Y., Ryan, K. A., Noelle, R. J., Wishart, H. A., Channon, J. Y., Kasper, I. R., Oliver, B., Mielcarz, D. W., Kasper, L. H. Tags: All Immunology, Autoimmune diseases, All Clinical Neurology, All Clinical trials, Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

Teriflunomide Promotes Oligodendroglial 8,9-Unsaturated Sterol Accumulation and CNS Remyelination
Discussion TF enhances zymosterol accumulation in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin repair, a beneficial off-target effect that should be investigated in patients with multiple sclerosis. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Martin, E., Aigrot, M.-S., Lamari, F., Bachelin, C., Lubetzki, C., Oumesmar, B. N., Zalc, B., Stankoff, B. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

Autopsy Case of Meningoencephalomyelitis Associated With Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibody
Discussion This case illustrates autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis associated with GFAP antibody in the CSF and coexistent neuroendocrine tumor. The autopsy findings were nonspecific and did not demonstrate astrocyte involvement. Further accumulation of cases is warranted to delineate the utility and pathogenic significance of the GFAP autoantibody. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Yamakawa, M., Hogan, K. O., Leever, J., Jassam, Y. N. Tags: All Immunology, Autoimmune diseases, Paraneoplastic syndrome Article Source Type: research

Neurofilament Light in CSF and Plasma Is a Marker of Neuronal Damage in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy and Correlates With Neuroinflammation
Conclusions Nf-L in plasma and CSF has potential to be used as a biomarker of disease activity in HAM. Neuronal damage seems to be more intense early in disease but persists long term. Wheelchair-dependent patients have ongoing neuroinflammation. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Rosadas, C., Zetterberg, H., Heslegrave, A., Haddow, J., Borisova, M., Taylor, G. P. Tags: Viral infections, Cerebrospinal Fluid Article Source Type: research

Neurosarcoidosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Although often regarded as a protean illness with myriad clinical and imaging manifestations, neurosarcoidosis typically presents as recognizable syndromes that can be approached in a rational, systematic fashion. Understanding of neurosarcoidosis has progressed significantly in recent years, including updated diagnostic criteria and advances in treatment. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is established by the clinical syndrome, imaging and histopathological findings, and exclusion of other causes. Mounting evidence supports the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors as an important addition to the therapeutic armamentar...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Bradshaw, M. J., Pawate, S., Koth, L. L., Cho, T. A., Gelfand, J. M. Tags: Optic neuritis; see Neuro-ophthalmology/Optic Nerve, Transverse myelitis Views [amp ] Reviews Source Type: research

Rituximab Treatment and Long-term Outcome of Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: Real-world Evidence From the GENERATE Registry
This study provides Class IV evidence that rituximab is an effective treatment for some types of AE. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Thaler, F. S., Zimmermann, L., Kammermeier, S., Strippel, C., Ringelstein, M., Kraft, A., Sühs, K.-W., Wickel, J., Geis, C., Markewitz, R., Urbanek, C., Sommer, C., Doppler, K., Penner, L., Lewerenz, J., Rössling, R., Finke, C., Prü Tags: All Immunology, Autoimmune diseases Article Source Type: research

CSF Levels of CXCL12 and Osteopontin as Early Markers of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Conclusions At the time of diagnosis, a specific CSF protein profile can recognize the presence of early intrathecal inflammatory processes, possibly stratifying PPMS with respect to RRMS. Elevated CSF levels of CXCL12 and osteopontin suggested a key role of brain innate immunity and glia activity in MS. These molecules could represent useful candidate markers of MS progression, with implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of progressive MS. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class III evidence that CXCL12 and monocyte-related osteopontin may be correlated with PPMS, and IL-10 may be related to RRMS. I...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Marastoni, D., Magliozzi, R., Bolzan, A., Pisani, A. I., Rossi, S., Crescenzo, F., Montemezzi, S., Pizzini, F. B., Calabrese, M. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

Genome-wide Association Study Identifies 2 New Loci Associated With Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
This study provides evidence for relevant genetic determinants of antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitides outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. The results suggest that future studies with larger sample sizes will successfully identify additional genetic determinants and contribute to the elucidation of the pathomechanism. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Tietz, A. K., Angstwurm, K., Baumgartner, T., Doppler, K., Eisenhut, K., Elisak, M., Franke, A., Golombeck, K. S., Handreka, R., Kaufmann, M., Kraemer, M., Kraft, A., Lewerenz, J., Lieb, W., Madlener, M., Melzer, N., Mojzisova, H., Möller, P., Pfe Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Association studies in genetics Article Source Type: research

Neurological Autoimmunity Associated With Homer-3 Antibody: A Case Series From China
This study reports and analyzes cases with Homer-3 antibodies. Results Of the serum and CSF samples of 750 patients tested, 6 were positive for Homer-3 antibodies. All manifested subacute or insidious-onset cerebellar ataxia. Furthermore, 2 patients each exhibited encephalopathy, myeloradiculopathy, REM sleep behavior disorder, and autonomic dysfunction. Brain magnetic resonance images were normal (n = 1) or revealed cerebellar atrophy (n = 1), cerebellum and pons atrophy with the hot cross bun sign (n = 2), and bilateral cerebral abnormalities (n = 2). Definite leukocytosis was identified in the CSF of 2 patients, protei...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu, M., Ren, H., Fan, S., Zhang, W., Xu, Y., Zhao, W., Guan, H., and the Encephalitis Collaborative Group Tags: All Immunology, Gait disorders/ataxia Article Source Type: research