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Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in the Netherlands, Focusing on Late-Onset Patients and Antibody Test Accuracy
Discussion Anti-NMDAR encephalitis occurs at all ages and is less rare in the elderly patients than initially anticipated. In older patients, the clinical phenotype is less outspoken, has different tumor association, and a less favorable recovery. Detection of antibodies in CSF is the gold standard, and although the CBA has very good validity, it is not perfect. The clinical phenotype should be leading, and confirmation in a research laboratory is recommended, when in doubt. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Bastiaansen, A. E. M., de Bruijn, M. A. A. M., Schuller, S. L., Martinez-Hernandez, E., Brenner, J., Paunovic, M., Crijnen, Y. S., Mulder, M. J. H. L., Schreurs, M. W. J., de Graaff, E., Smitt, P. A. E., Neuteboom, R. F., de Vries, J. M., Titulaer, M. J. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Encephalitis Article Source Type: research

Population-Based Epidemiology Study of Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes
Discussion PNSs are rare neurologic disorders but are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The estimated number of prevalent PNS cases in the United States is 17,099, and predicted DALY for all US PNS cases is 292,393 years. Their apparent increasing rate of detection is attributable to increasing physician awareness and availability of serologic testing. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Shah, S., Flanagan, E. P., Paul, P., Smith, C. Y., Bryant, S. C., Devine, M. F., Lennon, V. A., McKeon, A., Pittock, S. J., Dubey, D. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Paraneoplastic syndrome, Prevalence studies, Incidence studies Article Source Type: research

Clinical and Laboratory Features in Anti-NF155 Autoimmune Nodopathy
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Correction Source Type: research

Siponimod Inhibits the Formation of Meningeal Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Discussion Beneficial effects on the disease course correlated with a reduction in mELT, suggesting that inhibition of mELT may be an additional mechanism of action of siponimod in the treatment of EAE. Further studies are needed to establish causality and confirm this observation in MS. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Brand, R. M., Diddens, J., Friedrich, V., Pfaller, M., Radbruch, H., Hemmer, B., Steiger, K., Lehmann-Horn, K. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

Demystifying MOGAD and Double Seronegative NMOSD Further With IL-6 Blockade
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Yong, K. P., Kim, H. J. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, All Demyelinating disease (CNS) Editorial Source Type: research

CSF Neurofilament Light Chain Concentrations Predict Outcome in Bacterial Meningitis
This study provides Class II evidence that NfL level in CSF is a moderate predictor, with the AUC for predicting unfavorable outcome in bacterial meningitis being 0.69 (95% CI, 0.64–0.74). (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Chekrouni, N., van Soest, T. M., Brouwer, M. C., Willemse, E. A. J., Teunissen, C. E., van de Beek, D. Tags: Meningitis, Bacterial infections, Prognosis Article Source Type: research

Allosteric Modulation of NMDARs Reverses Patients' Autoantibody Effects in Mice
Discussion An oxysterol biology-based PAM of NMDARs is able to reverse the synaptic and memory deficits caused by CSF from patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. These findings suggest a novel adjuvant treatment approach that deserves future clinical evaluation. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Radosevic, M., Planaguma, J., Mannara, F., Mellado, A., Aguilar, E., Sabater, L., Landa, J., Garcia-Serra, A., Maudes, E., Gasull, X., Lewis, M., Dalmau, J. Tags: Autoimmune diseases Article Source Type: research

Stress Signal ULBP4, an NKG2D Ligand, Is Upregulated in Multiple Sclerosis and Shapes CD8+ T-Cell Behaviors
Discussion Our study provides new evidence for the involvement of NKG2D and its ligand ULBP4 in MS pathology. Our results point to ULBP4 as a viable target to specifically block 1 component of the NKG2D pathway without altering immune surveillance involving other NKG2DL. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Carmena Moratalla, A., Carpentier Solorio, Y., Lemaitre, F., Farzam-kia, N., Levert, A., Zandee, S. E. J., Lahav, B., Guimond, J. V., Haddad, E., Girard, M., Duquette, P., Larochelle, C., Prat, A., Arbour, N. Tags: All Immunology, Autoimmune diseases, Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

Recovery From COVID-19 in Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective and Longitudinal Cohort Study of the United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Register
Discussion Patients with MS are affected by postacute sequelae of COVID-19. Preexisting severe neurologic impairment or mental health problems appear to increase this risk. These findings can have implications in tailoring their post–COVID-19 rehabilitation. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Garjani, A., Middleton, R. M., Nicholas, R., Evangelou, N. Tags: All Psychiatric disorders, Disability, Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

CSF-Derived CD4+ T-Cell Diversity Is Reduced in Patients With Alzheimer Clinical Syndrome
Discussion Examination of CSF indicates that CD4+ T cell–mediated adaptive immune responses are altered in patients with ACS. Understanding the underlying mechanisms affecting adaptive immunity will help move us toward the goal of slowing cognitive decline. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Joshi, C., Sivaprakasam, K., Christley, S., Ireland, S., Rivas, J., Zhang, W., Sader, D., Logan, R., Lambracht-Washington, D., Rosenberg, R., Cullum, M., Hitt, B., Li, Q.-Z., Barber, R., Greenberg, B., Cowell, L., Zhang, R., Stowe, A., Huebinger, R., Kell Tags: All Immunology, Alzheimer's disease, Gene expression studies Article Source Type: research

COVID-19 Infection in Fingolimod- or Siponimod-Treated Patients: Case Series
Discussion Based on a review of available information, the risk of more severe COVID-19 in patients receiving fingolimod or siponimod seems to be similar to that reported in the general population and the MS population with COVID-19. However, limitations of spontaneous reporting, especially missing data, should be considered in the interpretation of these observations. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sullivan, R., Kilaru, A., Hemmer, B., Campbell Cree, B. A., Greenberg, B. M., Kundu, U., Hach, T., DeLasHeras, V., Ward, B. J., Berger, J. Tags: COVID-19, Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

IgG4-Mediated Neurologic Autoimmunities: Understanding the Pathogenicity of IgG4, Ineffectiveness of IVIg, and Long-Lasting Benefits of Anti-B Cell Therapies
Discussion Rituximab is the preferred treatment in IgG4-ND patients with severe disease by effectively targeting the production of pathogenic IgG-4 antibodies. In contrast, IVIG is ineffective because it inhibits immunoinflammatory functions irrelevant to the mechanistic effects of IgG4 and contains IgG-1 idiotypes that cannot sufficiently neutralize or possibly catabolize IgG4. Controlled studies with anti-CD19/20 monoclonals that also activate FcRIIb may be more promising in treating IgG4-ND. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Dalakas, M. C. Tags: Autoimmune diseases Views [amp ] Reviews Source Type: research

Hypogammaglobulinemia and Infections in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Rituximab
Discussion In PwMS receiving RTX, reduced IgG level was frequent and interacted with the risk of infection. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Perriguey, M., Maarouf, A., Stellmann, J.-P., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Pelletier, J., Audoin, B. Tags: All Infections, Multiple sclerosis, Cohort studies Article Source Type: research

Interim Analysis of Pregnancy Outcomes After Exposure to Dimethyl Fumarate in a Prospective International Registry
The objective was to provide pregnancy outcomes and DMF exposure information from an interim analysis from a prospective, international registry (TecGistry; NCT01911767). Methods Women exposed to DMF from the first day of their last menstrual period before conception or during pregnancy were evaluated. Data were obtained at enrollment; 6–7 months' gestation; 4 weeks after estimated due date; and 4, 12, and 52 weeks after birth. Outcomes included live births, gestational size, pregnancy loss, birth defects, and infant or maternal death after delivery. Outcomes were analyzed cumulatively from October 30, 2013 (the sta...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Hellwig, K., Rog, D., McGuigan, C., Houtchens, M. K., Bruen, D. R., Mokliatchouk, O., Branco, F., Peng, X., Everage, N. J. Tags: Neonatal, All Demyelinating disease (CNS), Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

No Signs of Neuroinflammation in Women With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Q Fever Fatigue Syndrome Using the TSPO Ligand [11C]-PK11195
Discussion In contrast to what was previously reported for CFS, we found no significant difference in BPND of [11C]-PK11195 when comparing patients with CFS or QFS with healthy neighborhood controls. In this small series, we were unable to find signs of neuroinflammation in patients with CFS and QFS. Trial Registration Information EudraCT number 2014-004448-37. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Raijmakers, R., Roerink, M., Keijmel, S., Joosten, L., Netea, M., van der Meer, J., Knoop, H., Klein, H., Bleeker-Rovers, C., Doorduin, J. Tags: Article Source Type: research