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Pure Relapsing Short Myelitis: Part of the Multiple Sclerosis Spectrum or New Entity?
Discussion Pure spinal MS could be a rare entity in the MS disease spectrum. However, the existence of a distinct entity in the inflammatory CNS disorders cannot be excluded. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Poullet, Z., Pique, J., Maarouf, A., Boutiere, C., Rico, A., Demortiere, S., Durozard, P., Papeix, C., Maillart, E., Collongues, N., Ayrignac, X., Zephir, H., Deschamps, R., Ciron, J., Pelletier, J., Marignier, R., Audoin, B. Tags: MRI, All Spinal Cord, Cerebrospinal Fluid, All Demyelinating disease (CNS), Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1-Positive CD8+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: Exhausted Fighters or Peacekeepers
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Smolders, J., Hamann, J. Tags: All Immunology, Multiple sclerosis Editorial Source Type: research

Relapsing and Immune-Responsive Paroxysmal Jaw Clonus With Blepharospasm and Sialorrhea Associated With D2R Autoantibodies
Discussion Recognizing paroxysmal jaw clonus (possibly with blepharospasm and sialorrhea) and considering the relationship between these episodes and D2R antibodies will be helpful in the early diagnosis and treatment of immune neurologic syndromes. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Liu, Y., Hao, X., Zhou, D., Hong, Z. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, All Infections, All Clinical Neurology, All Movement Disorders, All Pediatric Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Autoimmune Encephalitis With mGluR1 Antibodies Presenting With Epilepsy, but Without Cerebellar Signs: A Case Report
Discussion Whereas cerebellar symptoms are present in 97% of mGluR1-positive cases, our patient presented without ataxia. Therefore, we suggest that the clinical presentation of patients with mGluR1 antibodies is probably more diverse than previously described. Testing for mGluR1 antibodies should be considered in patients with limbic encephalitis and epilepsy, especially when negative for more common antibodies. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Vinke, A. M., Zong, S., Janssen, J. H., Correia-Hoffmann, C., Mane-Damas, M., Damoiseaux, J. G. M. C., de Vries, J. M., Pröpper, D., Molenaar, P., Losen, M., Martinez Martinez, P., Rouhl, R. P. W. Tags: MRI, All Immunology, Autoimmune diseases, Hallucinations, EEG Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Siponimod Inhibits the Formation of Meningeal Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CORRECTION Source Type: research

Effects of Vitamin D and Body Mass Index on Disease Risk and Relapse Hazard in Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
This study supports causal effects of genetically predicted serum 25OHD concentrations and BMI on risk of MS. In contrast, serum 25OHD but not BMI is significantly associated with relapse hazard after onset. These findings might offer clinical implications for both prevention and treatment. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Vandebergh, M., Dubois, B., Goris, A. Tags: Multiple sclerosis, Risk factors in epidemiology Research Article Source Type: research

Transcription Factor c-Maf Promotes Immunoregulation of Programmed Cell Death 1-Expressed CD8+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis
This study uncovered a favorable role of PD-1+CD8+ T cells against MS and demonstrated that c-Maf–driven IL-10 is an immune regulatory machinery. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Koto, S., Chihara, N., Akatani, R., Nakano, H., Hara, A., Sekiguchi, K., Matsumoto, R., Toda, T. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Increased Remyelination and Proregenerative Microglia Under Siponimod Therapy in Mechanistic Models
Discussion These results confirm the immunomodulatory effects of siponimod and suggest additional regenerative and promyelinating effects, which follow the dynamics of a bell-shaped curve with high being less efficient than low concentrations. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Dietrich, M., Hecker, C., Martin, E., Langui, D., Gliem, M., Stankoff, B., Lubetzki, C., Gruchot, J., Göttle, P., Issberner, A., Nasiri, M., Ramseier, P., Beerli, C., Tisserand, S., Beckmann, N., Shimshek, D., Petzsch, P., Akbar, D., Levkau, B., S Tags: Multiple sclerosis, Optic neuritis; see Neuro-ophthalmology/Optic Nerve Article Source Type: research

Novel Cell-Based Assay for Alpha-3 Nicotinic Receptor Antibodies Detects Antibodies Exclusively in Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy
This study showed that in contrast to the established RIPA for α3-nAChR antibodies, which at low levels is of moderate disease specificity, our CBA seems AAG specific, while at least equally sensitive with the RIPA. This study provides Class II evidence that α3-nAChR CBA is a specific assay for AAG. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that an α3-nAChR cell-based assay is a more specific assay for AAG than the standard RIPA. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Karagiorgou, K., Dandoulaki, M., Mantegazza, R., Andreetta, F., Furlan, R., Lindstrom, J., Zisimopoulou, P., Chroni, E., Kokotis, P., Anagnostou, E., Tzanetakos, D., Breza, M., Katsarou, Z., Amoiridis, G., Mastorodemos, V., Bregianni, M., Bonakis, A., Tsi Tags: Autonomic diseases, Autoimmune diseases Article Source Type: research

MRI Characteristics of Autoimmune Encephalitis With Autoantibodies to GABAA Receptor: A Case Series
Discussion Anti-GABAAR encephalitis has distinctive neuroimaging phenotype. Cingulate gyri were frequently involved in this disorder. The topology of lesions might be associated with the distribution of β3 subunit–containing GABAAR and reflected patients' disease severity and outcomes. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Deng, B., Cai, M., Qiu, Y., Liu, X., Yu, H., Zhang, X., Huang, H., Zhao, X., Yang, W., Dong, S., Jin, L., Chu, S., Chen, X. Tags: MRI, Autoimmune diseases, Encephalitis Research Article Source Type: research

Cryptococcal Meningitis Reported With Fingolimod Treatment: Case Series
Discussion The causal relationship between fingolimod treatment and CM is not yet fully understood. The CM mortality rate in fingolimod-treated patients is similar to that reported in HIV-negative patients. Vigilance for signs and symptoms of CM in patients receiving fingolimod, particularly the new onset of headaches and altered mental status, is essential. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to reducing CM-associated mortality. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Del Poeta, M., Ward, B. J., Greenberg, B., Hemmer, B., Cree, B. A. C., Komatireddy, S., Mishra, J., Sullivan, R., Kilaru, A., Moore, A., Hach, T., Berger, J. R. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Fungal infections, Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Diabetes Mellitus Is a Possible Risk Factor for Nodo-paranodopathy With Antiparanodal Autoantibodies
We report an association of nodo-paranodopathy and DM. Our results suggest that DM may be a potential risk factor for predisposing to developing nodo-paranodopathy and argue against DM being induced by the autoantibodies. Our findings set the basis for further research investigating underlying immunopathogenetic connections. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Appeltshauser, L., Messinger, J., Starz, K., Heinrich, D., Brunder, A.-M., Stengel, H., Fiebig, B., Ayzenberg, I., Birklein, F., Dresel, C., Dorst, J., Dvorak, F., Grimm, A., Joerk, A., Leypoldt, F., Mäurer, M., Merl, P., Michels, S., Pitarokoili, Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Research Article Source Type: research

Combined Central and Peripheral Demyelination With IgM Anti-Neurofascin 155 Antibodies: Case Report
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Pegat, A., Delmont, E., Svahn, J., Bernard, E., Lessard, L., Marignier, R., Bouhour, F. Tags: All Imaging, All Immunology, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, EMG, Multiple sclerosis Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Dynamics of Retinal Vessel Loss After Acute Optic Neuritis in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
This study aimed to analyze longitudinal dynamics of the retinal vasculature following an acute inflammatory relapse including acute optic neuritis (ON) and to search for associations with alterations of the retinal architecture and visual function. Methods This prospective longitudinal cohort study included patients with relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome having an acute ON (n = 20) or a non-ON relapse (n = 33). Patients underwent examinations at baseline and after 7, 14, 28, 90, and 180 days with OCT, OCT-A, and assessment of the high- (HCVA) and low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA). Results Retinal ve...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Aly, L., Noll, C., Wicklein, R., Wolf, E., Romahn, E. F., Wauschkuhn, J., Hosari, S., Mardin, C., Berthele, A., Hemmer, B., Korn, T., Knier, B. Tags: Optic nerve, Multiple sclerosis, Optic neuritis; see Neuro-ophthalmology/Optic Nerve Research Article Source Type: research

Influence of Previous Disease-Modifying Drug Exposure on T-Lymphocyte Dynamic in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ocrelizumab
Discussion OCR per se exerts a modest depleting effect on T cells that seems rather due to a carryover phenomenon of previous therapies, particularly FTY. These data may help in the overall evaluation of the risk/benefit profile of treatment sequencing. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Landi, D., Grimaldi, A., Bovis, F., Ponzano, M., Fantozzi, R., Buttari, F., Signoriello, E., Lus, G., Lucchini, M., Mirabella, M., Cellerino, M., Inglese, M., Cola, G., Nicoletti, C. G., Mataluni, G., Centonze, D., Marfia, G. A. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research