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Effect of Estimated Blood Volume and Body Mass Index on GFAP and NfL Levels in the Serum and CSF of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Discussion These findings support the notion that the volume of distribution of sGFAP approximated by BV and BMI is a relevant variable and should therefore be controlled for when measuring sGFAP in MS, while this might not be necessary when measuring cGFAP concentrations. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 31, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Yalachkov, Y., Schäfer, J. H., Jakob, J., Friedauer, L., Steffen, F., Bittner, S., Foerch, C., Schaller-Paule, M. A. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Early-Stage Contactin-Associated Protein-like 2 Limbic Encephalitis: Clues for Diagnosis
Discussion CASPR2-encephalitis has a progressive course and is highly heterogeneous at the early stage. In men older than 50 years, otherwise unexplained seizures, cerebellar ataxia, and/or neuropathic pain are suggestive of early-stage CASPR2-encephalitis, especially if they coincide with recent asthenia, mood disorders, or insomnia. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Benoit, J., Muniz-Castrillo, S., Vogrig, A., Farina, A., Pinto, A.-L., Picard, G., Rogemond, V., Guery, D., Alentorn, A., Psimaras, D., Rheims, S., Honnorat, J., Joubert, B. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Are Predictive of Clinical Conversion in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome
This study provides Class II evidence that in people with radiologic isolated syndrome (RIS), initial serum and CSF NfL levels are associated with subsequent evidence of disease activity or clinical conversion. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Rival, M., Thouvenot, E., Du Trieu de Terdonck, L., Laurent-Chabalier, S., Demattei, C., Uygunoglu, U., Castelnovo, G., Cohen, M., Okuda, D. T., Kantarci, O. H., Pelletier, D., Azevedo, C., Marin, P., Lehmann, S., Siva, A., Mura, T., Lebrun-Frenay, C., on Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Comparison of Fixed and Live Cell-Based Assay for the Detection of AChR and MuSK Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis
In this study, we compared the performance of fixed and live CBAs in patients with RIA-dSN MG and assessed their sensitivity in RIA-positive MG samples and their specificity. Methods AChR and MuSK Abs were tested in 292 serum samples from 2 Italian MG referral centers by live and fixed CBAs: 192 from patients with MG and 100 from controls. All samples had been previously assessed by RIA: 66 were AChR positive, 40 MuSK positive, and 86 dSN. All controls were negative. Two independent raters assessed the CBA results. Fixed and live CBAs were compared with the McNemar test; interrater and interlaboratory agreement were asses...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Spagni, G., Gastaldi, M., Businaro, P., Chemkhi, Z., Carrozza, C., Mascagna, G., Falso, S., Scaranzin, S., Franciotta, D., Evoli, A., Damato, V. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Multiple Sclerosis Followed by Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings
A woman presented at age 18 years with partial myelitis and diplopia and experienced multiple subsequent relapses. Her MRI demonstrated T2 abnormalities characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS) (white matter ovoid lesions and Dawson fingers), and CSF demonstrated an elevated IgG index and oligoclonal bands restricted to the CSF. Diagnosed with clinically definite relapsing-remitting MS, she was treated with various MS disease-modifying therapies and eventually began experiencing secondary progression. At age 57 years, she developed an acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and was found to have AQP4 antibodies...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Goldschmidt, C., Galetta, S. L., Lisak, R. P., Balcer, L. J., Hellman, A., Racke, M. K., Lovett-Racke, A. E., Cruz, R., Parsons, M. S., Sattarnezhad, N., Steinman, L., Zamvil, S. S., Frohman, E. M., Frohman, T. C. Tags: Diagnostic [amp ] Treatment Challenges Source Type: research

Early Reduction of MRI Activity During 6 Months of Cladribine Tablet Treatment for Highly Active Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: MAGNIFY-MS
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Correction Source Type: research

Seizure Semiology in Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis
Discussion Seizures are a frequent and diagnostically relevant symptom of ab + AE. Whereas NMDAR+ patients had few localizing semiological features, semiology in LGI1+ and GAD+ patients pointed toward a predominant temporal seizure onset. FBDS are pathognomonic for LGI1 + AE. Status epilepticus seems to be more frequent in NMDAR + AE. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Kaaden, T., Madlener, M., Angstwurm, K., Bien, C. G., Bogarin, Y., Doppler, K., Finke, A., Gerner, S. T., Reimann, G., Häusler, M., Handreka, R., Hellwig, K., Kaufmann, M., Kellinghaus, C., Koertvelyessy, P., Kraft, A., Lewerenz, J., Menge, T., Pa Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Multiple Sclerosis CSF Is Enriched With Follicular T Cells Displaying a Th1/Eomes Signature
In this study, we examined the phenotype, frequency, and transcriptome of circulating cTfh cells in the blood and CSF of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Methods The phenotype and frequency of cTfh cells were analyzed in the blood of 39 healthy controls and 41 untreated patients with RRMS and in the CSF and paired blood of 10 patients with drug-naive RRMS at diagnosis by flow cytometry. Using an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier, we assessed the transendothelial migratory abilities of the different cTfh-cell subsets. Finally, we performed an RNA sequencing analysis of paired CSF cTfh cells and blood cTfh c...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Morille, J., Mandon, M., Rodriguez, S., Roulois, D., Leonard, S., Garcia, A., Wiertlewski, S., Le Page, E., Berthelot, L., Nicot, A., Mathe, C., Lejeune, F., Tarte, K., Delaloy, C., Ame, P., Laplaud, D., Michel, L. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Patients With Severe Multiple Sclerosis Exhibit Functionally Altered CD8+ Regulatory T Cells
Discussion Altogether, these results suggest a defect in the number and function of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs during MS relapse and an association of CD8+CD45RClow Tregs dysfunction with MS severity. Thus, CD8+CD45RClow/neg T cells might bring new insights into the pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches of MS. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Benallegue, N., Nicol, B., Lasselin, J., Bezie, S., Flippe, L., Regue, H., Vimond, N., Remy, S., Garcia, A., Le Frere, F., Anegon, I., Laplaud, D., Guillonneau, C. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease Presenting as Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report
This report presents the first description of a relapsing remitting course presenting each time with only symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, without developing any typical clinical manifestations of MOGAD. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Chaudhuri, J. R., Bagul, J. J., Swathi, A., Singhal, B. S., Reddy, N. C., Vallam, K. K. Tags: MRI, All Demyelinating disease (CNS), Optic neuritis; see Neuro-ophthalmology/Optic Nerve, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Diagnostic [amp ] Treatment Challenges Source Type: research

Temporal Dynamics of MOG Antibodies in Children With Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome
In this study, patients with declining MOG-IgG titers, particularly those with seroconversion to MOG-IgG–negative, are shown to have a significantly reduced relapse risk. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Wendel, E. M., Thonke, H. S., Bertolini, A., Baumann, M., Blaschek, A., Merkenschlager, A., Karenfort, M., Kornek, B., Lechner, C., Pohl, D., Pritsch, M., Schanda, K., Schimmel, M., Thiels, C., Waltz, S., Wiegand, G., Anlar, B., Barisic, N., Blank, C., Br Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Rate of Retinal Layer Thinning as a Biomarker for Conversion to Progressive Disease in Multiple Sclerosis
Discussion Patients who converted to SPMS exhibited faster retinal thinning as reflected on OCT. Longitudinal assessment of retinal thinning could confirm the transition to SPMS and help with the therapeutic decision making for patients with MS with clinical suspicion of disease progression. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: El Ayoubi, N. K., Sabbagh, H. M., Bou Rjeily, N., Hannoun, S., Khoury, S. J. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

B-Cell Reconstitution After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis
Discussion Our detailed characterization of B-cell reconstitution after aHSCT in MS indicates a reduced reactivation potential of memory B cells up to 1 year after transplantation, which may leave patients susceptible to infection, but may also be an important aspect of its mechanism of action. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: von Niederhäusern, V., Ruder, J., Ghraichy, M., Jelcic, I., Müller, A. M., Schanz, U., Martin, R., Trück, J. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Imaging Characteristics of Choroid Plexuses in Presymptomatic Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study
This study is a retrospective analysis of 27 patients with presymptomatic MS, 97 patients with clinically definite MS (CDMS), and 53 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent a cross-sectional 3T-MRI acquisition; of which, 22 MS, 19 HCs, and 1 presymptomatic MS (evaluated 8 months before conversion to CDMS) also underwent translocator protein (TSPO) 18F-DPA-714 PET and were included in the analysis. CPs were manually segmented on 3D T1-weighted images for volumetric analysis. CP 18F-DPA-714 uptake, reflecting inflammation, was calculated as the average standardized uptake value (SUV). Multivariable regressions adjusted for age,...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Ricigliano, V. A. G., Louapre, C., Poirion, E., Colombi, A., Yazdan Panah, A., Lazzarotto, A., Morena, E., Martin, E., Bottlaender, M., Bodini, B., Seilhean, D., Stankoff, B. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Analysis of Macrophages and Peptidergic Fibers in the Skin of Patients With Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Correction Source Type: research