Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Intrathecal CD8+CD20+ T Cells in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
This study shows an association between intrathecal CD8+CD20+ T cells, white matter injury, and thalamic atrophy in PPMS, suggesting a role of CD8+CD20+ T cells in the immunopathogenesis of PPMS. The results also suggest that limited efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in PPMS may, at least partly, be a consequence of failure to suppress CD8+CD20+ T cells in CSF. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: von Essen, M. R., Talbot, J., Hansen, R. H. H., Chow, H. H., Lundell, H., Siebner, H. R., Sellebjerg, F. Tags: Cerebrospinal Fluid, Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

TSPO-Detectable Chronic Active Lesions Predict Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
In this study, we investigated whether the frequency of TSPO-PET–detectable chronic active lesions associates with disease progression measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at 5-year follow-up. Methods Chronic lesion–associated innate immune cell activation was evaluated using TSPO-PET in 82 patients with MS. Chronic lesions were categorized into rim-active, inactive, and overall active lesion subtypes based on innate immune cell activation patterns in the lesion core and at the 2-mm perilesional rim. Logistic regression was used to identify best predictors of progression. Results Twenty-...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Polvinen, E., Matilainen, M., Nylund, M., Sucksdorff, M., Airas, L. M. Tags: MRI, PET, Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Complement Factor I Gene Variant as a Treatable Cause of Recurrent Aseptic Neutrophilic Meningitis: A Case Report
We present a case of a 26-year-old man with 18 episodes of recurrent meningitis, who had a variant in CFI(c.859G>A,p.Gly287Arg) not previously associated with neurologic manifestations. He achieved remission with canakinumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeted at interleukin-1 beta. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Rolfes, M., Harroud, A., Zorn, K. C., Tubati, A., Omura, C., Kurtz, K., Matloubian, M., Berger, A., Chiu, C. Y., Wilson, M. R., Ramachandran, P. S. Tags: All Immunology, Encephalitis, Meningitis Diagnostic [amp ] Treatment Challenges Source Type: research

Frequency and Referral Patterns of Neural Antibody Studies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience From an Autoimmune Neurology Center
Discussion Our findings do not support that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial increase of known or novel encephalitis mediated by antibodies against neural-surface antigens. The increase in Hu and GFAP antibodies likely reflects the progressive increased recognition of the corresponding disorders. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Arino, H., Ruiz Garcia, R., Rioseras, B., Naranjo, L., Martinez-Hernandez, E., Saiz, A., Graus, F., Dalmau, J. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Encephalitis, Viral infections, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Subacute Horizontal Diplopia, Jaw Dystonia, and Laryngospasm
In this report, we highlight the multidisciplinary management of this syndrome associated with ANNA-2/anti-Ri paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome and discuss its pathogenesis. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Tisavipat, N., Chang, B. K., Ali, F., Pittock, S. J., Kammeyer, R., Declusin, A., Cohn, S. J., Flanagan, E. P. Tags: All Immunology, All Clinical Neurology, Dystonia, Diplopia (double vision), Paraneoplastic syndrome Diagnostic [amp ] Treatment Challenges Source Type: research

Antibodies Associated With Autoimmune Encephalitis in Patients With Presumed Neurodegenerative Dementia
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of neuronal antibodies in patients with presumed neurodegenerative dementia and describe the clinical characteristics of the patients with neuronal antibodies. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 920 patients were included with neurodegenerative dementia diagnosis from established cohorts at 2 large Dutch academic memory clinics. In total, 1,398 samples were tested (both CSF and serum in 478 patients) using immunohistochemistry (IHC), cell-based assays (CBA), and live hippocampal cell cultures (LN). To ascertain specificity and prevent false positive resul...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Bastiaansen, A. E. M., van Steenhoven, R. W., te Vaarwerk, E. S., van der Flier, W. M., Teunissen, C., de Graaff, E., Nagtzaam, M. M. P., Paunovic, M., Franken, S. C., Schreurs, M. W. J., Leypoldt, F., Smitt, P. A. E., de Vries, J. M., Seelaar, H., van Sw Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Encephalitis, All Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Research Article Source Type: research

CSF Concentrations of CXCL13 and sCD27 Before and After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis
The objective of this study was to investigate CXCL13 and sCD27 concentrations in CSF before and after AHSCT. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted at a specialized MS clinic in a university hospital. Patients with a diagnosis of RRMS, treated with AHSCT between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2018, were evaluated for participation. Patients were included if CSF samples from baseline plus at least 1 follow-up were available on June 30, 2020. A control group of volunteers without neurologic disease was included as a reference. CSF concentrations of CXCL13 and sCD27 were measured with ELISA. Results The stu...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Lundblad, K., Zjukovskaja, C., Larsson, A., Cherif, H., Kultima, K., Burman, J. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Inflammatory Biomarkers in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Parkinson Disease and Related Neurodegenerative Disorders
Discussion In our exploratory study, we identified a 7-biomarker panel for PD and a 4-biomarker panel for AD. Our findings indicate potential inflammation-related biomarker candidates that could contribute toward PD-specific and AD-specific diagnostic panels, which should be further explored in other larger cohorts. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Pedersen, C. C., Ushakova, A., Skogseth, R. E., Alves, G., Tysnes, O.-B., Aarsland, D., Lange, J., Maple-Grodem, J. Tags: Parkinson's disease/Parkinsonism, Alzheimer's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies Research Article Source Type: research

International Delphi Consensus on the Management of AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD: Recommendations for Eculizumab, Inebilizumab, and Satralizumab
Discussion An established consensus method was used to develop statements relevant to the management of AQP4-IgG–seropositive NMOSD. These international statements will be valuable for informing individualized therapeutic decision-making and could form the basis for standardized practice guidelines. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Paul, F., Marignier, R., Palace, J., Arrambide, G., Asgari, N., Bennett, J. L., Cree, B. A. C., De Seze, J., Fujihara, K., Kim, H. J., Hornby, R., Huda, S., Kissani, N., Kleiter, I., Kuwabara, S., Lana-Peixoto, M., Law, L., Leite, M. I., Pandit, L., Pitto Tags: All Neuro-ophthalmology, Optic nerve, Optic neuritis; see Neuro-ophthalmology/Optic Nerve Research Article Source Type: research

MRI Features and Their Association With Outcomes in Children With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
In this study, we correlate T2-hyperintense MRI brain lesions with clinical outcomes in pNMDARE. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study from 11 institutions. Children younger than 18 years with pNMDARE were included. One-year outcomes were assessed by the modified Rankin Score (mRS) with good (mRS ≤2) and poor (mRS ≥3) outcomes. Results A total of 175 pNMDARE subjects were included, with 1-year mRS available in 142/175 (81%) and 60/175 (34%) had abnormal brain MRIs. The most common T2-hyperintense lesion locations were frontal, temporal, and parietal. MRI features that predicted poor 1-year outco...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Gombolay, G., Brenton, J. N., Yang, J. H., Stredny, C. M., Kammeyer, R., Otten, C. E., Vu, N., Santoro, J. D., Robles-Lopez, K., Christiana, A., Steriade, C., Morris, M., Gorman, M., Moodley, M., Hardy, D., Kornbluh, A. B., Kahn, I., Sepeta, L. N., Yeshok Tags: Autoimmune diseases, All Pediatric Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Immunohistologic Features of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia
In this study, we report the immunohistological correlates in 3 fatal cases of cerebral venous thrombosis related to VITT analyzed at an academic medical center. Methods Detailed neuropathologic studies were performed in 3 cases of cerebral venous thrombosis related to VITT after adenoviral COVID-19 vaccination. Results Autopsy revealed extensive cerebral vein thrombosis in all 3 cases. Polarized thrombi were observed with a high density of neutrophils in the core and a low density in the tail. Endothelial cells adjacent to the thrombus were largely destroyed. Markers of neutrophil extracellular trap and complement activ...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Geeraerts, T., Guilbeau-Frugier, C., Garcia, C., Memier, V., Raposo, N., Bonneville, F., Gales, C., Darcourt, J., Voisin, S., Ribes, A., Piel-Julian, M., Bounes, F., Albucher, J. F., Roux, F.-E., Izopet, J., Telmon, N., Olivot, J. M., Sie, P., Bauer, J., Tags: Autoimmune diseases, COVID-19, Cerebral venous thrombosis Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Late-Onset Anti-GABAB Receptor Encephalitis: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Differing From Early-Onset Patients
This study aims to explore the demographic, clinical characteristics, and prognostic differences between late-onset and early-onset GABABR-E and identify predictors of favorable long-term outcomes. Methods This is an observational retrospective study conducted in 19 centers from China. Data from 62 patients with GABABR-E were compared between late-onset (aged 50 years or older) and early-onset (younger than 50 years) groups and between groups with favorable outcomes (modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≤ 2) and poor outcomes (mRS >2). Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors affecting long-term outcomes...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sun, T., Zhao, D., Zhang, G., Huang, Y., Guo, J., Jiang, W., Jia, R., Maimaiti, M., Liu, J., Bu, N., Li, Z., Yan, Y., Zhang, X., Sun, C., Zhao, C., Jia, X., Mao, B., Tian, H., Liu, Y., Chen, Z., Fan, Z., Guo, X., Lu, J., Ren, K., Li, H., Guo, J. Tags: Prognosis Research Article Source Type: research

Mesiotemporal Volumetry, Cortical Thickness, and Neuropsychological Deficits in the Long-term Course of Limbic Encephalitis
Discussion Our data depict higher mesiotemporal volumes in the early disease stage, most likely due to edematous swelling, followed by volume regression and atrophy/hippocampal sclerosis in the late disease stage. Our study reveals a continuous and pathophysiologically meaningful trajectory of mesiotemporal volumetry across all serogroups and provides evidence that LE should be considered a network disorder in which extratemporal involvement is an important determinant of disease severity. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Harms, A., Bauer, T., Witt, J.-A., Baumgartner, T., von Wrede, R., Racz, A., Ernst, L., Becker, A. J., Helmstaedter, C., Surges, R., Rüber, T. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, All Epilepsy/Seizures, Volumetric MRI use in epilepsy Research Article Source Type: research

Acknowledgment to Reviewers
The success of Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation derives from the publication of excellent manuscripts which requires the time and effort of our reviewers. Their thoughtful comments on clinical trials, experimental research, and novel methodologies or techniques are critical to that success. We appreciate their dedication to the journal and their commitment to excellence. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dalmau, J. O. Tags: Acknowledgment to Reviewers Source Type: research

Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis With Co-occurring IgLON5 Antibodies: Clinical Features and Human Leukocyte Antigen Haplotypes
We present a case of anti-LGI1 encephalitis with concomitant IgLON5 antibodies. Co-occurring IgLON5 antibodies in anti-LGI1 encephalitis are exceptional, but may appear in genetically predisposed individuals. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Schiff, P., Muniz-Castrillo, S., Do, L. D., Fantini, M. L., Chanson, E., Rogemond, V., Honnorat, J., Poncet-Megemont, L. Tags: Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research