Association of NEDA-4 With No Long-term Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis and Comparison With NEDA-3: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Discussion In patients with RRMS, NEDA-4 at 1–2 years was associated with 2 times higher odds of no long-term disability progression, at 6 years compared with EDA-4, but offered no advantage over NEDA-3. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Rotstein, D., Solomon, J. M., Sormani, M. P., Montalban, X., Ye, X. Y., Dababneh, D., Muccilli, A., Saab, G., Shah, P. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Timing of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Matters in People With Multiple Sclerosis on Pulsed Anti-CD20 Treatment
Discussion Delaying BCDT is currently discussed as a strategy to optimize humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, T cells represent an important line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection as well, especially in light of emerging variants of concern. We observed enhanced CD4 and CD8 T-cellular responses in pwMS receiving vaccination at early time points after their last BCDT cycle. These data may influence clinical decision making with respect to vaccination strategies in patients receiving BCDT. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - October 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Woopen, C., Dunsche, M., Haase, R., Raposo, C., Pedotti, R., Akgün, K., Ziemssen, T. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, COVID-19, Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Area Postrema Syndrome in Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy: A Case Series and Literature Review
Discussion APS could be an early, but not isolated clinical manifestation of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Hiccups was the predominant symptom of APS in this disorder. APS attacks of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy have good response to immunotherapy. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Deng, B., Wang, J., Yu, H., Jin, L., Qiu, Y., Liu, X., Wang, P., Zhang, X., Chen, X. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Pachymeningitis in Biopsy-Proven Sarcoidosis: Clinical Course, Radiographic Findings, Response to Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
Discussion Pachymeningitis due to sarcoidosis often presents with headaches, visual dysfunction, and seizures; it usually affects the dura of the falx cerebri, anterior and middle cranial fossae, and tentorium cerebelli and tends to require steroid-sparing immunosuppressants. It has the potential to relapse, but the prospect for recovery is good. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Chakales, P. A., Herman, M. C., Chien, L. C., Hutto, S. K. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

CLMP Promotes Leukocyte Migration Across Brain Barriers in Multiple Sclerosis
The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor–like membrane protein (CLMP) in the migration of immune cells into the CNS of patients with MS. Methods Expression of CLMP was measured in primary cultures of human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) and human meningeal endothelial cells (HMECs), postmortem brain samples, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with MS and controls by RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. In vitro migration assays using HBECs and HMECs were performed to evaluate the function of C...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Fournier, A. P., Zandee, S., Charabati, M., Peelen, E., Tastet, O., Alvarez, J. I., Kebir, H., Bourbonniere, L., Larouche, S., Lahav, B., Klement, W., Tea, F., Bouthillier, A., Moumdjian, R., Cayrol, R., Duquette, P., Girard, M., Larochelle, C., Arbour, N Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

MRI Characteristics of Autoimmune Encephalitis With Autoantibodies to GABAA Receptor: A Case Series
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Correction Source Type: research

Microglia as Central Protagonists in the Chronic Stress Response
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for developing psychiatric conditions. In addition to elevating the levels of stress hormones released in the body, chronic stress activates the immune system, resulting in increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and innate immune cells in the circulation of rodents and humans. Furthermore, exposure to chronic stress alters the phenotype of microglia, a population of innate immune cells that reside in the CNS parenchyma. In rodent models, chronic stress activates microglia in defined brain regions and induces changes in their phenotype and functional properties. In this review, w...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - September 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Schramm, E., Waisman, A. Tags: Review Source Type: research

Toward Precision Phenotyping of Multiple Sclerosis
The classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been established by Lublin in 1996 and revised in 2013. The revision includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting, primary progressive and secondary progressive MS, and has added activity (i.e., formation of white matter lesions or clinical relapses) as a qualifier. This allows for the distinction between active and nonactive progression, which has been shown to be of clinical importance. We propose that a logical extension of this classification is the incorporation of additional key pathological processes, such as chronic perilesional inflammation, neuroaxon...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Pitt, D., Lo, C. H., Gauthier, S. A., Hickman, R. A., Longbrake, E., Airas, L. M., Mao-Draayer, Y., Riley, C., De Jager, P. L., Wesley, S., Boster, A., Topalli, I., Bagnato, F., Mansoor, M., Stuve, O., Kister, I., Pelletier, D., Stathopoulos, P., Dutta, R Tags: Review Source Type: research

Updated Results of the COVID-19 in MS Global Data Sharing Initiative: Anti-CD20 and Other Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Severity
Discussion Analyzing the largest international real-world data set of people with MS with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 confirms that the use of anti-CD20 medication (both ocrelizumab and rituximab), as well as male sex, older age, progressive MS, and higher disability are associated with more severe course of COVID-19. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Simpson-Yap, S., Pirmani, A., Kalincik, T., De Brouwer, E., Geys, L., Parciak, T., Helme, A., Rijke, N., Hillert, J. A., Moreau, Y., Edan, G., Sharmin, S., Spelman, T., McBurney, R., Schmidt, H., Bergmann, A. B., Braune, S., Stahmann, A., Middleton, R. M. Tags: COVID-19, Multiple sclerosis, All epidemiology, Risk factors in epidemiology Research Article Source Type: research

Combined Regulatory T-Lymphocyte and IL-2 Treatment Is Safe, Tolerable, and Biologically Active for 1 Year in Persons With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
This study provides Class IV evidence that Treg infusions and IL-2 injections are safe and effective for patients with ALS. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Thonhoff, J. R., Berry, J. D., Macklin, E. A., Beers, D. R., Mendoza, P. A., Zhao, W., Thome, A. D., Triolo, F., Moon, J. J., Paganoni, S., Cudkowicz, M., Appel, S. H. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Longitudinal T-Cell Responses After a Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis on Ocrelizumab or Fingolimod
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Correction Source Type: research

GABA-A Receptor Encephalitis After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant forMultiple Myeloma: Three Cases and Literature Review
Discussion We highlight the importance of considering anti-GABAAR encephalitis in patients with seizures, multifocal nonenhancing brain lesions, and a history of aHSCT for MM. Awareness in recovered post-aHSCT patients with MM may be crucial because prompt recognition can avoid brain biopsy and delays in treatment. The rapid initiation of immunotherapy while awaiting autoantibody results will likely improve functional outcomes. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Hoshina, Y., Galli, J., Wong, K.-H., Kovacsovics, T., Steinbach, M., Salzman, K. L., McNally, J. S., Lancaster, E., Paz Soldan, M. M., Clardy, S. L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

IgG4 Valency Modulates the Pathogenicity of Anti-Neurofascin-155 IgG4 in Autoimmune Nodopathy
Discussion Our findings demonstrate that monospecific and bivalent anti-Nfasc155 IgG4 are detected in patients and that those autoantibodies are the pathogenic ones. The transformation of anti-Nfasc155 IgG4 into monovalent Fab or functionally monovalent IgG4 through FAE strongly decreases paranodal alterations. Bivalency thus appears crucial for Nfasc155 clustering and paranode destruction. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Jentzer, A., Attal, A., Roue, C., Raymond, J., Lleixa, C., Illa, I., Querol, L., Taieb, G., Devaux, J., on behalf of the anti-neurofascin-155 study group Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Cerebellar Ataxia With Anti-DNER Antibodies: Outcomes and Immunologic Features
Discussion DNER ataxia is a treatable condition in which nearly a third of patients have a favorable outcome. DNER antibodies bind to the surface of Purkinje cells and are therefore potentially pathogenic, supporting the use of B-cell–targeting treatments. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Peter, E., Do, L. D., Hannoun, S., Muniz-Castrillo, S., Vogrig, A., Wucher, V., Pinto, A.-L., Chounlamountri, N., Zakaria, W., Rogemond, V., Picard, G., Hedou, J.-J., Ambati, A., Alentorn, A., Traverse-Glehen, A., Manto, M., Psimaras, D., Mignot, E., Cott Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Heterogeneity of Acetylcholine Receptor Autoantibody-Mediated Complement Activity in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - August 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Correction Source Type: research