N2 Year in Review
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - January 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dalmau, J., Dalakas, M. C., Kolson, D. L., Paul, F., Sanchez-Valle, R., Zamvil, S. S. Tags: Editor ' s Corner Source Type: research

Remote Observational Research for Multiple Sclerosis: A Natural Experiment
Discussion Altogether, the current findings suggest that remote evaluations can reduce the costs of research participation for patients, while providing a reasonable evaluation of disability trajectory longitudinally. This could inform the design of remote research that is more inclusive of diverse participants. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Bove, R., Poole, S., Cuneo, R., Gupta, S., Sabatino, J., Harms, M., Cooper, T., Rowles, W., Miller, N., Gomez, R., Lincoln, R., McPolin, K., Powers, K., Santaniello, A., Renschen, A., Bevan, C. J., Gelfand, J. M., Goodin, D. S., Guo, C.-Y., Romeo, A. R., Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Elsberg Syndrome Secondary to Cytomegalovirus Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Discussion This case highlights that CMV primary infection can be a cause of Elsberg syndrome in immunocompetent patients. CMV testing should be discussed in these patients to initiate adequate antiviral therapy. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Lefeuvre, L., Schibler, M., Lalive, P. H. Tags: Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Neuroaxonal and Glial Markers in Patients of the Same Age With Multiple Sclerosis
Discussion In our cohort of patients of the same age, we report consistent correlations of sNfL and sGFAP with a range of metrics, especially in progressive MS, whereas contactin-1 was not related to clinical or MRI measures. This demonstrates the potential of sNfL and sGFAP as complementary biomarkers of neurodegeneration, reflected by disability, in progressive MS. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Loonstra, F. C., de Ruiter, L. R. J., Koel-Simmelink, M. J. A., Schoonheim, M. M., Strijbis, E. M. M., Moraal, B., Barkhof, F., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Teunissen, C., Killestein, J. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Comparison of Structural Changes in Nodding Syndrome and Other Epilepsies Associated With Onchocerca volvulus
Discussion This is the first study to show that cerebral and cerebellar atrophy correlated with the severity of NS disability, providing an imaging marker for these endemic epileptic disorders that until now have remained poorly characterized. Both NS and OAE have cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and the levels of Ov-associated antibodies do not seem to be related to the structural changes on MRI. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Mazumder, R., Lubowa, S. K., Salamon, N., Jackson, N. J., Kawooya, M., Akun, P. R., Anguzu, R., Ogwang, R. J., Kubofcik, J., Nutman, T., Marsh, K., Newton, C., Vincent, A., Idro, R. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Increased Percentage of CD8+CD28- Regulatory T Cells With Fingolimod Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
Discussion Fingolimod therapy markedly increases the percentage of CD8+ Treg in MS, reversing the low CD8+ Treg:CTL ratio seen in untreated MS. The increase in immune regulatory cells has potential therapeutic benefit in MS. Activation in vitro depletes CD8+CD28+CTL in patients with MS; the loss is more pronounced in older patients with MS. This suggests that inflammation can disrupt the tenuous immune regulation in MS, especially in older patients. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Houston, T. W., Howlett-Prieto, Q., Regenauer, C., Testai, F. D., Yao, F., Feng, X., Reder, A. T. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Immune-Mediated Rippling Muscle Disease Associated With Thymoma and Anti-MURC/Cavin-4 Autoantibodies
Discussion MURC/Cavin-4 autoantibodies may play a pathogenic role in paraneoplastic iRMD associated with thymoma. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Svahn, J., Coudert, L., Streichenberger, N., Kraut, A., Gravier-Dumonceau-Mazelier, A., Rotard, L., Calemard-Michel, L., Menassa, R., Errazuriz-Cerda, E., Chalabreysse, L., Osseni, A., Vial, C., Jomir, L., Tronc, F., Le Duy, D., Bernard, E., Gache, V., Co Tags: Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

MOG Antibody-Associated Disease and Thymic Hyperplasia: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings
In this report we describe a case of MOGAD associated with thymic hyperplasia in a young adult. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Hurtubise, B., Frohman, E. M., Galetta, S., Balcer, L. J., Frohman, T. C., Lisak, R. P., Newsome, S. D., Graves, J. S., Zamvil, S. S., Amezcua, L. Tags: Diagnostic [amp ] Treatment Challenges Source Type: research

miRNA Signature in CSF From Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
This study provides Class II evidence that specific miRNA profiles accurately distinguish PPMS from RRMS and other neurologic disorders. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Munoz-San Martin, M., Gomez, I., Quiroga-Varela, A., Gonzalez-del Rio, M., Robles Cedeno, R., Alvarez, G., Buxo, M., Miguela, A., Villar, L. M., Castillo-Villalba, J., Casanova, B., Quintana, E., Ramio-Torrenta, L. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Long-term Efficacy of Satralizumab in AQP4-IgG-Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder From SAkuraSky and SAkuraStar
This study provides Class II evidence that satralizumab reduces the risk of relapse in patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD beyond the first 96 weeks of treatment. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Kleiter, I., Traboulsee, A., Palace, J., Yamamura, T., Fujihara, K., Saiz, A., Javed, A., Mayes, D., Büdingen, H.-C. v., Klingelschmitt, G., Stokmaier, D., Bennett, J. L. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Neuroinflammation-Related Proteins NOD2 and Spp1 Are Abnormally Upregulated in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Discussion Our discovery-based approach identified NOD2 as a novel biomarker in ALS and adds evidence to the contribution of Spp1 in the disease process. Both proteins are involved in innate immunity and autophagy and are increased in the serum from patients with ALS. Our data support a relevant role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of the disease and may identify targets for disease-modifying treatments in ALS. Further longitudinal studies should investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of NOD2 and Spp1 in clinical practice. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: de Luna, N., Carbayo, A., Dols-Icardo, O., Turon-Sans, J., Reyes-Leiva, D., Illan-Gala, I., Jerico, I., Pagola-Lorz, I., Lleixa, C., Querol, L., Rubio-Guerra, S., Alcolea, D., Fortea, J., Lleo, A., Cortes-Vicente, E., Rojas-Garcia, R. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Early Immunotherapy and Longer Corticosteroid Treatment Are Associated With Lower Risk of Relapsing Disease Course in Pediatric MOGAD
Discussion At first attack of pediatric MOGAD, early immunotherapy, longer duration of corticosteroid treatment, and abnormal optic nerves on MRI seem associated with lower risk of relapse, whereas higher disease severity is associated with greater risk of final disability (EDSS ≥ 1). (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Nosadini, M., Eyre, M., Giacomini, T., Valeriani, M., Della Corte, M., Pratico, A. D., Annovazzi, P., Cordani, R., Cordelli, D. M., Crichiutti, G., Di Rosa, G., Dolcemascolo, V., Fetta, A., Freri, E., Gallo, P., Gastaldi, M., Granata, T., Grazian, L., Ior Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Anti-Hu Antibodies in Patients With Neurologic Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Discussion The presence of Hu-Ab identifies a subgroup of n-irAEs that consistently reproduce the phenotypes of Hu-Ab-related PNS, supporting the hypothesis of ICI triggering or unmasking PNS. As these patients show high disability and mortality, further studies are required to investigate the underlying immunopathogenic mechanisms and to improve the outcome of Hu-Ab n-irAEs. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Farina, A., Villagran-Garcia, M., Ciano-Petersen, N. L., Vogrig, A., Muniz-Castrillo, S., Taillandier, L., Michaud, M., Lefilliatre, M., Wang, A., Lepine, Z., Picard, G., Wucher, V., Dhairi, M., Fabien, N., Goncalves, D., Rogemond, V., Joubert, B., Honnor Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies Brain Endothelium Inflammatory Networks in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
In this study, we provide a landscape of the cellular heterogeneity associated with neuroinflammation. We also present important molecular insights for further exploration of specific cell processes that promote infiltration of immune cells inside the brain of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Fournier, A. P., Tastet, O., Charabati, M., Hoornaert, C., Bourbonniere, L., Klement, W., Larouche, S., Tea, F., Wang, Y. C., Larochelle, C., Arbour, N., Ragoussis, J., Zandee, S., Prat, A. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Association of Vitamin D Polygenic Risk Scores and Disease Outcome in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Discussion Genetically determined lower 25(OH)D levels were not associated with worse disease outcomes in PwMS and raises questions about the plausibility of a treatment effect of vitamin D in established MS. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Vasileiou, E. S., Hu, C., Bernstein, C. N., Lublin, F., Wolinsky, J. S., Cutter, G. R., Sotirchos, E. S., Kowalec, K., Salter, A., Saidha, S., Mowry, E. M., Calabresi, P. A., Marrie, R. A., Fitzgerald, K. C. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research