Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

High and Persistent Anti-GM1 Antibody Titers Are Associated With Poor Clinical Recovery in Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Discussion High anti-GM1 IgG and IgM antibody titers at entry and persistent high anti-GM1 IgG antibody titers are associated with poor outcome in patients with GBS. Antibody persistency indicates ongoing antibody production long after the acute disease state in GBS. Further research is required to determine whether antibody persistency interferes with nerve recovery and is a target for treatments. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Thomma, R. C. M., Fokke, C., Walgaard, C., Vermeulen-de Jongh, D. M. C., Tio-Gillen, A., van Rijs, W., van Doorn, P. A., Huizinga, R., Jacobs, B. C. Tags: Prognosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome Research Article Source Type: research

Effect of Previous Disease-Modifying Therapy on Treatment Effectiveness for Patients Treated With Ocrelizumab
This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with RMS, previous treatment with FTY compared with previous treatment with other immunomodulating therapies decreases the effectiveness of ocrelizumab. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Pfeuffer, S., Rolfes, L., Ingwersen, J., Pul, R., Kleinschnitz, K., Korsen, M., Räuber, S., Ruck, T., Schieferdecker, S., Willison, A. G., Aktas, O., Kleinschnitz, C., Hartung, H.-P., Kappos, L., Meuth, S. G. Tags: Class IV, Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Comparative Effects of Domain-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against LGI1 on Neuronal Excitability
Discussion These findings indicate an epitope-specific pathophysiology of LGI1 autoantibodies. The pronounced neuronal hyperexcitability and SFA together with dropped slope of ramp-like depolarization after LRR-targeted interference suggest disruption of LGI1-dependent clustering of K+ channel complexes. Moreover, considering the effective triggering of action potentials at the distal AIS, the altered spatial distribution of Kv1.1 channel density may contribute to these effects through impairing neuronal control of action potential initiation and synaptic integration. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sell, J., Rahmati, V., Kempfer, M., Irani, S. R., Ritzau-Jost, A., Hallermann, S., Geis, C. Tags: Autoimmune diseases Research Article Source Type: research

Lesional Antibody Synthesis and Complement Deposition Associate With De Novo Antineuronal Antibody Synthesis After Spinal Cord Injury
This study provides immunologic, neurobiological, and neuropathologic proof-of-principle for an antibody-mediated autoimmunity response emerging approximately 3 weeks after SCI in a patient subpopulation with a high demand of neuropathic pain medication. Emerging autoimmunity directed against specific spinal cord and neuronal epitopes suggests the existence of paratraumatic CNS autoimmune syndromes. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Schwab, J. M., Haider, C., Kopp, M. A., Zrzavy, T., Endmayr, V., Ricken, G., Kubista, H., Haider, T., Liebscher, T., Lübstorf, T., Blex, C., Serdani-Neuhaus, L., Curt, A., Cinelli, P., Scivoletto, G., Fehlings, M. G., May, C., Guntermann, A., Marc Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Spinal cord trauma, Cerebrospinal Fluid Research Article Source Type: research

Prolonged Corticosteroids Without Maintenance Immunotherapy for Treatment of Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: Analysis of Outcomes and Relapse Rate
Discussion Among our patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis who typically received prolonged corticosteroids without steroid-sparing maintenance immunotherapy, outcomes were generally favorable, and relapses were uncommon outside of refractory disease. Further investigation is needed to clarify the optimal corticosteroid regimen and role of steroid-sparing maintenance immunotherapy in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Alkabie, S., Budhram, A. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Encephalitis, All Clinical Neurology, All Epilepsy/Seizures Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Relapsing Encephalomyelitis After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination: From the National MS Society Case Conference Proceedings
We present a case of relapsing steroid-responsive encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent COVID-19 vaccination. We also characterize the frequency of CNS neuroinflammatory events reported in the literature after both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - April 4, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Roy, S., Barreras, P., Pardo, C. A., Graves, J. S., Zamvil, S. S., Newsome, S. D. Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Vasculitis, COVID-19, All Demyelinating disease (CNS), Transverse myelitis Diagnostic [amp ] Treatment Challenges Source Type: research

Association of Higher Ocrelizumab Exposure With Reduced Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
(Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Tags: Correction [amp ] Replacement Source Type: research

New Insights on DR and DQ Human Leukocyte Antigens in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis
We examined the clinical characteristics and HLA associations of a cohort of Israeli patients. Methods Seventeen consecutive patients with anti-LGI1E diagnosed at Tel Aviv Medical Center between the years 2011 and 2018 were included. HLA typing was performed using next-generation sequencing at the tissue typing laboratory of Sheba Medical Center and compared with data from the Ezer Mizion Bone Marrow Donor Registry, containing over 1,000,000 samples. Results Our cohort displayed a male predominance and median age at onset in the 7th decade, as previously reported. The most common presenting symptom was seizures. Notably,...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Segal‏, Y., Nisnboym, M., Regev, K., Arnon, K., Kolb, H., Fahoum, F., Aizenstein, O., Paran, Y., Louzoun, Y., Israeli, S., Loewenthal, R., Svetlitzky, N., Alcalay, Y., Raphael, I., Gadoth, A. Tags: All Immunology, Autoimmune diseases, Generalized seizures, Partial seizures, Association studies in genetics Research Article Source Type: research

Increased NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis With Fingolimod Treatment Failure
Discussion The differential effect of fingolimod on the formation of an inflammasome-triggered ASC oligomer in monocytes between responders and nonresponders could be used as a response biomarker after 6 months of fingolimod treatment and suggests that fingolimod may exert their beneficial effects by reducing inflammasome signaling in a subset of patients with MS. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Malhotra, S., Hurtado-Navarro, L., Pappolla, A., Villar, L. M. M., Rio, J., Montalban, X., Pelegrin, P., Comabella, M. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Retrospective Pediatric Cohort Study Validates NEOS Score and Demonstrates Applicability in Children With Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Discussion Our data support the applicability of the NEOS score in children with NMDARE. Although not yet validated in prospective studies, NEOS also predicted cognitive impairment in our cohort. Consequently, the score could help identify patients at risk of poor overall clinical outcome and poor cognitive outcome and thus aid in selecting not only optimized initial therapies for these patients but also cognitive rehabilitation to improve long-term outcomes. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nikolaus, M., Rausch, P., Rostasy, K., Bertolini, A., Wickström, R., Johannsen, J., Denecke, J., Breu, M., Schimmel, M., Diepold, K., Haeusler, M., Quade, A., Berger, A., Rosewich, H., Steen, C., von Au, K., Dreesmann, M., Finke, C., Bartels, F., Tags: Autoimmune diseases, Encephalitis, All Pediatric Research Article Source Type: research

TNF-Blockade for Primary Stroke Prevention in Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency: A Case Series
We present a family with multiple affected children to highlight the importance of TNF blockade not just as secondary stroke prevention but also as primary stroke prevention in genetically affected but clinically asymptomatic patients. Methods A proband with recurrent cryptogenic strokes was referred for evaluation at the NIH CC. The parents and 3 clinically asymptomatic siblings were also evaluated. Results The proband was diagnosed with DADA2 based on biochemical testing; her antiplatelet therapies were discontinued, and she was started on TNF blockade for secondary stroke prevention. Her 3 asymptomatic siblings were s...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Soldatos, A., Toro, C., Hoffmann, P., Romeo, T., Deuitch, N., Brofferio, A., Aksentijevich, I., Kastner, D. L., Ombrello, A. K. Tags: Childhood stroke, Stroke in young adults, Stroke prevention, Vasculitis, All Genetics Clinical/Scientific Note Source Type: research

Inflammatory Activity After Diverse Fertility Treatments: A Multicenter Analysis in the Modern Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Era
The objective of this study was to evaluate ARR 12 months pre-FT and 3 months post-FT in a multicenter cohort and identify factors associated with an increased risk of relapse. Methods Patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or MS aged 18–45 years with at least 1 FT from January 1, 2010, to October 14, 2021, were retrospectively identified at 4 large academic MS centers. The exposed period of 3 months after FT was compared with the unexposed period of 12 months before FT. FTs included controlled ovarian stimulation followed by fresh embryo transfer (COS-ET), COS alone, embryo transfer (ET) alone, and oral o...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Graham, E. L., Bakkensen, J. B., Anderson, A., Lancki, N., Davidson, A., Perez Giraldo, G., Jungheim, E. S., Vanderhoff, A. C., Ostrem, B., Mok-Lin, E., Huang, D., Bevan, C. J., Jacobs, D., Kaplan, T. B., Houtchens, M. K., Bove, R. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Research Article Source Type: research

Visually Evoked Potential as Prognostic Biomarker for Neuroaxonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis From a Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort
This study also provides evidence that VEP may be a useful and reliable biomarker for multicenter studies. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - March 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Oertel, F. C., Krämer, J., Motamedi, S., Keihani, A., Zimmermann, H. G., Dimitriou, N. G., Condor-Montes, S., Bereuter, C., Cordano, C., Abdelhak, A., Trip, A., Aktas, O., Meuth, S. G., Wiendl, H., Ruprecht, K., Bellmann-Strobl, J., Paul, F., Petz Tags: Prognosis, Retina, Evoked Potentials/Visual, Multiple sclerosis, Optic neuritis; see Neuro-ophthalmology/Optic Nerve Research Article Source Type: research

Antibodies Against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Are Locally Produced in the CSF and Arise During Affinity Maturation
Discussion GAD65-specific B cells are present in the CNS and represent a sizable fraction of CSF B cells early in the disease course. The anti-GAD65 response in the CSF is polyclonal and shows evidence of antigen-driven affinity maturation required for GAD65 recognition. Our data support the hypothesis that the accumulation of GAD65-specific B cells and plasma cells in the CSF is an important feature of early disease stages. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - February 23, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Biljecki, M., Eisenhut, K., Beltran, E., Winklmeier, S., Mader, S., Thaller, A., Eichhorn, P., Steininger, P., Flierl-Hecht, A., Lewerenz, J., Kümpfel, T., Kerschensteiner, M., Meinl, E., Thaler, F. S. Tags: All Immunology Research Article Source Type: research

Levels of Soluble Interleukin 6 Receptor and Asp358Ala Are Associated With Cognitive Performance and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers
In this study, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to investigate whether inheritance of a genetic variation in the IL6R gene and associated elevated sIL6R levels in plasma and CSF were associated with cognitive performance. Methods We genotyped the IL6R rs2228145 nonsynonymous variant (Asp358Ala) and assayed IL6 and sIL6R concentrations in paired samples of plasma and CSF obtained from 120 participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, or probable AD enrolled in the Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center's Clinical Core. IL6 rs2228145 genotype and measures of plasma IL6 and sIL6R were assesse...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - February 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Quillen, D., Hughes, T. M., Craft, S., Howard, T., Register, T., Suerken, C., Hawkins, G. A., Milligan, C. Tags: All Immunology, Alzheimer's disease, MCI (mild cognitive impairment), Association studies in genetics Research Article Source Type: research