Study of Energy-Metabolism Enzymes and the State of the Cardiovascular System in Elderly and Senile-Aged Patients
AbstractThe present work presents data on the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the state of the cardiovascular system in elderly and senile people who applied to the Health Zone polyclinic in Baku. Sixty people were examined for enzymopathy, and 87 people were examined with respect to the state of the cardiovascular system. The examined persons were found to have decreased myocardial blood flow and ischemic heart disease (IHD) against a background of increased PK and LDH. Statistically significant differences in enzyme activity with respect to gender and age were established, and changes i...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Asymptomatic Kidney Tumors in Elderly Patients: Review of Treatment Approaches in Russia and Western Countries
AbstractThis paper analyzes and evaluates the results of recent research on active observation strategies in North America and Europe. There are enough grounds for a more active implementation and use of this approach, which is permissible in a strictly selected category of patients, namely, in elderly patients. In Russia at the moment, the personalized approach to treatment is underdeveloped. Patients over 60 –65 years old are a significant group of patients with kidney tumors. In the determination of the tactics of the care of these patients, it is important to understand that this contingent has a greater risk of deat...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Homing of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Different Administration Routes in Old Laboratory Animals after Liver Resection
AbstractThe purpose of this research was to study the migration of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) in old laboratory animals under physiological conditions and after liver resection. In this case, different administration routes were used: in the tail vein; intraperitoneally; in the hepatic artery; and in the portal vein. Studies indicate an old body is able to respond with changes in the directed migration of MMSCs to the tissues subjected to the greatest damage. This may result from the production of a chemoattractant by the connective tissue of the damaged organ. In contrast to intraperitoneal injection, o...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Contribution of Hormones and Other Bioregulators to Tumor Ontopathogeny
AbstractThis minireview presents the contribution of estrogens and other hormones to the etiopathogenesis of tumors, as well as to the phenomena of perinatal programming/imprinting for various types of cancer. In addition, the importance of endocrine disruptors is discussed in the ontopathogeny of some oncologic diseases. The important role of stress and glucocorticoids, as referred to neoplastic growth, is highlighted. It is proposed that greater attention should be paid to the maintenance of the balance between cellular proliferation, the survival capacity of cells, and apoptosis as the basis for the bioregulation of nor...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer ’s Disease in Elderly and Senile Age
AbstractThe article deals with the important issue of the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer ’s disease in the elderly and senile-aged. The disease is viewed as an aging-associated pathological state and the main cause of senile dementia. Notwithstanding, it is not particularly commonly diagnosed in Russia as compared with dementia, for example, of vascular origin. The reason for this app ears to be not only the difficulties of in-vivo diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease but, above all, the multiplicity of pathological processes characteristic of the elderly and senile-aged. A large number of these pathologic processes,...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Absence of Photoperiodism and Digestive Enzymes in Rats: The Role of Age and the Endogenous Melatonin Level
AbstractThe effect of the prolonged absence of a photoperiodic signal (constant lighting and constant darkness) on changes in the activity of digestive enzymes in the late postnatal ontogenesis of rats is studied. Age-related alterations were characterized by a change in enzyme activity, as well as a redistribution of the functional activity between the amylo- and lipolytic links and the upper (pancreas) and lower (small intestine) divisions of the gastrointestinal tract. It was shown that, with age, the enzyme activity was affected both by an absence of photoperiodism and by a melatonin level associated with the light reg...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Current Issues of the Rehabilitation of Disabled Elderly and Senile Persons with Limb Loss due to Obliterative Arterial Disease
AbstractThe use of prosthetic and orthotic care services among patients with limb stumps due to obliterative diseases of peripheral arteries is analyzed based on the population register of limb amputations. It is established that not more than 34% of patients apply for primary prosthesis after lower limb amputation. This rate decreases among patients older than 60 years and significantly decreases among patients older than 70 years —down to 16.2%. Particularly low indicators of the use of prosthetics are revealed among women older than 70 years. In order to improve the mobility level and quality of life among this popula...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Molecular Mechanisms of Aging: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Modifications
AbstractAging is a multifactorial process characterized by a gradual loss of physiological functions, which leads to increased vulnerability of the organism to age-related diseases and, finally, to death. Several theories have been proposed to explain the nature of aging, one of which relates aging to the damage to cell structures and DNA caused by free radicals. However, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms of aging are also associated with epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, noncoding RNA and histone changes. In this review, we will analyze the significance of the results...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Hearing Loss in Adults in Older Age Groups
AbstractThere has been a steady increase in the prevalence of hearing loss among people in many countries around the world. One of the main reasons for this negative trend is the growing life expectancy and increasing proportion of the elderly people, which leads to an increase in the number of people with age-related changes in the auditory system (presbycusis). Aging is accompanied primarily by damage to the structures of the inner ear, but it can also affect the central parts of the auditory analyzer, causing disorders at all levels of the auditory neural pathway. Presbycusis is accompanied by impaired hearing and speec...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Comparative Analysis of Experimental Data on the Effects of Different Polyphenols on Lifespan and Aging
AbstractSurvival curves were approximated and analyzed based on experimental data on the effect of different polyphenolic compounds on mouse lifespan with the Gompertz model in its minimal variant, which excludes the parameters of sample heterogeneity and age-independent mortality. Vectors from the control data towards the experimental data were plotted on graphs with coordinates [log μ0 (the logarithm of initial mortality) and γ (the rate of aging)] and compared with a series of control points. The deviations were considered real when the tilt angles of the corresponding vectors differed from those of the logμ0 regress...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Adaptation to Dosed Hypoxia-Hyperoxia as a Factor in the Improvement of Quality of Life for Elderly Patients with Cardiac Pathology
AbstractThe effectiveness and safety of technology based on the principles of adaptive medicine —the interval hypoxic–hyperoxic training (IHHT) method—was studied in order to substantiate new approaches to maintain the quality of life of elderly patients with cardiac pathology. It has been proven that the use of IHHT technology for elderly people with chronic coronary artery disease in t he prescribed regime leads to a substantial increase in the subjective perception of the quality of life and psycho-emotional status and a decrease in the number of attacks of angina pectoris. This was accompanied by an increase in t...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Senior Tourism: Understanding the Essence and Practice of Organization
AbstractThe paper considers the problem of population aging and the impact of this multifaceted process on the developing tourism industry. The authors focus on the influence of population aging on the methods of the creation and the essential content of a new tourist product. The decisive role of the senior tourists ’ needs is considered separately. In addition, certain gender preferences of third-age people are noted, since it is they who create consumer demands that are becoming mandatory for the tourism industry. The new social and economic roles of senior-age people are a serious problem that urgently nee ds to be r...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Factors Associated with Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Combination with Renal Dysfunction
AbstractThe goal of the study was to analyze factors associated with vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in combination with the early stages of renal dysfunction. The study covered 338 patients with first- and second-degree COPD (including 66.9% men with a mean age of 69.4 ± 6.1 years and an average COPD duration of 18.5 ± 4.1 years and 33.1% women with a mean age of 64.8 ± 7.3 years and an average COPD duration of 12.1 ± 5.1 years). All patients were diagnosed with first- and second-degree chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition to general clinical examinations ,...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Role of Myeloperoxidase, Paraoxonase, and Nitric Oxide System in the Blood and Pericardial Fluid of Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease after Direct Myocardial Revascularization
AbstractTo study the role of paraoxonase, myeloperoxidase, arginase, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and nitric oxide in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPCS), 76 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting were examined. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, IHD patients who were not diagnosed with PPCS as a result of clinical studies, and Group 2, IHD patients who were diagnosed with PPCS. The results indicate that the postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with the inhibition of paraoxonase, the activ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Role of the Mechanosensitive Protein Piezo1 in Age-Dependent Changes in the Number of Fibroblasts and Blood Vessels in Human Skin
AbstractThe goal of the work is to study the content of the mechanosensitive protein Piezo1 in fibroblasts and blood vessels of the human dermis from embryonic development to very old age (from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 85 years) and to define the value of Piezo1 for age-related changes in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the human dermis. Piezo1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and CD31, a marker of endothelial cells, were detected in skin sections by an indirect immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that the proportion of fibroblasts with positive staining for Piezo1 in human dermis de...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
