Regularities in the Dynamics of Age-Specific Indicators of Mortality from Malignant Neoplasms in Russian Population
AbstractEvery year, more than 600 000 (617 177 in 2017) new cases of malignant neoplasms (MNPs) are registered in Russia, and annual cancer mortality exceeds 290 000 (290 622 in 2017). Malignant tumors rank second (15.9% in 2017) after cardiovascular mortality (48.8% in 2017), while success in their treatment elevated MNPs to first place in some economically developed countries. In many administrative territories of Russia, the proportion of MNP in the total mortality is 20–25%. MNPs are mass noncommunicable diseases that are most strongly associated with the age structure of the population. More than 70% (72.59...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Phytopharmacological Correction of Functional State, Hormonal Status, and Memory Performance in Patients of Different Ages with Organic Changes in Brain Vasculature
AbstractA course of medication with the Kardisten dietary supplement normalizes an elevated blood cortisol level and optimizes the activity of brain vasculature to improve the functional state and enhance short- and long-term memory performance, especially in subjects younger than 50. Kardisten evokes a more pronounced decrease of cortisol level and improves memory performance more efficiently in the case of initial organic changes in the brain vasculature as compared to advanced atherosclerosis. Kardisten activates the natural mechanisms of enhanced functional capacity in the human organism, exerts a favorable effect on m...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Biopsychosocial Model of Activating Care for Elderly and Senile Individuals at Home
AbstractDue to the introduction of new medical technologies, there is an increase in the number of people, including those of elderly and senile age, who have extended their lives but need constant care at home from medical and social services. Research on age differences in biological needs with home care found for middle-aged people, when compared with elderly and senile-aged individuals, that the greatest difficulties and the greatest contribution to a reduction of the quality of life were made by insufficient nutrition, limited independence in the performance of household manipulations due to joint damage, pain, and ot...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Problems in the Diagnostics and Treatment of Transtiretinum Amyloidosis with Heart Disease in the Elderly: Clinical Experience
AbstractThe article presents a modern understanding of the treatment of cardiac amyloidosis and provides data on the frequency of occurrence, classification, and variants of clinical manifestations of transthyretin amyloidosis. This pathology is a slowly progressive disease, the symptoms of which usually appear in elderly and senile age. This diagnosis may become more common in the future as the population ages and diagnostic methods improve. A description of the clinical case of transtritin amyloidosis of the heart in a 77-year-old patient, which occurred with a primary lesion of the heart and symptoms of chronic heart fa...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Features of Endocrine Function of the Pancreas with Aging in Nonhuman Primates with Various Types of Adaptive Behavior
AbstractAn increasing number of works study the relationship of mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there are practically no publications on the study of the relationship of the features of higher nervous activity, particularly adaptive behavior, in healthy individuals with the risk of developing age-related dysfunction of the pancreatic islet apparatus (PIA). The purpose of this study was to investigate features of the functioning of the PIA during aging in individuals with normal standard behavior (SB), as well as anxiety- and depressive-like be...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Transforming Growth Factor- β (TGF-β) in Human Skin during Aging
AbstractThe goal of the present study is to examine the level of transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) in fibroblasts and blood microvessels of the human dermis from the development until deep aging (from 20 weeks’ gestation to 85 years of age), and to determine the role of TGF-β in age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts and blood microvessels in the dermis. The contents o f TGF-β, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and endothelial cell marker CD31 are assessed with the indirect immunohistochemical technique. The results show an increase in the of the proportion of the fibroblasts stained positiv...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Motivational Inductors of Behavior as Reserves of Successful Aging
AbstractAge-related characteristics of motivational inductors of behavior and internal control, which contribute to “successful” aging, are studied. University students and elderly women (20 ± 1.1 and 65.1 ± 5.8 years, respectively) are involved in the study. The dominance of cognitive activity in the profile of motivational inductors regardless of the age and time period of self-appraisal is established. A ge differences are found for the “future” situation: increased importance of physical activity for the elderly and significantly greater importance of the “emotional state” components both in the present a...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Social Deprivation of Persons Older Than Working Age in Terms of Causes of Death Which Require Forensic Medical Examination
AbstractThe article analyzes the structure of forensic medical examinations of persons older than working age and its change during the period of improving social and economic conditions in the country. Persons whose causes of death are determined by forensic medical examination are considered as a deviant group of people who did not adapt to changing socio-cultural conditions and to age changes. This is manifested in the causes and circumstances of death (external causes, death at home without witnesses, death on street or in hospital without examination). The information on 72 324 forensic examinations of elderly resi...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Family Care as a Tool for Mitigating the Social Risks of the Elderly People in Remote Areas
The objective of the study was to analyze the foster family as a tool of the social security system for elderly persons in remote northern territories. We discuss the significance of pre-existing long-term relationships for the building and microclimate of the foster family, the relationship with the living environment as a socio-psychological support for reducing (eliminating) the risk of loneliness, and social inclusion in society through the foster family. It is noted that legally consolidated efforts of the state and family at the regional level respond more rapidly to changing needs for various types of services, taki...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Transformation of Erythrocytes in Rats of Different Ages
AbstractThe dynamics of transformation and osmotic fragility (OF) of erythrocytes in the blood of rats of different ages (6, 12, and 24 months) were studied. The indices of transformation of erythrocytes were calculated. The heterogeneity of the erythrocyte population in the blood increases with age. The proportion of both normal and highly resistant flattened discocytes decreases. The proportion of flattened discocytes is the lowest in 12-month-old rats. Correspondingly, the proportion of erythrocytes with altered shapes, both reversibly (stomatocytes) and irreversibly (spherocytes), increases with age. The transformation...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Age-Related Changes in the Functional Indices of Cardiac Mitochondria in Chronic Alcohol Intoxication in Rats
AbstractThe effect of chronic continuous consumption of 5 and 10% ethanol solutions for six months on the respiratory function and oxidant/antioxidant status in the cardiac mitochondria of rats of different gender and age is studied. A decrease in the rate of oxygen consumption by cardiomyocyte mitochondria under theV2,V3, andV4 metabolic conditions according to Chance during the activation of the respiratory chain complexes I, I + II, and II is observed in old animals (24-month-old) compared to young (11-month-old) rats. The level of the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) (malondialdehyde) in the cardiomyocyte mitochond...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Kinetic Model of Aging Biological Species in Natural Habitat
AbstractIt is found that the rate of change (kinetics) of the probability of death of representatives of living systems (LS) of different biological species —Drosophila, mice, rats, dogs, horses, and people in natural environments residing in different geographical areas—is described by a kinetic equation with similar values of the parameters. However, the kinetics of the probability of death of young people and rats, starting from birth, is more ac curately described by a kinetic equation of a slightly different type, taking into account the prevailing process of development and adaptation of the organism to the envir...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Effect of Different Types of Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic and Hormonal Parameters in Rats with a Decompensated Form of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
AbstractBariatric surgery (BS), including sleeve gastrectomy (SG), gastric bypass (GB), and ileal transposition (IT), is one of the approaches currently used for the correction of metabolic disturbances in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with obesity. However, the efficiency of these approaches and their impact on hypothalamic signaling and hormonal status in severe forms of DM2 without obesity remain poorly characterized. The aim of this work is to study the effect of IT, SG, and GB on insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in the blood and on the expression of the genes encoding the main comp...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Dose-Dependent Mechanisms of Melatonin on the Functioning of the Cardiovascular System and on the Behavior of Normotensive Rats of Different Ages
AbstractThe purpose of the work on normotensive rats of different age groups (3, 15, and 22 months) is to study the synchronism between the functioning of the cardiovascular system and the locomotor activity of animals in open field tests by a single injection of exogenous melatonin in different doses (1 and 10 mg/kg). The studies show a unidirectional dose-dependent effect of exogenous melatonin on the locomotor activity of rats of different ages and an age-dependent effect of melatonin on the parameters of the cardiovascular system. The results show the possible desynchronization between the circadian rhythms of locomoto...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Induced Liver Fibrosis Is Accompanied in Young and Old Animals by Age-Dependent Changes in Bone Marrow Cells
AbstractThe purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis stating that the functional characteristics of bone marrow cells (BMCs), such as the proliferation rate and the focus of differentiation, etc., are determined not so much by the age of animals as by some specificities in the microenvironment of the BMCs. To test this hypothesis, two techniques to change the microenvironment are used —in vivo (induction of liver fibrosis in young and old animals) and in vitro (transferal of BMCs isolated from young and old animals of both control groups and groups with fibrosis into the same standard culturing system). It is found...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
