Blood Leukocyte Indices in Male Rats of Different Ages
AbstractBlood leukocyte indices were studied in outbred male rats of five age groups: 1.5; 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Six-month-old rats served as the control. The increase in age was accompanied by an increase in the total leukocyte count (starting from 12 months) and the percentage of neutrophils (both banded and segmented), eosinophils, and monocytes. At the same time, the number of lymphocytes decreas ed. Polychromatophilic and immature cells occurred starting from the 18 months of age, and some leukocytes demonstrated cytoplasm plasmatization. In immature, 1.5-month-old rats (as in 12-month-old rats), only the propor...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Structural Changes in the Myocardium of Old Rats with Stress-Induced Arterial Hypertension
AbstractHistological changes in the myocardial structure in old rats are estimated against the background of persistent arterial hypertension in this work. The goal was to study the structural organization of myocardial tissues and vessels in animals on the 3rd, 7th, and 30th days after the development of stress-induced arterial hypertension. The experiments were carried out on 28 –30-month white outbred male rats. The pathological condition was modeled according to a patented method in a specialized cage with the combined effect of a number of stimuli (light, sound, electricity). The development of destructive and dystr...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Immunohistochemical Study of Tubulovillous Colon Adenoma in the Elderly
AbstractThe incidence of tubulovillous adenoma is higher than that of colorectal cancer. Most adenomas are likely prone to malignancy. It is often impossible to identify the adenomas that are prone to neoplasia. However, an increased adenoma size and severe dysplasia contribute to malignancy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and β-catenin in tubulovillous colon adenoma with varying degrees of dysplasia. Biopsy specimens of tubulovillous adenoma from 50 patients who underwent surgical removal were used. After resection, the adenomas were cut to the largest size so that the entire thic...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Proliferative Activity of Cells of Paravasal Connective Tissue at Different Ages
AbstractThe goal of the work was to study the age-related variability in the fibroblast proliferative activity in the paravasal connective tissue of the hollow and parenchymal organs derived from male corpses of the first mature period, elderly age, and senile age. The proliferation index was based on the expression of the Ki-67 protein (MIB-1 clone). It was found that the proliferation index in the first mature period was similar in the paravasal tissue cells of the parenchymal and hollow organs of the digestive tract. At the same time, the fibroblasts of heart paravasal tissue had the lowest proliferation activity of all...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Expression of HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins under Oxidative Stress
AbstractThe development of oxidative stress inevitably causes damage to cell proteins in need of timely refolding. The synthesis of the proteins of the heat-shock group is the most ancient and effective mechanism of cell protection. The life-long cellular adaptation to a huge number of cytotoxic factors, both of xenobiotic and natural origin, have provided heat-shock proteins with polyfunctionality: in the processes of programmed death, they act as either anti- or pro-apoptogenic factors or as regulators of the activity of these factors. The important role of heat-shock proteins in adaptation, inflammation, and immune resp...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Copy Number of the Mitochondrial DNA of Leucocytes as an Aging Marker and Risk Factors for the Development of Age-Related Diseases in Humans
AbstractThe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR. A random subset of 996 people was studied (437 men with an average age of 67.3 ± 7.2 years and 559 women with an average age of 67.6 ± 7.1 years). They were selected from a population cohort of 9360 people who were initially examined in the international HAPIEE project (2003–2005, initial age of 45–69 years) in Novosibirsk. The participants were reexamined after 12 years in 2015–2017. The average relative mtDNA copy number in women was significantly higher than in men, regardless of age and smoking status,p = 0.001. The...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Plasma D-Dimer Level as a Subclinical Marker of Thrombotic Risk in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
AbstractAged patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at high risk of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications of the disease and its treatment. A study was conducted to assess the role of the D-dimer plasma level as a marker of thrombosis in aged patients with AF having no clinical signs of active thrombosis with respect to the used treatment strategy and the quantitative thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk of AF. The results show that the D-dimer plasma levels correlate with the scores of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risks in groups on antiplatelet agents but not anticoagulants, with the difference in D-dimer le...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Effect of Arterial Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia on the Remodeling of Articular Cartilage and the Development of Osteoarthritis (Experimental Study)
AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative inflammatory disease of the synovial joints associated with age, cardiovascular comorbidity, and other factors. It is based on articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB) damage. Recent studies have shown that age-related changes, cardiovascular diseases, and OA may have a few common molecular mechanisms. At the same time, the conditions and the degree of influence of arterial hypertension (AH) and hyperlipidemia (HL) on joint tissues remain unclear. The goal of the study is to analyze the effect of AH and HL on the processes of cellular stress, AC remodeling, and OA de...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Perimenopausal Melatonin Deficiency Syndrome in a System of Personalized Management for the Quality of Life of Women with Climacteric Syndrome
AbstractThe goal of our study is to search for diagnostic tools for the early detection of prenosological melatonin deficiency in postmenopausal women and women in menopausal transition with climacteric syndrome to establish effective personalized prevention and treatment programs. The study involved 221 women. They were divided into four groups: group 1 included 39 women in menopausal transition with climacteric syndrome, group 2 had 104 menopausal women with climacteric syndrome, group 3 included 41 women with physiological menopause, and group 4 consisted of 37 healthy women of reproductive age. The study was conducted ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Effect of High-Dose Metformin on the Metabolic Parameters and Functional State of the Liver of Agouti Mice with Melanocortin Obesity
AbstractThe effectiveness of high-dose metformin (MF) for the treatment of endocrine and oncological diseases has been shown in recent years. However, the use of high-dose MF may be associated with lactic acidosis and liver dysfunctions. The goal of the work was to study the effect of long-term (10-day) oral administration of a relatively high dose of MF (600 mg/kg per day) to yellowC57Bl/6J (Ay/a)Agouti line mice with melanocortin-type obesity on liver function, which was evaluated based on the hepatocyte morphology and steatosis severity, the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic factors, and the aminotransferase acti...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Mechanosensitive Yes-Associated Protein in Human Skin during Aging
AbstractThe goal of this work was to examine the level of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the fibroblasts and blood microvessels of human dermis from development until deep aging (from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 85 years old) and to define the role of YAP in age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts and blood microvessels in the dermis. YAP, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), endothelial-cell marker CD31 were detected with an indirect immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that the proportion of dermal fibroblasts positively stained for YAP steadily decreased from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 40 ye...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Melatonin Effects in Young and Aging Mice with the Toxic Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination
AbstractThe following indices were assessed in 3 –5-month old and 15–17-month old 129/Sv mice treated with cuprizone and melatonin: the number of activated T-lymphocytes, macrophages, neural stem cells (determined by CD3, Mac1, and nestin markers), structurally unchanged neurons, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain, the blood level of the thymic hormone thymulin, and the behavioral indices. The animals were fed with cuprizone for 3 weeks. From the eighth day of cuprizone treatment, mice were injected with melatonin (1 mg/kg, at 6 p.m. daily). The results demonstrated an increase in...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Stress-Induced Pathology and Accelerated Aging
AbstractA study involving 317 former combatants aged 24 to 69 years was carried out. The goal of the study was to identify patterns of the age dynamics of stress-induced pathology in combatants to develop a concept of their accelerated aging as a final component of the consequences of combat stress. It turned out that, with respect to the period of impact of combat stress factors and the age, the first manifestations concerned the pathology of the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract, and arterial hypertension, followed by cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis. Posttraumatic stress disorder was ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Immunophysiological Indicators in Elderly Teachers in the School-Year Dynamics
AbstractThe preservation of the health of participants in the educational process and the performance of comprehensive diagnostic measures with laboratory and instrumental methods occupy a significant place in a number of biomedical studies. The goal of the present work was to study the state of cellular factors of innate and adaptive immunity, IL-1 β, 1α, IFN-γ cytokines, hormones, and autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm in elderly teachers in the school-year dynamics. The indices of spectral analysis of the heart rhythm (n = 50) at the beginning of the school year (background level) and after 5 and 9 months were ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Laboratory Diagnostics of Ovarian Cancer among the Elderly Based on the Parameters of Immunoglobulins and Phagocytic Activity of Blood
AbstractNew diagnostic methods are being sought for ovarian cancer due to its higher prevalence, which is the result of an increase in the share of elderly women. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content and sensitivity of immunoglobulins and the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood in order to improve the diagnostics of ovarian cancer among elderly women. The phagocytic activity and the immunoglobulin level in the peripheral blood were assessed with immunological and spectrophotometric methods in 78 patients with ovarian cancer aged 65 –70 years. The control group comprised 42 women of the same age with n...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
