Where Does the Preston Curve Lead Us?
AbstractWorld Bank and Russian Federal State Statistics Service data were used to analyze cross-country correlations between life expectancy (LE) and per capita gross domestic product (GDP). The trends detected upon comparisons across different countries (the Preston curve) or regions of the Russian Federation (RF) in 2015 were compared. In addition, the correlations between the same parameters related to different years, from 1960 to 2015, were examined in each of several selected countries representing the upper and lower extremes of GDP and LE. The same has been done with LE vs. per capita health care spending (HCS). In...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Study on the Mental and Emotional Status in Senior Patients with Confirmed Cancer Diagnosis
AbstractThe article presents the results of research evaluating the mental and health status of patients with a malignant tumour diagnosis, both in single patients and those with family support. The research results showed differences in mood, health and general activity, anxiety state, and aggression. The results can be considered in the preparation of senior patients for operation and during the postoperative period for psychological support, a reduction of the length of stay, and minimization of complications. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Disadaptive Disorders of Regulation of Functions with Aging
AbstractThis review examines the basic theories of aging, which show the irreversibility of this process that leads to the death of cells and the body. The hypotheses of phenoptosis and apoptosis are discussed, as well as the view that disadaptation initiates free radical oxidation reactions and violates the neurohumoral regulation of functions. The review briefly examines the mechanisms of the development of age-related diseases. The hypothesis that partial adaptation and disadaptation are transitional biological processes associated with aging is proposed. A regularity that manifests itself in a reduction of the function...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Regression of Survival Variance on Cohort Age in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Impact of Geroprotective Effects
AbstractStandard survival analysis involves consideration of the proportion of live individuals in the cohort at a specific time point. We propose to analyze the dependence of survival variance on cohort age. This approach allowed us to identify several age periods in the ontogenesis ofDrosophila melanogaster. The first two are approximated by an exponential equation, and the later ones are approximated by a sigmoid curve. The parameters of these curves can be changed under short-term (11 days) and long-term (22 days) exposure to low temperature, as well as with the addition of Cytoflavin to the nutrient medium. The propos...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Prospects for the Use of Genome-Editing Technology to Correct Neurodegenerative Diseases
AbstractThe review analyzes the results of modern studies that involve gene therapy methods for the correction of neurodegenerative diseases. Approaches based on gene-editing technologies and their prospective use in medicine are considered. There may be limitations to the use of the genome-editing tools in the treatment of these pathologies due to features of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Neurochemical and Morphological Changes in the Microstructures of the Compact Part of the Substantia Nigra of the Human Brain in Aging and Parkinson ’s Disease (Literature Review)
AbstractIn research on the pathogenetic patterns of Parkinson ’s disease, it is important to adequately assess the mechanisms of age-related involution and morphological changes that form in the brain during this process. The clinical symptoms detected in Parkinson’s disease (rigidity, hypokinesia, tremor) indicate the involvement of nigrostriatal brain st ructures in the pathological process due to the death of dopamine neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra. At the same time, a loss of these neurons, as well as a change in the number of neuroglia cells in the substantia nigra of the brain, are detected n...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Seasonal Dynamics of Physiological Parameters in Elderly Men Living in the European North of Russia
AbstractThe study of physiological processes in elderly people, especially in the chronobiological aspect, is of current interest. The subjects of the study were a group of elderly inhabitants (n = 18, average age 69.3 ± 6.5 years) of a nursing house (Syktyvkar, 61°04″ NL) who were surveyed 4 times within a year. The goal of the work is to study the dynamic of the physiological parameters (anthropometric, cardio-respiratory, psychophysiological, etc.) of elderly people in different seasons of the year in the E uropean North of Russia. Our results showed that living conditions and age-related changes in the organism mod...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Prospects in the Search for Peptides for Specific Regulation of Aging
AbstractThe interspecies differences in the mean lifespan and the composition of transposon sequences, the tissue- and stage-specific activation of which plays a role in the management of the cell differentiation process, allows the assumption that the regular processes that underlie aging are determined by the dysfunction of species-specific mobile elements. The presented literature data confirm this assumption and the key role of transposons in the regulation of gene expression during ontogenesis. The silencing mechanisms of mobile elements (which are depleted) are activated in terminally differentiated cells. This leads...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Age-Related Changes in Sympathetic Innervation of the Stomach in Rats
AbstractSympathetic innervation of the stomach is carried out by the prevertebral ganglia of the solar plexus. The localization and neurochemical composition of neurons innervating the stomach in the postnatal ontogenesis of rats have been studied by the method of retrograde axon transport of Fast Blue. In all animals, the celiac ganglia had more labeled neurons than the superior mesenteric ganglion. The number of labeled neurons increased in the first ten days of life and then did not change until senescence. All labeled neurons innervating the stomach contain tyrosine hydroxylase, the catecholamine synthesis enzyme. The ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Impact of the Transplantation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Liver Resection on Blood Biochemical Parameters in Mature and Old Laboratory Animals
AbstractThe goal of this study is to examine the effect of the transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) on blood biochemical parameters after liver resection in mature and old laboratory animals. The studies show the ability of old laboratory animals to respond to MMSC transplantation after liver resection by reducing the severity of hepatocyte cytolysis. Comparative analysis of the biochemical parameters of mature and old laboratory animals after liver resection has revealed a more pronounced response in the liver ability to synthesize urea in mature animals. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Effect of Tryptophan and Kynurenine on Cell Proliferation in Tissue Culture of the Cerebral Cortex in Young and Old Rats
AbstractMetabolism disorders ofL-kynurenine, which is an intermediate product of the decomposition of genetically encodedL-tryptophan amino acid, is a component in the development of a number of neuropathological processes. The effect of tryptophan and kynurenine on cell proliferation has been studied in the organotypic culture of cerebral cortex tissue in young and old rats. Tryptophan at an effective concentration (0.05 ng/mL) oppressed cell proliferation in the cerebral cortex in young and old rats by 35 and 18%, respectively. However, cell proliferation was stimulated under the action of kynurenine (1 ng/mL), and it wa...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Prospects of the Application of Buccal Epithelium for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease in People of Different Ages
AbstractCardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis are one of the most important social and economic problems in many countries of the world due to the high morbidity and mortality rate of the working population. An immunological theory of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been actively developed of late, and markers of inflammation characterizing immuno- and atherogenesis have been sought. The buccal epithelium (BE) can be used as biological material for in vivo molecular-cellular studies, allowing CHD diagnosis via inflammation markers. The purpose of the work was a comparative study of the expr...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Dynamics and Structure of Primary Disability in Retirement-Age Citizens Applying to the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of St. Petersburg in 2006 –2017
This article presents data on primary disability at working and retirement ages obtained from a survey of citizens by the General Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of St. Petersburg during the period 2006 –2017. The features of the level, structure, dynamics, and distribution by groups of disability at retirement age are shown. There was a significant increase in the disability level in 2007, with a progressive decline to 2011 and a gradual decline to 2017. During the study period, there was a redi stribution of retirement-age individuals who were recognized for the first time as disabled by disability groups—the ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2018 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Influence of Peptides on the Morphofunctional State of Kidneys in Old Rats
AbstractMore than a quarter of the elderly and senile age population suffers from kidney pathology. For this reason, a prophylaxis of kidney diseases with safe and effective nephroprotectors is a priority of gerontology. This work studies the influence of the polypeptide kidney complex (PKC) and peptides AED, EDL, and AEDG, on the functional state of kidneys in old rats. The administration of the PKC and peptides AED and EDL increased diuresis by 1.2 –1.4 times. The PKC and peptide AED reduced the urine protein level and protein excretion by 1.5–2.8 times. The PKC and peptides AED and EDL increased distal sodium transp...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2018 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Ontogenetic Characteristics of Patients with Erectile Dysfunction with Different Types of Aging
AbstractAge-related erectile dysfunction (ED) can form during ontogenesis in accordance with various mechanisms of the pathogenesis of aging in conjunction with a particular cluster of diseases. The goal of this work is to study the ontogenetic features of ED patients in late ontogeny who vary by types of aging. The study comprised 65 men over 45 years old with an explicit form of ED. The first group consisted of patients with general somatic diseases (GSDs) following the accumulative model of aging, and the second group included patients with age-associated diseases (AADs) that arose primarily from the ontogenetic model o...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - December 31, 2018 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
