Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Reserve: Points of Contact
AbstractThe high risk of cognitive disorders in elderly and senile people necessitates the search, on the one hand, for their causes, and on the other, for the possibility of their prevention. Thus, the concept of cognitive reserve, which implies a set of quantitative parameters of the brain and its ability to maintain high functional activity during aging and against the background of the age-related brain pathology, has become widespread in recent years. The material presented in the article is based on a review of the scientific literature and highlights two main points concerning the possibility of the preservation of ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - October 1, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (ARNT) in Human Skin with Aging
AbstractThe goal of this study was to examine the content of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) in fibroblasts of human dermis from 20 weeks of pregnancy to the age of 85 years and to define the role of ARNT in age-dependent changes in the fibroblast number in the dermis. ARNT and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected with an indirect immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that the proportion of fibroblasts with positive staining for ARNT in the dermis gradually decreased from 20 weeks of pregnancy to the age of 40 years. There is a sharp increase in the percentage of ARNT-po...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - October 1, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Challenges in the Creation of Regional Geriatric Services
AbstractThe article describes the current state of geriatric care in the Russian Federation at the stage of the formation of a three-level model of geriatric-care management services. It highlights challenges in the organization of geriatric services at a regional level, including the problem of training personnel with appropriate skills and instances of a negative attitude in the young-old people towards geriatric departments and geriatrics in general. The study proposes measures to improve the work in this direction. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - October 1, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Menopausal Therapy: Modern View of the Problem
AbstractThe persistent, modern trend of increasing average life expectancy dictates the need to implement an antiaging strategy, one of the components of which for women is menopausal therapy. The protective effect of menopausal therapy for the cardiovascular system upon its use before the age of 60 years has been proven. The low frequency of use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in Russia is mainly associated with the hormone-phobia of patients and doctors, especially with oncological risk. However, the data published in recent years have demonstrated a low risk of cancer of the breast, ovaries, cervix, and endometrium,...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Characteristics of Fibrosis and Collagen Metabolism Disorders in the Myocardial Interstitial Matrix of Patients with Arterial Hypertension and the Potential Use of Sartan Drugs for Their Treatment
AbstractThe chronic extension of heart and blood-vessel walls due to hypertension leads to metabolic disorders in their interstitial matrix. To assess involutive and hypertensive changes in the cardiac and vascular interstitial matrix and to assess the their potential correction with Valsartan and Veroshpiron, 30 normotensive elderly women and 30 patients of the same age with stage-II arterial hypertension (AH) have been examined. Echocardiography and Doppler cardiography were carried out, the volume fraction of interstitial collagen (VFIC) in the myocardium and cardiovascular conjugation (CVC) was measured, and the serum ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Diagnostic Criteria and Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the Elderly
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in people over 65 years of age and to analyze the instrumental and functional methods of the examination of skeletal muscle in the elderly. We carried out a case-control study of 230 participants aged 65 years and older, with an average age of 74 ± 6.5 years. Patients were divided into three age groups: first, 65–74 years old; second, 75–84 years old; third, 85 years and older. The muscle mass was calculated according to the index of appendicular muscle mass (AMM/m2) adjusted for patient ’s height, which was determined via dual-energy X-r...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Heat-Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) in Age-Dependent Changes in the Fibroblast Number in Human Skin
AbstractThe goal of this work was to study the content of heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) in fibroblasts of the human dermis, from embryonic development to extreme age (from 20 weeks of gestation to 85 years old), and to determine the role of HSP90 in age-dependent changes in fibroblast number in the human dermis. HSP90 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected in skin sections with the indirect immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the proportion of dermal fibroblasts with the positive staining for HSP90 remains constant in human skin from 20 weeks of gestation to 20 years old. From the age o...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Immunohistochemistry Data on the Structural and Functional Changes in the Vascular Endothelium of the Heart of Old Rats
AbstractThe goal of the study was to investigate the morphofunctional changes of the vascular endothelium in different parts of the heart of aging rats with the immunohistochemical detection of von Willebrand factor (vWF). Reactive, dystrophic, and pathological changes in endotheliocytes (ECs) in different parts of the heart of old (18 –23 months) rats were identified for the first time with an immunohistochemical marker, vWF. They were most strongly expressed in the endothelium of the arterial vessels of the aortic root, the coronary arteries of the epicardium, and the sinusoidal and true capillaries of atrial and ventr...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Plasmalogens in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Age-Specific Diseases
AbstractThe pathogenesis of age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, Parkinson ’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Impairment of redox homeostasis is accompanied by the development of peroxisome dysfunction and impaired biosynthesis of plasmalogens, which may be associated with aging and the development of age-d ependent pathology. Plasmalogens, which reflect the functional activity of peroxisomes, can serve not only as potential biomarkers of diseases associated with oxidative stress and aging but also as an important therapeutic ta...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
U-133, a Chaperone Inducer, Eliminates Sleep Disturbances in a Model of the Preclinical Stage of Parkinson ’s Disease in Aged Rats
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease that is closely associated with aging. It is considered incurable due to its late diagnosis and the use of symptomatic treatment, which cannot alter the molecular mechanisms of sleep disruption nor the neurodegenerative processes that develop with aging and PD progression. The present study assesses the therapeutic potential of a novel chaperone inducer, U-133 (acetyl 2,3,7-tris-O-glucoside echinochrome), in the preclinical stage of PD modelled in aged rats via inhibition of the proteasomal system in the brain. U-133 is a derivative of ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Stimulating Effect of the Water-Soluble Fraction from Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus Extract on Cell Proliferation in the Tissue Culture of Young and Old Rats
AbstractThe influence of the F-55 water-soluble fraction of brown algae extractFucus vesiculosus on the development of organotypic tissue culture of various origins from three germ layers in young and old rats was studied. The F-55 preparation has a stimulating effect on the processes of cell proliferation in tissues of ecto-, ento- and mesodermal genesis (cerebral cortex, myocardium, spleen, and liver) by regulating the processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The revealed strengthening of regeneration processes in explants from both young and old rats under the influence of the F-55 preparation in ultra-low concent...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Initiation of Pharmacotherapy as a Risk Factor of Falling in Older Patients
AbstractThe paper presents literary and original data on the problems of falling for elderly patients. The relationship between the occurrence of a fall and the initiation of drug therapy with a known negative effect on the risk of falling is considered. Data on the frequency and structure of falls by patients with cardiovascular diseases over the age of 75 who received treatment at a multidisciplinary hospital are presented. The data analysis showed a tendency of fall prevalence: a fall was observed in 33.8% of patients in the first 5 days of the hospital stay. This may be associated with a high drug burden and the prescr...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
An Experiment on Age-Related Characteristics of the Reaction of Lung Tissue and Surfactant to Hypobaric Hypoxia and Hyperbaric Hyperoxia
AbstractA comparative analysis of morphometric changes in lung tissue was carried out in an experiment on white rats of different postnatal age (4 weeks, 2 months, and 24 months) with a simultaneous estimation of surfactant stability during exogenous hypoxia and hyperbaric oxygenation. The morphometric indices were studied and the total morphological pattern of lung tissue was described via light microscopy and systemic quantitative analysis, and the stability of the alveolar-lining complex was estimated with the Pattl method. The studies demonstrated that a complex of structural changes develops after a hypo- and hyperoxi...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Premature Aging in Sleep Apnea Comorbid Obesity Persons
AbstractThe goal of the work was to assess the role of pathological changes in cerebral hemodynamics in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its comorbid association with obesity in premature aging. Concentric –eccentric remodeling of the common carotid artery wall, the hyperconstrictor variant of cerebral angiopathy, the depletion of compensatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow autoregulation, the restriction of hemodynamic reserve with a narrowing “corridor” of admissible changes in cerebral per fusion was established in patients with comorbid respiratory disturbances and obesity. The biological ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Hormonal Characteristics of Androgen Status in Males of Different Age Groups
AbstractMales (n = 374) aged 20 –69 years were divided into five age groups and examined: first group was aged 20–29 years; the second, 30–39 years; the third, 40–49 years; the fourth, 50–59 years; and the fifth, 60–69 years. The average content of total testosterone in the blood serum in all males was 16.1 ± 7 nmol/L . Hormonal traits of androgen deficiency, the frequency of which increased with age, were detected in males of the second group as compared with those of the first group. The frequency of androgen deficiency (total testosterone level<12.1 nmol/L) in the first group was 26.9%; it did not differ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
