Prevalence and Intensity of Smoking in Older Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Living in the Extreme North
AbstractThis paper analyzes the prevalence and intensity of smoking and its correlation with other risk factors of coronary artery disease among patients with chronic coronary artery disease aged 60 years and over living in the extreme North on the basis of ethnicity, age, and gender. A dependence of smoking on age is observed in non-indigenous patients. Smoking is less prevalent among women compared to men and among long-livers in comparison with the elderly and senile age. High intensity and long history of smoking are revealed in both ethnic groups of male patients. The average smoking history of smokers at the time of ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Changes in the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in the Blood Plasma and Serum of Rats during Postnatal Development and Aging
AbstractThe activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in plasma and serum of Wistar rats during postnatal ontogeny and aging is studied. A combination of various substrates is used for assessment of the enzymatic activity. During the period of milk nutrition, since the beginning of the consumption of solid food, GPx activity is rapidly increasing and almost reaches the adult level by 1.5 months. Enzyme activity remains stable in adulthood and has long been high in aging rats. A decrease in GPx activity around 23 –26 months of age is revealed, with reduced homocysteine (but not with reduced glutathione) as a GPx substrate....
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Gender Specificity of the Effect of Neonatal Melatonin Administration on Lifespan and Age-Associated Pathology in 129/ Sv Mice
AbstractMelatonin is subcutaneously administered in a single dose of 1.2 μg to 129/Sv mice at days 3, 5, and 7 after birth, and the mice are observed until natural death. In adult males, a decrease in the body weight and a reduction of the contribution of lung lesions detected during postmortal autopsy to mortality are detected. In adult females, an increase in the proportion of mice with impaired estrous cycle at the later stages of life and an acceleration of the mortality associated with uterine hemangioma are observed with the absence of any effect of melatonin on the body weight. Changes in the frequency of detection...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Morphochemical Changes in the Human Striatum in Aging
AbstractAge-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson ’s disease, are characterized by a group of pathomorphological signs, such as neuronal death in certain brain structures, gliosis, and iron accumulation. However, literature data confirm that these signs can also be observed in normal (physiological) aging. The aim of the study is to evaluate qual itative and quantitative morphochemical changes in neurons and neuroglia in the human striatum in physiological aging, as well as changes in the localization of iron(II) compounds. It is found that neuronal cell bodies become significantly smaller in size at ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Analysis of Indicators of Primary and Repeated Disability due to Eye Diseases in People of Retirement Age in the Russian Federation and in Moscow
AbstractThis paper analyzes the dynamics of primary and secondary disability due to eye diseases in people of retirement age in the Russian Federation and Moscow for the period 2007 –2016. The main medical and social indicators in disabled people of retirement age are defined. A comparative analysis of primary and repeated disability in the Russian Federation and Moscow is performed. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Medical Rehabilitation System for Senior Patients with Severe Craniocerebral Injury in the Megalopolis
AbstractThe capacity of comprehensive standardized stepped medical rehabilitation is assessed in 469 patients who underwent surgical procedures for severe craniocerebral injury in Saint Petersburg hospitals in 2010 –2017. As a result of the neurorehabilitation system, the incidence rates of infectious and inflammatory complications associated with physical inactivity significantly declined. The average number of bed days decreased from 34 ± 5 to 23 ± 4 days. At the time of discharge from the neurosurgical hospital, the Barthel index (BI) of activities of daily living (ADL) was 42 ± 8 points. After inpatient rehabilita...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Features of the Formation of Disability due to Coronary Heart Disease in People of Retirement Age in the Russian Federation in the Period 2006 –2017
AbstractThe article analyzes the structure and dynamics of disability due to coronary heart disease in the Russian Federation among the retirement-age population in the period 2006 –2017. The prevalence of retirees in the disability structure in all years of the study is revealed. Their total number is large, 2.3 million people over 12 years, and is constantly decreasing in dynamics. The level of disability in this age group is high; the average annual level is 61.5 per 10  000 people of the corresponding age; in the first years of the study it is much less than the level of middle-aged disabilities, but in recent year...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Taxonomic and Ethnical Dispersion of the Phenomenon of Pineal Concretions in the Gerontological Context
AbstractThe pineal gland (PG), or epiphysis, is involved in the organization of biological rhythms and adaptive reactions of the organism by the hormone melatonin. It is shown that various factors can influence the morphology and functional activity of the gland. Calcified concretions (corpora arenacea, brain sand) are unique biomineral structures of the PG; the causes of their formation and their possible functional significance have been unclear until now. To date, concrements have been found in four species of birds and 21 mammalian species, as well as in humans; they are absent in fish, amphibians, and reptiles. In thi...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Effects of Cloudberry Fruit Extract on Drosophila melanogaster Lifespan and Stress Resistance
AbstractWe previously demonstrated that carotenoids increase the lifespan of model organismsDrosophila melanogaster andCaenorhabditis elegans. This work studies the effect of the extract of cloudberry fruits (which is characterized by a relatively high content of carotenoids and widely used for food in the north) on lifespan parameters and resistance to various types of stress in theDrosophila melanogaster flies. It is demonstrated that cloudberry extract increased median lifespan and the age of 90% mortality in females up to 11 –19%, and it decreased the population aging rate in them by 13%. At the same time, the effect...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Role of Constant Light Exposure in Various Periods of Postnatal Ontogenesis in the Development of Pathology and Mortality in Male Rats
AbstractThe goal of the work is a comparative study of the effect of constant illumination depending on the time of onset of exposure (from one month to 14 months of age) on the development of a number of oncological and age-related diseases in male rats. The results of the study show that a decrease in the functional activity of the pineal gland under the influence of constant illumination from one month of age increases the incidence of inflammatory, nontumor, and tumor genesis and leads to the rapid development of age-related pathology. Conversely, rat maintenance in constant light mode from 14 months of age slows the d...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Quality of Life and Physical Activity among Elderly and Old People
This article presents the results of the identification of the main causes of physical inactivity among the elderly and an assessment of the effectiveness of the inclusion of regular Nordic walking in the preventive system for the elderly in order to improve the quality of life. A comparative analysis of the quality of life was conducted for elderly and old people regularly engaged in Nordic walking (intervention group) and those leading a physically passive lifestyle (control group). It was established that regular physical activity allows improvement of the quality of life and positively affects health in the studied gro...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Parkinson ’s Disease and Aging
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is one of the most severe human neurodegenerative diseases. It is mainly represented by its sporadic form with a multifactorial nature and is commonly diagnosed in persons over 65 years of age. Current data on the molecular mechanisms of PD development and their connection with ag ing processes are given in the review. The mechanisms of conformational control and selective degradation of proteins in the cell, as well as possible trigger factors initiating the cascade of pathological reactions, have been analyzed. Prospects for the solution of the problem of the elimination of basic caus...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Correlation between the Melatonin Level and Indicators of Aging and Fibrosis in Men in the European Part of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
AbstractThe results of correlation analysis between urine level of melatonin metabolite (6-sulfatoxymelatonin, 6-SMT) in urine and indicators of aging, interstitial fibrosis, and the antioxidant defense system in men in the Arctic are presented. A moderate negative correlation was found for 6-SMT with calendar age, biological age, and thep16INK4a, leucocyte molecular marker of aging. A correlation of 6-SMT with fibrosis indices was found. It is manifested by a negative correlation with sulfated glycosaminoglycans in urine, with collagen markers (free hydroxyproline, peptide-bound hydroxyproline, and total hydroxyproline). ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Stimulation of Cognitive Abilities in Aged Macaques via Moderate Hypobaric Hypoxia
AbstractThe importance of research on neurological and mental changes in aged nonhuman primates, in particular, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), is due to their genetic and physiological similarity with humans, which makes them preferable to rodents in preclinical studies of age-dependent cognitive decline correction. In this paper, we study the behavior of three older monkeys in solving a conditioned reflex task of image differentiation. The obtained values of several cognitive characteristics were compared with those determined for the same subjects in their youth more than 15 years ago. It is shown that aging in the ex...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Decrease in the Basal and Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Agonist –Stimulated Testosterone Production in Aging Male Rats
AbstractIn the course of aging, the steroidogenic function of the testes weakens and their gonadotropin sensitivity decreases. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The goal of this work was to study the stimulating effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and TP03, a low molecular weight agonist of luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG receptor, on testosterone production and the expression of steroidogenic proteins in young (3-month-old) and aging (15-month-old) male rats and to investigate the activity of the adenylyl cyclase system in the membranes isolated from the rat testes. Treatment with hCG (100 Â...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
