The Strategic Objectives of Russia and Japan ’s Experience in the Creation of Jobs for Citizens of a New Age of Labor Capacity: Economic and Legal Research
AbstractAn increase in the duration of employment cannot but entail the consequences that objectively reflect the realities of the labor market for the category of workers of preretirement age. Analysis of the situation in the labor market in modern economic realities makes it possible to single out the global problem of the obtainment and preservation of a job for the category of workers aged 50+. The prospects of its growth by the end of the transition period of change in the retirement age are discussed by experts from different areas of industry. At the same time, there is currently an increase in the number of people ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Age-Related Physiological and Pathophysiological Features of the Masticatory Apparatus in Adults
AbstractAge-related physiological and pathophysiological features of the masticatory apparatus were studied via electrodontometry, estesiometry, electrogustometry, and the determination of thresholds and functional mobility of taste receptors of the tongue. The study was based on an evaluation of the condition of organs and tissues of the masticatory apparatus in 275 (69 men and 206 women) individuals aged from 25 to 86 years, including 74 elderly and senile individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2, chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases, alcoholism, and chronic kidney disease. It was found that the thr...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Age-Related Dynamics of the Indicators of Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate, and Purin Metabolism and the Level of Pituitary Hormones in the Blood of Healthy, 22- to 55-Year-Old Men
AbstractThe levels of total protein, glucose, cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, uric acid, and hormones of the anterior pituitary gland (prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone) were analyzed in the serum of 60 healthy men aged 22 –55 years. The blood pressure was measured, and the body-mass index (BMI) was calculated for each participant. To assess the age-related dynamics of the parameters, groups of young (up to 35 years old) and middle-aged (over 35 years old) participants were formed according to the classification ado pted at the Inte...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Use of Geroprotective Agents (mTOR Inhibitors) in the Treatment of Cancer Patients
AbstractThe review discusses experimental and clinical data from recent decades on the use of geroprotective agents of the mTOR inhibitor group for the main and accompanying treatment of cancer patients. The mTOR protein kinase is an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple cancers with both mTOR inhibitors themselves (rapamycin and its derivatives) and in combination with inhibitors of other pathways (e.g., metformin). mTOR inhibitors, which are not classical cytostatic agents and do not possess carcinogenic activity, show great promise as independent antitumor agents and in combination with convention...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 30, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Psychophysiological Signs of Aging in F 1 (C57BL/6 × DBA/2) Mice
AbstractThe psychophysiological signs of aging were studied inF1 (C57BL/6 × DBA/2) mice at the age of 3, 7, and 14 months. It was found that cognitive abilities, memory, and spatial orientation in all animals did not depend on age; they were able to form a four-link, food-getting habit. The instability of behavior in the form of the periodic reproduction of mistaken and irrational decisions found in all mice at the stereotyping stage was determined by the characteristics of basic neural processes: increased excitability and weak inhibition. It was found that a consistent reduction of the excitation phase with aging caused...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Identification of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mitochondria-Associated Genes Capable of Affecting the Development of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats
AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) is a heterogeneous myocardial disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations, and the risk of its development increases with age against the background of myocardial changes that are characteristic of aging. The contribution of the genetic component to the development of HC is obvious; however, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear in 50% of cases. The goal of the study was to search for single-nucleotide polymorphisms in mitochondria-associated genes, which can contribute to the development of myocardial hypertrophy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats, ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Effects of Hyper- and Hypothermia on Hemodynamic Parameters in People of Different Age Groups: Meta-Analysis
AbstractAge-related changes in thermoregulation occur due to deterioration of the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system, which is caused by remodeling of the vascular wall and myocardium, reduced capillary density, changes in the synthesis and clearance of neurotransmitters and vasoactive substances, and the inhibition of the autonomic mechanisms of regulation of the hemodynamic parameters. A common method to simulate hyper- and hypothermal conditions is to use a suit with tubes filled with water at different temperatures. The goal of this work was to conduct a meta-analysis of the hemodynamic parameters shifts in...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Characteristics of Changes in Lipid Peroxidation and Na + /K + -ATPase Activity in the Cortex of Old Rats in Conditions of Two-Vessel Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion
AbstractThe success of studies on the neuroprotective properties of compounds depends on the used model of diseases of the central nervous system on animals. The approaches widely used to model cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were developed on young animals and may not be as efficient or may not be suitable at all for modeling on old animals, which are recommended for preclinical trials. The goal of the study was to detect age-related features of the effect of cerebral reperfusion of different duration (1 and 3 h) after two-vessel forebrain ischemia on the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and the activity of Na+/K+...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Possibilities of Ultrasound Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of ultrasonic diagnosis of sarcopenia in elderly and senile patients suffering from heart failure. All patients (63 individuals, average age 77.2 ± 7.7 years) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 31 patients (FNIH Sarcopenia Project, 2014). Areas of the shoulder muscle (m. biceps brachii), thigh muscle (m. rectus femoris), and three forearm muscles (m. brachioradialis,m. extensor carpi radialis longus, andm. extensor carpi radialis brevis) were assessed. Two ultrasonic models developed with the use of multiple linear r...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Experimental and Clinical Studies of Mechanisms of the Antiaging Effects of Chemical Compounds in Astragalus membranaceus (Review)
AbstractAstragalus membranaceus (webbed astragalus) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than two millennia to slow the aging process and increase the life span. The article analyzes data on experimental and clinical studies from recent years that reveal the possible mechanisms of the antiaging effects of this plant. It is noted that the extract or different groups of chemical compounds of this plant activate telomerase, inhibit the processes of replicative senescence, possess antioxidant activity, have a neuroprotective effect, and affect the processes of age-related macular degradation, skin photoaging,...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Pharmacological Correction of Alterations in Apoptosis of Neurons of the Hypothalamic Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Pinealocytes in Rats during Aging and under Stress
AbstractThe pineal gland is known to play an important role in adaptogenesis. The hypothalamus is one of the main links of the stress-reactive system; it participates in the regulation of the involution of the whole body. Thus, the study of changes in these organs under stress and during aging is of considerable interest. The goal of this work is to study the apoptosis mechanisms of pinealocytes and neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in aging, under stress, and during pharmacological correction of involutional processes and stress response (antioxidant α-tocopherol acetate, immunomodulator Cy...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Interrelation of Telomeres with Transposable Elements in Aging
AbstractThe nature of telomere functioning, which affects the aging of the body, reflects global processes in the genome conditioned by the regulatory influence of transposable elements that are sequentially activated during ontogenesis. This is determined by the fact that centromeres and centromere proteins, telomeres and telomerases, introns and spliceosome components, transcription factors and their binding sites, noncoding RNAs and their targets in protein-coding gene sequences evolutionarily originated from transposable elements. The interrelation of these structural and functional elements of the genome is dynamicall...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Longevity and Some Causes of Death in Musicians of the 20th Century
AbstractData on the lifespan and some causes of death in musicians of the 20th century are presented in this article. The mean age of death (MAD) in 20 218 male musicians was 67.8 years, whereas the MAD in 4363 female musicians was 71.5 years. Among both men and women, “classical” musicians lived longer than musicians performing jazz, pop, and variety music (6.3 and 9.7 years longer, respectively) and much longer than rock musicians (21.7 an d 30.7 years longer, respectively). Among interpreters of classical music, 10.8% of men and 21.5% of women survived to the age of 90 years old, these proportions among male and ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Clinical Features of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn ’s Disease) in Geriatric Practice in St. Petersburg
The objective of the study is to identify the clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in elderly and senile patients in St. Petersburg. A retrospective analysis of medical charts of 208 patients with IBD over 60 years old has been carried out. Sixty percent of the patients had ulcerative colitis (UC), and forty percent had Crohn ’s disease (CD). The control group consisted of 867 patients aged up to 60 years (524 patients with UC, 60.4%, and 343 patients with CD, 29.6%). Concomitant cardiovascular and broncho-pulmonary diseases, diseases of bones and joints, pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract, and ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Mechanosensitive Protein of the Hippo Regulatory Pathway —Transcription Coactivator with PZD-Binding Motif (TAZ) in Human Skin during Aging
AbstractThe goal of this work was to examine the content of mechanosensitive transcription coactivator with PZD-binding motif (TAZ) in fibroblasts and microvessels of human dermis from embryonic development until senility (from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 85 years of age) and to determine the role of TAZ in age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in human skin. TAZ, proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the CD31 endothelial cell marker were detected in skin sections via indirect immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the proportion of fibroblasts with positive staining for TAZ ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 31, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
