Mechanisms of Neurocognitive Adaptation during Aging Process
AbstractHuman aging is associated with an increased risk of various geriatric syndromes, cognitive impairment being among the most frequent. The most prominent form of the cognitive impairment —dementia—has become one of the major course of dependency in older and oldest old patients. Nevertheless, it has been shown that despite the fact that various parts of the brain change structurally over time due to natural aging or diseases, it does not necessarily manifest into clinical sympto ms for some older people. Therefore, there is a dissociation of the severity of morphological and functional brain changes. The review p...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 7, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Rate of Aging and Its Association with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that accelerated arterial aging is associated with hypertension and high levels of glycated hemoglobin. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 7, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Role of the Serotonin Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism in the Development of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractDespite the fact that more than 90% of tryptophan is metabolized via the kynurenine pathway, the serotonin pathway is of great importance for the functioning of the central nervous system. The main products of this pathway are serotonin and melatonin. They provide maintenance of the sleep –wake mode, modulation of oxidative stress activity, apoptosis of neurons and glial elements, regeneration and neuroinflammation. In the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, neuroinflammation plays one of the main roles. Melatonin and serotonin, being modulators of its intensity, as well as an i mportant component of neurochem...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 7, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
The Role of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in the Development of Frailty in Older Adults
AbstractFrailty is the main geriatric syndrome, which is closely associated with age-related diseases and aging in general. Being considered the main pathogenetic mechanism of aging, low-grade chronic inflammation potentially contributes to increased degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. Active metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, when accumulated, implement their immunomodulatory, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties, thereby supporting and enhancing the aging process. Over the past decade, data have been collected on the role of an unbalanced kynurenine pathway in the p...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - March 7, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Influence of AMPK on the Functioning of the Circadian Clock and Its Possible Role in the Development of Age-Related Metabolic Disorders
AbstractCircadian rhythms ensure the synchronization of the physiology of cells and tissues in accordance with daily changes in the environment. These rhythms are maintained by transcriptional oscillators located in various organism cells. One of the rhythm sensors for the circadian clock is the intake of nutrients, this synchronizer is especially important in peripheral tissues. With age, the work of both the central and peripheral clock is disturbed. In old age, the amplitude of rhythms decreases and the peaks of expression of clock genes shift. Such changes affect not only the circadian, but also other rhythms. Promisin...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - February 15, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Patterns of Expression of the Key Genes of the BDNF System and Serotonin Receptors in the Brain of OXYS Rats in the Development of the Signs of Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractIn spite of numerous studies, pathogenesis of the sporadic (not inherited) form of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) still remains largely unclear; nevertheless, there is general consensus as regards the complex involvement of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters in the mechanisms of this disease. In light of recent data on the physical interaction between serotonin (5-HT) receptors and rec eptors of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the reciprocal modulation between 5-HT and BDNF systems is of particular interest, inter alia, in the context of AD development. The OXYS lineage of prematurely aging rats ...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - February 15, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Reductionism and Holism in the History of Aging and Longevity Research: Does the Whole Have Parts? Part 2. The Upwelling of Holism
AbstractThe opposition between reductionism and holism can be seen as an overarching theme in the history of aging, longevity and rejuvenation research. As a rule, the initial fascination with reductionist rejuvenation and life extension attempts, striving to tweak and rearrange parts of the human “machine,” in time, is superseded with more holistic perceptions of health maintenance in old age, emphasizing hygienic regulation of behavior and the revitalizing power of the mind. The initial high hopes for dramatic reductionist rejuvenation are often succeeded by more skeptical and cautious visions, yet the optimism may r...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - February 15, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Current Data on the Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathophysiology: Focus on Growth Factors and Neurotrophins
AbstractAge is a main risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative retinal disease that is becoming the leading cause of vision loss in people over 55 years in developed countries. The risk of developing and rate of progression of AMD, as well as response to therapy, depend on the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. In advanced stage, AMD is classified into dry atrophic (dry) or neovascular (wet) form. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents is currently the first-line therapy for neovascular AMD. Unfortunately, th...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Vascular Aging and Telomere Biology: On the Role of Vitamin D3 Deficiency
AbstractThe impact of vitamin D3 deficiency on the risk and prognosis of numerous chronic diseases has been actively studied for years. Recent research demonstrates that vitamin D is not merely involved in controlling calcium – phosphorus metabolism, but can also enhance insulin sensitivity, and decrease the incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. The influence of vitamin D3 on some cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is des cribed. Thus, it seems quite relevant to study the role of vitamin D3 in the development of arterial-wa...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Demographic Indicators of Probability Models
Abstract—Describing mortality dynamics using average indicators without considering variability can yield average results, impeding the analysis of survival-curve patterns during periods of significant mortality spikes, especially at the oldest or youngest ages. Therefore, instead of the generally accepted Gompertz method, other methods are increasingly used, which rely on comparisons of various demographic indicators. In humans, chronic phenoptosis, in contrast to age-independent acute phenoptosis, manifests as a rectangularization of the survival curve with a simultaneous increase in the life expectancy at birth due to...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Age-Related Changes and Loss of Damage Resistance of Kidney Tissue: The Role of a Decrease in the Number of Kidney Resident Progenitor Cells
We described the available studies on resident renal stem cells, their niches, morphology, possible markers, and the dynamics of their numbers during the aging process. The reasons for the age-related decline in renal regenerative potential are considered based on molecular and cellular mechanisms. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - September 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Basic Epigenetic Mechanisms of Aging
AbstractThe process of aging is a complex biological phenomenon that is influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications play an important role in the aging process, as they regulate gene expression and ultimately affect cellular function. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, among others. The authors of the review discuss the role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression and its relationship to age-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Also, the r...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Brain Aging
AbstractBrain aging is part of the aging of the whole body, largely determining the success of general aging and the quality of life of an older person. Brain aging is a complex multifactorial process that occurs throughout a human ’s life, which includes changes at subcellular, tissue, and organ levels as well as at physiological level, mediating changes in neurophysiological (cognitive) functions. The review provides up-to-date data on morphological and physiological changes observed during natural aging; it discusses vari ous phenotypes of brain aging, including both pathologically accelerated and “supernormal” ag...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Senolytic Drugs: Implications for Clinical Practice
AbstractStudying the mechanisms of aging is one of the most important goals of modern science. A significant amount of data on the processes associated with a decrease in the functional ability to regenerate, cell proliferation and resistance to adverse factors with age has been accumulated due to fundamental research. The aim of the review was to study the mechanism of drugs with the senolytic activity, to determine the main targets of their effect at the cellular level, and also to evaluate the prospects for their clinical use. The relevance of this topic is confirmed by the increasing number of clinical trials of senoly...
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Association between Telomere Length and Geriatric Status in Centenarians
Conclusion: No relationship was found between telomere length and frailty. Thus, telomere length cannot be considered as a reliable biomarker of functional aging. (Source: Advances in Gerontology)
Source: Advances in Gerontology - June 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
