Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Apr;30(4):738-751. doi: 10.3201/eid3004.231141. Epub 2024 Mar 13.ABSTRACTHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - March 13, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bailey Arruda Amy L Vincent Baker Alexandra Buckley Tavis K Anderson Mia Torchetti Nichole Hines Bergeson Mary Lea Killian Kristina Lantz Source Type: research
Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Apr;30(4):738-751. doi: 10.3201/eid3004.231141. Epub 2024 Mar 13.ABSTRACTHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - March 13, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bailey Arruda Amy L Vincent Baker Alexandra Buckley Tavis K Anderson Mia Torchetti Nichole Hines Bergeson Mary Lea Killian Kristina Lantz Source Type: research
Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Apr;30(4):738-751. doi: 10.3201/eid3004.231141. Epub 2024 Mar 13.ABSTRACTHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - March 13, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bailey Arruda Amy L Vincent Baker Alexandra Buckley Tavis K Anderson Mia Torchetti Nichole Hines Bergeson Mary Lea Killian Kristina Lantz Source Type: research
Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
B. Arruda et al. (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - March 11, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Immunogenicity of chimeric hemagglutinins delivered by an orf virus vector platform against swine influenza virus
Orf virus (ORFV) is a large DNA virus that can harbor and efficiently deliver viral antigens in swine. Here we used ORFV as a vector platform to deliver chimeric hemagglutinins (HA) of Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S). Vaccine development against IAV-S faces limitations posed by strain-specific immunity and the antigenic diversity of the IAV-S strains circulating in the field. A promising alternative aiming at re-directing immune responses on conserved epitopes of the stalk segment of the hemagglutinin (HA2) has recently emerged. Sequential immunization with chimeric HAs comprising the same stalk but distinct exotic head...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Isolation and characterization of genotype 4 Eurasian avian-like H1N1 influenza virus in pigs suffering from pneumonia
Virology. 2024 Feb 2;592:110009. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSwine influenza viruses pose ongoing threat to pork industry throughout the world. In 2023, fattening pigs from a swine farm in Inner Mongolia of China experienced influenza-like symptoms. Co-infection of influenza A virus with Pasteurella multocida was diagnosed in lung tissues of diseased pigs and a genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus was isolated, which was named as A/swine/Neimenggu/0326/2023. We demonstrated the virus preferentially bound human-like SAα2,6Gal receptor. It was noteworthy that the virus poss...
Source: Virology - February 8, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Jizhe Yang Riguo Lan Haoyu Chang Han Li Haili Yu Qi Tong Jinhua Liu Honglei Sun Source Type: research
Characteristics of two zoonotic swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated in Germany from diseased patients
Int J Med Microbiol. 2024 Jan 24;314:151609. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151609. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInterspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (IAV) from pigs to humans is a concerning event as porcine IAV represent a reservoir of potentially pandemic IAV. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two porcine A(H1N1)v viruses isolated from human cases by evaluating their genetic, antigenic and virological characteristics. The HA genes of those human isolates belonged to clades 1C.2.1 and 1C.2.2, respectively, of the A(H1N1) Eurasian avian-like swine influenza lineage. Antigenic profiling revealed substantial c...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alla Heider Marianne Wedde Viola Weinheimer Stephanie D öllinger Masyar Monazahian Ralf D ürrwald Thorsten Wolff Brunhilde Schweiger Source Type: research
A case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England, November 2023
Euro Surveill. 2024 Jan;29(3):2400002. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.3.2400002.ABSTRACTUnder International Health Regulations from 2005, a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus variant is considered an event that has potential for high public health impact and is immediately notifiable to the World Health Organisation. We here describe the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of a confirmed human case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England detected through community respiratory virus surveillance. Swabbing and contact tracing helped refine public health risk assessment, following this unusua...
Source: Euro Surveill - January 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jade Cogdale Beatrix Kele Richard Myers Ruth Harvey Abi Lofts Tanya Mikaiel Katja Hoschler Ashley C Banyard Joe James Benjamin C Mollett Alexander Mp Byrne Jamie Lopez-Bernal Conall H Watson Meera Chand William Welfare Deborah A Williamson Isabel Oliver S Source Type: research
A case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England, November 2023
Under International Health Regulations from 2005, a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus variant is considered an event that has potential for high public health impact and is immediately notifiable to the World Health Organisation. We here describe the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of a confirmed human case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England detected through community respiratory virus surveillance. Swabbing and contact tracing helped refine public health risk assessment, following this unusual and unexpected finding. (Source: Eurosurveillance)
Source: Eurosurveillance - January 18, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jade Cogdale, Beatrix Kele, Richard Myers, Ruth Harvey, Abi Lofts, Tanya Mikaiel, Katja Hoschler, Ashley C Banyard, Joe James, Benjamin C Mollett, Alexander MP Byrne, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Conall H Watson, Meera Chand, William Welfare, Deborah A Williamson, Source Type: research
The impact of PA/I38 substitutions and PA polymorphisms on the susceptibility of zoonotic influenza A viruses to baloxavir
AbstractGenetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses (IAVs) poses potential pandemic risks. Surveillance is important for influenza pandemic preparedness, but the susceptibility of zoonotic IAVs to the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir acid (BXA) has not been thoroughly researched. Although an amino acid substitution at position 38 in the polymerase acidic protein (PA/I38) in seasonal IAVs reduces BXA susceptibility, PA polymorphisms at position 38 are rarely seen in zoonotic IAVs. Here, we examined the impact of PA/I38 substitutions on the BXA susceptibility of recombinant A(H5N1) virus...
Source: Archives of Virology - January 12, 2024 Category: Virology Source Type: research
CD46 inhibits the replication of swine influenza viruses by promoting the production of type I IFNs in PK-15 cells
AbstractSwine flu caused by swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is an acute respiratory viral disease that is spreading in swine herds worldwide. Although the effect of some host factors on replication of swIAV has been identified, the role of CD46 in this process is unclear. Here, we report that CD46 inhibits the replication of swIAV by promoting the production of type I interferons (IFNs) in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells. CD46 knockout (CD46-KO) and stably expressing (CD46-overexpression) PK-15 cells were prepared using lentivirus-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and seamless cloning technology. The results of virus infectio...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - December 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 2444: Generation and Characterization of an Influenza D Reporter Virus
Ronald Dijkman
Influenza D virus (IDV) can infect various livestock animals, such as cattle, swine, and small ruminants, and was shown to have zoonotic potential. Therefore, it is important to identify viral factors involved in the broad host tropism and identify potential antiviral compounds that can inhibit IDV infection. Recombinant reporter viruses provide powerful tools for studying viral infections and antiviral drug discovery. Here we present the generation of a fluorescent reporter IDV using our previously established reverse genetic system for IDV. The mNeonGreen (mNG) fluorescent reporter gene was incorporate...
Source: Viruses - December 16, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Lukas Probst Laura Laloli Manon Flore Licheri Matthias Licheri Mitra Gultom Melle Holwerda Philip V ’kovski Ronald Dijkman Tags: Article Source Type: research
An experimental universal swine influenza a virus (IAV) vaccine candidate based on the M2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide does not provide protection against H1N1 IAV challenge in pigs
In conclusion, while the experimental IAV vaccine was able to induce anti-M2e antibodies, when challenged with H1N1, the vaccinated pigs were not protected, perhaps indicating that reactivity to the M2e antigen alone is not sufficient to reduce clinical signs, lesions or shedding associated with experimental IAV challenge.PMID:38087714 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.012 (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - December 13, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tanja Opriessnig Phillip C Gauger Patricia Filippsen Favaro Gaurav Rawal Drew R Magstadt Paul Digard Hui-Min Lee Patrick G Halbur Source Type: research
An experimental universal swine influenza a virus (IAV) vaccine candidate based on the M2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide does not provide protection against H1N1 IAV challenge in pigs
In conclusion, while the experimental IAV vaccine was able to induce anti-M2e antibodies, when challenged with H1N1, the vaccinated pigs were not protected, perhaps indicating that reactivity to the M2e antigen alone is not sufficient to reduce clinical signs, lesions or shedding associated with experimental IAV challenge.PMID:38087714 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.012 (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - December 13, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tanja Opriessnig Phillip C Gauger Patricia Filippsen Favaro Gaurav Rawal Drew R Magstadt Paul Digard Hui-Min Lee Patrick G Halbur Source Type: research
Quadrivalent neuraminidase RNA particle vaccine protects pigs against homologous and heterologous strains of swine influenza virus infection
This study evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an adjuvanted, quadrivalent RNA Particle vaccine (Sequivity NA), currently licensed as Sequivity® IAV-S NA. This vaccine was formulated based on four NA antigens representing the major NA clades of IAV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 circulating in swine herds in the United States. In a series of trials, pigs were vaccinated twice, at three days and three weeks of age (WOA), followed by challenge with either homologous or heterologous IAV strains at 8 or 15 WOA. The Sequivity NA vaccine induced robust serum NA inhibition (NI) antibody and protected against IAV-S strains...
Source: Vaccine - October 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pravina Kitikoon Susan M Knetter Mark A Mogler Chandra L Morgan Allison Hoehn Supraja Puttamreddy Erin L Strait Ruud P A M Segers Source Type: research
