Reassortment Network of Influenza A Virus
Influenza A virus (IAV) genomes are composed of eight single-stranded RNA segments. Genetic exchange through reassortment of the segmented genomes often endows IAVs with new genetic characteristics, which may affect transmissibility and pathogenicity of the viruses. However, a comprehensive understanding of the reassortment history of IAVs remains lacking. To this end, we assembled 40,296 whole-genome sequences of IAVs for analysis. Using a new clustering method based on Mean Pairwise Distances in the phylogenetic trees, we classified each segment of IAVs into clades. Correspondingly, reassortment events among IAVs were de...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - December 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2490: The A179L Gene of African Swine Fever Virus Suppresses Virus-Induced Apoptosis but Enhances Necroptosis
iulong Xu
A179L, a non-structural protein of African swine fever virus (ASFV), is capable of suppressing apoptosis by binding the BH3 domain of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins via a conserved ligand binding groove. Our present study aims to determine if A179L affects necroptosis, the second form of programmed cell death induced by DNA and RNA viruses. Here we report that A179L enhanced TNF-α or TSZ (TNF-α, Smac, and Z-Vad)-induced receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain like peudokinase (MLKL) phosphorylation in L929 cells, a murine fibrosa...
Source: Viruses - December 13, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Jun Shi Wei Liu Miao Zhang Jing Sun Xiulong Xu Tags: Article Source Type: research
A SYBR Green-based real-time RT-PCR assay to differentiate the H1N1 influenza virus lineages
In this study, four pairs of primers, based on the relatively conserved HA nucleotide regions of each H1N1 genetic lineage, were designed to establish an SYBR Green-based real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) assay to differentiate between the H1N1 genetic lineages. The results of qPCR assay showed that the lineage-specific primers designed for each H1N1 lineage were intra-lineage-specific, without mismatch of inter-lineage or inter-subtype and there appeared specific amplification curves when the concentrations of H1N1 plasmids were greater than or equal to 1.0 × 101 copies/reaction. Thus, this qPCR assay can specifically...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - December 1, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Yulin Cong Yixue Sun Xiaoyu Deng Haiying Yu Xiaohuan Lian Yanlong Cong Source Type: research
A SYBR Green-based real-time RT-PCR assay to differentiate the H1N1 influenza virus lineages
In this study, four pairs of primers, based on the relatively conserved HA nucleotide regions of each H1N1 genetic lineage, were designed to establish an SYBR Green-based real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) assay to differentiate between the H1N1 genetic lineages. The results of qPCR assay showed that the lineage-specific primers designed for each H1N1 lineage were intra-lineage-specific, without mismatch of inter-lineage or inter-subtype and there appeared specific amplification curves when the concentrations of H1N1 plasmids were greater than or equal to 1.0 × 101 copies/reaction. Thus, this qPCR assay can specifically...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - December 1, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Yulin Cong Yixue Sun Xiaoyu Deng Haiying Yu Xiaohuan Lian Yanlong Cong Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2346: Comparative Susceptibility of Madin & ndash;Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Derived Cell Lines for Isolation of Swine Origin Influenza A Viruses from Different Clinical Specimens
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2346: Comparative Susceptibility of Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Derived Cell Lines for Isolation of Swine Origin Influenza A Viruses from Different Clinical Specimens
Viruses doi: 10.3390/v13122346
Authors:
Matthew Suderman
Mariko Moniwa
Tamiru N. Alkie
Davor Ojkic
Andre Broes
Neil Pople
Yohannes Berhane
Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are commonly used for the isolation of mammalian influenza A viruses. The goal of this study was to compare the sensitivity and suitability of the original MDCK cell line in comparison with MDCK-derived cell line...
Source: Viruses - November 23, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Matthew Suderman Mariko Moniwa Tamiru N. Alkie Davor Ojkic Andre Broes Neil Pople Yohannes Berhane Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2335: Eurasian Avian-like M1 Plays More Important Role than M2 in Pathogenicity of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus in Mice
In this study, the M1 and M2 genes of A(H1N1)pdm09 were replaced with those of endemic H3N2 swine influenza virus, respectively. The chimeric viruses were rescued and evaluated in vitro and in mice. Both M1 and M2 of H3N2 affected the virus replication in vitro. In mice, the introduction of H3N2 M1 attenuated the chimeric virus, where all the mice survived from the infection, compared with the wild type virus that caused 100 % mortality. However, the chimeric virus containing H3N2 M2 was still virulent to mice, and caused 16.6% mortality, as well as similar body weight loss to the wild type virus infected group. Compared w...
Source: Viruses - November 23, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Lixiang Xie Guanlong Xu Lingxiang Xin Zhaofei Wang Rujuan Wu Mingqing Wu Yuqiang Cheng Hengan Wang Yaxian Yan Jingjiao Ma Jianhe Sun Tags: Article Source Type: research
Characterization of Swine Influenza A(H1N2) Variant, Alberta, Canada, 2020
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(12):3045-3051. doi: 10.3201/eid2712.210298.ABSTRACTInfluenza strains circulating among swine populations can cause outbreaks in humans. In October 2020, we detected a variant influenza A subtype H1N2 of swine origin in a person in Alberta, Canada. We initiated a public health, veterinary, and laboratory investigation to identify the source of the infection and determine whether it had spread. We identified the probable source as a local pig farm where a household contact of the index patient worked. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate closely resembled strains found at that farm in 201...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - November 22, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jamil N Kanji Kanti Pabbaraju Matthew Croxen Susan Detmer Nathalie Bastien Yan Li Anna Majer Hussein Keshwani Nathan Zelyas Ifeoma Achebe Corinne Jones Maureen Rutz Angela Jacobs Keith Lehman Deena Hinshaw Graham Tipples Source Type: research
Reassortant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Elderly Woman, Denmark, January 2021
We describe the clinical case and report testing results of the genetic and antigenic characterizations of the virus.PMID:34808097 | DOI:10.3201/eid2712.211361 (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - November 22, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jakob N Nissen Sophie J George Charlotte K Hjulsager Jesper S Krog Xiaohui C Nielsen Tina V Madsen Klara M Andersen Tyra G Krause Lasse S Vestergaard Lars E Larsen Ramona Trebbien Source Type: research
T helper type (Th1/Th2) responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) virus: From cytokines produced to immune responses
Transpl Immunol. 2021 Nov 10:101495. doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101495. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCytokines produced by T helper cells (Th cells) have essential roles in the body's defense against viruses. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are essential for the host defense toward intracellular pathogens while T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are considered to be critical for the helminthic parasites' elimination swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus, a disease led to an epidemic in 2009 and rapidly spread globally via human-to-human transmission. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome ...
Source: Transplant Immunology - November 14, 2021 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Bahareh Molavi Melika Mokhtari Niloofar Deravi Mobina Fathi Tara Fazel Mehdi Mohebalizadeh Pooneh Koochaki Parnian Shobeiri Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi Source Type: research
T helper type (Th1/Th2) responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) virus: From cytokines produced to immune responses
Transpl Immunol. 2021 Nov 10;70:101495. doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101495. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCytokines produced by T helper cells (Th cells) have essential roles in the body's defense against viruses. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are essential for the host defense toward intracellular pathogens while T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are considered to be critical for the helminthic parasites' elimination swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus, a disease led to an epidemic in 2009 and rapidly spread globally via human-to-human transmission. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndro...
Source: Transplant Immunology - November 14, 2021 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi Bahareh Molavi Melika Mokhtari Niloofar Deravi Mobina Fathi Tara Fazel Mehdi Mohebalizadeh Pooneh Koochaki Parnian Shobeiri Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi Source Type: research
Simultaneous Infection With Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Influenza Viruses Abrogates Clinical Protection Induced by Live Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Vaccination
In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus co-infection on the efficacy of PRRSV modified live virus (MLV) vaccination, which is widely used in the field. Following simultaneous challenge with contemporary PRRSV-2 and H3N2 field isolates, we found that the protective effect of PRRS MLV vaccination on clinical disease and pathology was abrogated, although viral load was unaffected and antibody responses were enhanced. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals reduced PRRSV-2 viremia and H3N2 virus load in the upper respiratory tract and potentiated T cell responses aga...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 11, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2250: Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events —Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2250: Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events—Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs?
Viruses doi: 10.3390/v13112250
Authors:
Susanne Kessler
Timm C. Harder
Martin Schwemmle
Kevin Ciminski
Zoonotic infections of humans with influenza A viruses (IAVs) from animal reservoirs can result in severe disease in individuals and, in rare cases, lead to pandemic outbreaks; this is exemplified by numerous cases of human infection with avian IAVs (AIVs) and the 2009 swine influenza pandemic. In fact, zoonotic transmissions are strongly facilitated by manmade reservoirs that were created through the ...
Source: Viruses - November 9, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Susanne Kessler Timm C. Harder Martin Schwemmle Kevin Ciminski Tags: Review Source Type: research
Protective Efficacy of an Orf Virus-Vector Encoding the Hemagglutinin and the Nucleoprotein of Influenza A Virus in Swine
This study demonstrates the potential of ORFV-based vector for control of swine influenza virus in swine. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 5, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Characterization of Swine Influenza A(H1N2) Variant, Alberta, Canada, 2020
J. N. Kanji et al. (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - November 1, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2169: Successive Inoculations of Pigs with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 (PRRSV-1) and Swine H1N2 Influenza Virus Suggest a Mutual Interference between the two Viral Infections
In this study, we investigated clinical, virological and immunological outcomes of successive infections with PRRSV-1 and H1N2 swIAV. Twenty-four specific pathogen-free piglets were distributed into four groups and inoculated either with PRRSV at study day (SD) 0, or with swIAV at SD8, or with PRRSV and swIAV one week apart at SD0 and SD8, respectively, or mock-inoculated. In PRRSV/swIAV group, the clinical signs usually observed after swIAV infection were attenuated while higher levels of anti-swIAV antibodies were measured in lungs. Concurrently, PRRSV multiplication in lungs was significantly affected by swIAV infection...
Source: Viruses - October 27, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Juliette Bougon C éline Deblanc Patricia Renson St éphane Quéguiner St éphane Gorin Sophie Mah é Mireille Le Le Dimna Nicolas Barbier Fr édéric Paboeuf Ga ëlle Simon Olivier Bourry Tags: Article Source Type: research
