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Swine influenza A virus: challenges and novel vaccine strategies
Swine Influenza A Virus (IAV-S) imposes a significant impact on the pork industry and has been deemed a significant threat to global public health due to its zoonotic potential. The most effective method of preventing IAV-S is vaccination. While there are tremendous efforts to control and prevent IAV-S in vulnerable swine populations, there are considerable challenges in developing a broadly protective vaccine against IAV-S. These challenges include the consistent diversification of IAV-S, increasing the strength and breadth of adaptive immune responses elicited by vaccination, interfering maternal antibody responses, and ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 548: Pandemic Risk Assessment for Swine Influenza A Virus in Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Models
kis Stephen Mark Tompkins Swine influenza A viruses pose a public health concern as novel and circulating strains occasionally spill over into human hosts, with the potential to cause disease. Crucial to preempting these events is the use of a threat assessment framework for human populations. However, established guidelines do not specify which animal models or in vitro substrates should be used. We completed an assessment of a contemporary swine influenza isolate, A/swine/GA/A27480/2019 (H1N2), using animal models and human cell substrates. Infection studies in vivo revealed high replicative ability and a pathogeni...
Source: Viruses - March 31, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Ian Padykula Lambodhar Damodaran Kelsey T. Young Madelyn Krunkosky Emily F. Griffin James F. North Peter J. Neasham Vasilis C. Pliasas Chris L. Siepker James B. Stanton Elizabeth W. Howerth Justin Bahl Constantinos S. Kyriakis Stephen Mark Tompkins Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 505: Overview of Modern Commercial Kits for Laboratory Diagnosis of African Swine Fever and Swine Influenza A Viruses
�a Montoya Rapid and early detection of infectious diseases in pigs is important, especially for the implementation of control measures in suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF), as an effective and safe vaccine is not yet available in most of the affected countries. Additionally, analysis for swine influenza is of significance due to its high morbidity rate (up to 100%) despite a lower mortality rate compared to ASF. The wide distribution of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) across various countries, the emergence of constantly new recombinant strains, and the danger of human infection underscore the need for rapi...
Source: Viruses - March 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Larysa Muzykina Luc ía Barrado-Gil Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo Jose Joaquin Cer ón Covadonga Alonso Mar ía Montoya Tags: Review Source Type: research

Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 13;30(4). doi: 10.3201/eid3004.231141. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - March 13, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bailey Arruda Amy L Vincent Baker Alexandra Buckley Tavis K Anderson Mia Torchetti Nichole Hines Bergeson Mary Lea Killian Kristina Lantz Source Type: research

Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Apr;30(4):738-751. doi: 10.3201/eid3004.231141. Epub 2024 Mar 13.ABSTRACTHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - March 13, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bailey Arruda Amy L Vincent Baker Alexandra Buckley Tavis K Anderson Mia Torchetti Nichole Hines Bergeson Mary Lea Killian Kristina Lantz Source Type: research

Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
B. Arruda et al. (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - March 11, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Immunogenicity of chimeric hemagglutinins delivered by an orf virus vector platform against swine influenza virus
Orf virus (ORFV) is a large DNA virus that can harbor and efficiently deliver viral antigens in swine. Here we used ORFV as a vector platform to deliver chimeric hemagglutinins (HA) of Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S). Vaccine development against IAV-S faces limitations posed by strain-specific immunity and the antigenic diversity of the IAV-S strains circulating in the field. A promising alternative aiming at re-directing immune responses on conserved epitopes of the stalk segment of the hemagglutinin (HA2) has recently emerged. Sequential immunization with chimeric HAs comprising the same stalk but distinct exotic head...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Isolation and characterization of genotype 4 Eurasian avian-like H1N1 influenza virus in pigs suffering from pneumonia
Virology. 2024 Feb 2;592:110009. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSwine influenza viruses pose ongoing threat to pork industry throughout the world. In 2023, fattening pigs from a swine farm in Inner Mongolia of China experienced influenza-like symptoms. Co-infection of influenza A virus with Pasteurella multocida was diagnosed in lung tissues of diseased pigs and a genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus was isolated, which was named as A/swine/Neimenggu/0326/2023. We demonstrated the virus preferentially bound human-like SAα2,6Gal receptor. It was noteworthy that the virus poss...
Source: Virology - February 8, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Jizhe Yang Riguo Lan Haoyu Chang Han Li Haili Yu Qi Tong Jinhua Liu Honglei Sun Source Type: research