Quadrivalent neuraminidase RNA particle vaccine protects pigs against homologous and heterologous strains of swine influenza virus infection
This study evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an adjuvanted, quadrivalent RNA Particle vaccine (Sequivity NA), currently licensed as Sequivity® IAV-S NA. This vaccine was formulated based on four NA antigens representing the major NA clades of IAV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 circulating in swine herds in the United States. In a series of trials, pigs were vaccinated twice, at three days and three weeks of age (WOA), followed by challenge with either homologous or heterologous IAV strains at 8 or 15 WOA. The Sequivity NA vaccine induced robust serum NA inhibition (NI) antibody and protected against IAV-S strains...
Source: Vaccine - October 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pravina Kitikoon Susan M Knetter Mark A Mogler Chandra L Morgan Allison Hoehn Supraja Puttamreddy Erin L Strait Ruud P A M Segers Source Type: research
Heterologous prime-boost H1N1 vaccination exacerbates disease following challenge with a mismatched H1N2 influenza virus in the swine model
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a significant threat to both human and animal health. Developing IAV vaccine strategies able to elicit broad heterologous protection against antigenically diverse IAV strains is pivotal in effectively controlling the disease. The goal of this study was to examine the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of diverse H1N1 influenza vaccine strategies including monovalent, bivalent, and heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens, against a mismatched H1N2 swine influenza virus. Five groups were homologous prime-boost vaccinated with either an oil-adjuvanted whole-inactivated virus (WIV) mon...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Ex Vivo Experiments Shed Light on the Innate Immune Response from Influenza Virus
Bull Math Biol. 2023 Oct 13;85(11):115. doi: 10.1007/s11538-023-01217-5.ABSTRACTThe innate immune response is recognized as a key driver in controlling an influenza virus infection in a host. However, the mechanistic action of such innate response is not fully understood. Infection experiments on ex vivo explants from swine trachea represent an efficient alternative to animal experiments, as the explants conserved key characteristics of an organ from an animal. In the present work we compare three cellular automata models of influenza virus dynamics. The models are fitted to free virus and infected cells data from ex vivo ...
Source: Bulletin of Mathematical Biology - October 13, 2023 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Daniel Olmos Liceaga Sandro Filipe Nunes Roberto A Saenz Source Type: research
Evidence for the circulation of genotype 4 Eurasian avian-like lineage swine H1N1 influenza A viruses on Korean swine farms, obtained using a newly developed one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay
In this study, we developed a one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay targeting the M, HA1, and PB2 genes to detect G4 and related EA H1N1 viruses, with detection limits of 1.5 × 101 copies/ μL and 1.15 × 10−2 ng/ μL for the purified PCR products and RNA templates, respectively. The specificity of the detection method was confirmed using various influenza virus subtypes. When the one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assay was applied to swine respiratory samples collected between 2020 and 2022 in Korea, a virus relate d to G4 EA H1N1 strains was detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on portions of all eight genome segments showed tha...
Source: Archives of Virology - October 6, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research
From Snoot to Tail: A Brief Review of Influenza Virus Infection and Immunity in Pigs
J Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;211(8):1187-1194. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300385.ABSTRACTPigs play an important role in influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology because they support replication of human, avian, and swine origin viruses and act as an IAV reservoir for pigs and other species, including humans. Moreover, novel IAVs with human pandemic potential may be generated in pigs. To minimize the threat of IAVs to human and swine health, it is crucial to understand host defense mechanisms that restrict viral replication and pathology in pigs. In this article, we review IAV strains circulating in the North American swine population, a...
Source: Journal of Immunology - October 2, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wenjun Ma Crystal L Loving John P Driver Source Type: research
From Snoot to Tail: A Brief Review of Influenza Virus Infection and Immunity in Pigs
J Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;211(8):1187-1194. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300385.ABSTRACTPigs play an important role in influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology because they support replication of human, avian, and swine origin viruses and act as an IAV reservoir for pigs and other species, including humans. Moreover, novel IAVs with human pandemic potential may be generated in pigs. To minimize the threat of IAVs to human and swine health, it is crucial to understand host defense mechanisms that restrict viral replication and pathology in pigs. In this article, we review IAV strains circulating in the North American swine population, a...
Source: Journal of Immunology - October 2, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wenjun Ma Crystal L Loving John P Driver Source Type: research
From Snoot to Tail: A Brief Review of Influenza Virus Infection and Immunity in Pigs
J Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;211(8):1187-1194. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300385.ABSTRACTPigs play an important role in influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology because they support replication of human, avian, and swine origin viruses and act as an IAV reservoir for pigs and other species, including humans. Moreover, novel IAVs with human pandemic potential may be generated in pigs. To minimize the threat of IAVs to human and swine health, it is crucial to understand host defense mechanisms that restrict viral replication and pathology in pigs. In this article, we review IAV strains circulating in the North American swine population, a...
Source: Journal of Immunology - October 2, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wenjun Ma Crystal L Loving John P Driver Source Type: research
From Snoot to Tail: A Brief Review of Influenza Virus Infection and Immunity in Pigs
J Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;211(8):1187-1194. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300385.ABSTRACTPigs play an important role in influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology because they support replication of human, avian, and swine origin viruses and act as an IAV reservoir for pigs and other species, including humans. Moreover, novel IAVs with human pandemic potential may be generated in pigs. To minimize the threat of IAVs to human and swine health, it is crucial to understand host defense mechanisms that restrict viral replication and pathology in pigs. In this article, we review IAV strains circulating in the North American swine population, a...
Source: Journal of Immunology - October 2, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wenjun Ma Crystal L Loving John P Driver Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 2030: Sequence-Based Antigenic Analyses of H1 Swine Influenza A Viruses from Colombia (2008 & ndash;2021) Reveals Temporal and Geographical Antigenic Variations
This study provides information about FLUAV variability in pigs under natural conditions in the absence of vaccination and emphasizes the need for surveillance of its phylogenetic and antigenic characteristics. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - September 30, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Andres F. Ospina-Jimenez Arlen P. Gomez Maria A. Rincon-Monroy Lucia Ortiz Daniel R. Perez Mario Pe ña Gloria Ramirez-Nieto Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1959: Fitness Determinants of Influenza A Viruses
ins
Influenza A (IAV) is a major human respiratory pathogen that causes illness, hospitalizations, and mortality annually worldwide. IAV is also a zoonotic pathogen with a multitude of hosts, allowing for interspecies transmission, reassortment events, and the emergence of novel pandemics, as was seen in 2009 with the emergence of a swine-origin H1N1 (pdmH1N1) virus into humans, causing the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. While the 2009 pandemic was considered to have high morbidity and low mortality, studies have linked the pdmH1N1 virus and its gene segments to increased disease in humans and animal mod...
Source: Viruses - September 20, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Emily Fate Griffin Stephen Mark Tompkins Tags: Review Source Type: research
Genetic diversification patterns in swine influenza A virus (H1N2) in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are characterized by having a segmented genome, low proofreading polymerases, and a wide host range. Consequently, IAVs are constantly evolving in nature causing a threat to animal and human health. In 2009 a new human pandemic IAV strain arose in Mexico because of a reassortment between two strains previously circulating in pigs; Eurasian “avian-like” (EA) swine H1N1 and “human-like” H1N2, highlighting the importance of swine as adaptation host of avian to human IAVs. Nowadays, although of limited use, a trivalent vaccine, which include in its formulation H1N1, H3N2, and, H1N2 swine IAV ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Archaeome structure and function of the intestinal tract in healthy and H1N1 infected swine
Conclusions/Take home messageFinally, this study provides the first multi-omics analysis and high-resolution insights into the structure and function of the porcine intestinal tract archaeome during a non-lethal Influenza A virus infection of the respiratory tract, demonstrating significant alterations in archaeal community composition and central metabolic functions. (Source: Frontiers in Microbiology)
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - September 13, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
A recombinant chimeric influenza virus vaccine expressing the consensus H3 hemagglutinin elicits broad hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against divergent swine H3N2 influenza viruses
This study focuses on the hemagglutinin (HA) consensus-based approach towards developing a more broadly protective swine influenza vaccine against various H3 strains circulating in domestic pig populations. By computationally analyzing >1000 swine H3 full-length HA sequences, we generated a consensus H3 and expressed it in the context of influenza A WSN/33 reverse genetics system. The derived recombinant chimeric swine influenza virus with the consensus H3 was inactivated and further evaluated as a potential universal vaccine in pigs. The consensus H3 vaccine elicited broadly active hemagglutination inhibition (HI) anti...
Source: Vaccine - September 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jieshi Yu Chithra Sreenivasan Zhizhang Sheng Shao-Lun Zhai Jared W Wollman Sisi Luo Chen Huang Rongyuan Gao Zhao Wang Radhey S Kaushik Jane Christopher-Hennings Eric Nelson Ben M Hause Feng Li Dan Wang Source Type: research
A recombinant chimeric influenza virus vaccine expressing the consensus H3 hemagglutinin elicits broad hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against divergent swine H3N2 influenza viruses
This study focuses on the hemagglutinin (HA) consensus-based approach towards developing a more broadly protective swine influenza vaccine against various H3 strains circulating in domestic pig populations. By computationally analyzing >1000 swine H3 full-length HA sequences, we generated a consensus H3 and expressed it in the context of influenza A WSN/33 reverse genetics system. The derived recombinant chimeric swine influenza virus with the consensus H3 was inactivated and further evaluated as a potential universal vaccine in pigs. The consensus H3 vaccine elicited broadly active hemagglutination inhibition (HI) anti...
Source: Vaccine - September 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jieshi Yu Chithra Sreenivasan Zhizhang Sheng Shao-Lun Zhai Jared W Wollman Sisi Luo Chen Huang Rongyuan Gao Zhao Wang Radhey S Kaushik Jane Christopher-Hennings Eric Nelson Ben M Hause Feng Li Dan Wang Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1893: Genetic Diversity of Type A Influenza Viruses Found in Swine Herds in Northwestern Poland from 2017 to 2019: The One Health Perspective
In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses (swIAVs) collected from Polish farms. A total of 376 samples were collected from 11 farms. The infection was confirmed in 112 cases. The isolates were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS), resulting in 93 full genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis classified 59 isolates as genotype T (H1avN2g) and 34 isolates as genotype P (H1pdmN1pdm), all of which had an internal gene cassette (IGC) derived from the H1N1pdm09-like strain. These data are consistent with evolutionary trends in European swIAVs. The applied methodology proved to be use...
Source: Viruses - September 7, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Lukasz Rabalski Maciej Kosinski Piotr Cybulski Tomasz Stadejek Krzysztof Lepek Tags: Article Source Type: research
