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Prehospital Cardiac Arrest should be considered when evaluating Covid-19 mortality in the United States
CONCLUSIONS: Prehospital EMS data should be considered when evaluating the severity of Covid-19 because prehospital cardiac arrest known to EMS was the strongest predictor on average across indices. Key Words Random Forest Covid-19 Public Health Statistical methods Syndromic Surveillance 1.Introduction Creating long term, multi-source, national surveillance data services for emerging disease response is a complex topic which Covid-19 has given new importance1-5. Public health emergencies seldom leave surplus time or resources to stand up novel methods and respond; further essentializing (specific) disease preparedness6-8. ...
Source: Methods of Information in Medicine - January 18, 2023 Category: Information Technology Authors: Nick Williams Source Type: research

Human Immunity and Susceptibility to Influenza A(H3) Viruses of Avian, Equine, and Swine Origin
Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Jan;29(1):98-109. doi: 10.3201/eid2901.220943.ABSTRACTInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) of subtype H3 that infect humans are antigenically divergent from those of birds, horses, and swine. Human immunity against these viruses might be limited, implying potential pandemic risk. To determine human risk, we selected 4 avian, 1 equine, and 3 swine IAVs representing major H3 lineages. We tested serum collected during 2017-2018 from 286 persons in Belgium for hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and virus neutralizing antibodies against those animal-origin IAVs and tested replication in human airway epithelia. ...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - December 27, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Elien Vandoorn Wojciech Stadejek Isabel Leroux-Roels Geert Leroux-Roels Anna Parys Kristien Van Reeth Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 46: A Bivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccine Protects against Drifted H1N2 and H3N2 Clinical Isolates in Swine
In this study, we demonstrate that this vaccine extends protection in pigs to more current, drifted non-homologous H1N2 and H3N2 strains, A/Swine/MB/SD0467/2019 (H1N2) [SD467] and A/Swine/AB/SD0435/2019 (H3N2) [SD435]. The vaccine elicited a robust immune response in the serum and the lung and reduced viral replication as well as lung pathology associated with these strains. Therefore, this bivalent vaccine remains a strong candidate that would be beneficial to the swine influenza vaccine market in North America. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - December 23, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Lauren Aubrey Ulises Barron-Castillo Susan Detmer Yan Zhou Tags: Article Source Type: research

Pathogenicity and anti-infection immunity of animal H3N2 and H6N6 subtype influenza virus cross-species infection with tree shrews
In this study, we observed the pathogenicity, immune characteristics, and cross-species infection potential ability of SW2783 and ZZ346 strains in tree shrew model with 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50), hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and other experimental methods. Both animal-borne influenza viruses had a strong ability on tissue infection in the turbinate and the trachea of tree shrews in vitro, in which SW2783 showed stronger replication ability than in ZZ346. SW2783 and ZZ346 both showed pathogenic ability with infected tree shrews model i...
Source: Virus Research - December 21, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Qihui Wang Xia Zeng Shen Tan Li Lan Xinhang Wang Zhenping Lai Zihe Liu Xiaoqiong Hou Lingxi Gao Chenxia Yun Zengfeng Zhang Jing Leng Xiaohui Fan Source Type: research