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Total 234 results found since Jan 2013.

Brain-Computer Interface for Clinical Purposes: Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation.
Abstract Alongside the best-known applications of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology for restoring communication abilities and controlling external devices, we present the state of the art of BCI use for cognitive assessment and training purposes. We first describe some preliminary attempts to develop verbal-motor free BCI-based tests for evaluating specific or multiple cognitive domains in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, disorders of consciousness, and other neurological diseases. Then we present the more heterogeneous and advanced field of BCI-based cognitive training, which has its roots in ...
Source: Biomed Res - September 16, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Carelli L, Solca F, Faini A, Meriggi P, Sangalli D, Cipresso P, Riva G, Ticozzi N, Ciammola A, Silani V, Poletti B Tags: Biomed Res Int Source Type: research

MRI links brain volume to neurological disorder
Using MRI, researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have identified differences...Read more on AuntMinnie.comRelated Reading: MRI shows concussion effects can linger in athletes MRI reveals key brain differences in people with genetic autism MRI may predict cognitive impairment in fighters DWI-MRI shows vision changes could predict Parkinson's MRI technique boosts stroke images
Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines - August 28, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: news

In sync or not in sync? Illusory body ownership in autism spectrum disorder
Conclusions We contend that individuals with ASD are more vulnerable than controls to this illusory tactile experience and we discuss the findings in light of impaired perception of the temporal relationships between tactile and proprioceptive inputs.
Source: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders - July 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: A multifaceted cytokine implicated in multiple neurological diseases.
Abstract Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a conserved cytokine found as a homotrimer protein. It is found in a wide spectrum of cell types in the body including neuronal and non-neuronal cells. MIF is implicated in several biological processes; chemo-attraction, cytokine activity, and receptor binding, among other functions. More recently, a chaperone-like activity has been added to its repertoire. In this review, we focus on the implication of MIF in the central nervous system and peripheries, its role in neurological disorders, and the mechanisms by which MIF is regulated. Numerous studies have as...
Source: Experimental Neurology - July 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Leyton-Jaimes MF, Kahn J, Israelson A Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease
There is a growing appreciation of the role of the gut microbiota in all aspects of health and disease, including brain health. Indeed, roles for the bacterial commensals in various psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as depression, autism, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, are emerging. Microbiota dysregulation has been documented in all of these conditions or in animal models thereof. Moreover, depletion or modulation of the gut microbiota can affect the severity of the central pathology or behavioral deficits observed in a variety of brain disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying such ...
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - July 1, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Eoin Sherwin, Timothy G. Dinan, John F. Cryan Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Rare genetic variants found to increase risk for Tourette syndrome
An international team led by researchers from UCLA and Massachusetts General Hospital has identified the first definitive genes associated with Tourette syndrome, giving scientists a long-sought foothold on the biology of the disease.The report in the June 21 issue of Neuron describes the discovery of rare mutations — either deletions or duplications of genetic material — in two neurodevelopmental genes, NRXN1 and CNTN6, in people with Tourette syndrome, a disorder characterized by multiple chronic, involuntary motor and vocal tics.“This is a first, key step in understanding the role of these genes in the disease pro...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - June 21, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Cerebrolysin prevents deficits in social behavior, repetitive conduct, and synaptic inhibition in a rat model of autism
Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a syndrome of diverse neuropsychiatric diseases of growing incidence characterized by repetitive conduct and impaired social behavior and communication for which effective pharmacological treatment is still unavailable. While the mechanisms and etiology of ASD are still unknown, a consensus is emerging about the synaptic nature of the syndrome, suggesting a possible avenue for pharmacological treatment with synaptogenic compounds. The peptidic mixture cerebrolysin (CBL) has been successfully used during the last three decades in the treatment of stroke and neurodegenerative diseas...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - June 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Roberto Cuevas ‐Olguin, Swagata Roychowdhury, Anwesha Banerjee, Francisco Garcia‐Oscos, Eric Esquivel‐Rendon, María Elena Bringas, Michael P. Kilgard, Gonzalo Flores, Marco Atzori Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Mystery solved: Our son's autism and extreme self ‐injury is genetic and treatable
Our 17‐year‐old autistic son Jake is declining at the same rate his peers are developing. He has the pimples, the sudden height, and the hormones. But the right side of his body slumps like someone who has had a stroke. Once right handed, he now uses only his left hand. At 15, he knocked his eyes off their parallel tracks by slamming his temple into the corner of a wooden post. One eye looks straight ahead while the other looks up and to the side. Both optic nerves are damaged. All the damage is self‐inflicted. He has been banging and punching his head since babyhood.
Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A - March 20, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Tanja Bartel Tags: FRAMESHIFT Source Type: research

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): an essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases
Publication date: Available online 10 March 2017 Source:Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) Author(s): Grace Y. Sun, Agnes Simonyi, Kevin L. Fritsche, Dennis Y. Chuang, Mark Hannink, Zezong Gu, C. Michael Greenlief, Jeffrey K. Yao, James C. Lee, David Q. Beversdorf Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched in phospholipids in the brain and retina, is known to play multi-functional roles in brain health and diseases. While arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), DHA is linked to action of the Ca2+-independ...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - March 10, 2017 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Head injuries can alter hundreds of genes and lead to serious brain diseases
Head injuries can adversely affect hundreds of genes in the brain that put people at high risk for diseases including Alzheimer ' s, Parkinson ' s, post-traumatic stress disorder, stroke, ADHD, autism, depression and schizophrenia, life scientists report. The researchers have identified for the first time potential master genes which they believe control hundreds of other genes that are linked to many neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - March 6, 2017 Category: Science Source Type: news

Head injuries can alter hundreds of genes and lead to serious brain diseases, UCLA biologists report
Head injuries can harm hundreds of genes in the brain in a way that increases people ’s risk for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, UCLA life scientists report.The researchers identified for the first time master genes that they believe control hundreds of other genes which are linked to Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, stroke, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, depression, schizophrenia and other disorders.Knowing what the master genes are could give scientists targets for new pharmaceuticals to treat brain diseases. Eventually, scientists...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - March 6, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Head injuries can alter hundreds of genes and lead to serious brain diseases
(University of California - Los Angeles) Head injuries can adversely affect hundreds of genes in the brain that put people at high risk for diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, post-traumatic stress disorder, stroke, ADHD, autism, depression and schizophrenia, UCLA life scientists report. The researchers have identified for the first time potential master genes which they believe control hundreds of other genes that are linked to many neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - March 6, 2017 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Transcranial Magnetic and Direct Current Stimulation in Children
AbstractPromising results in adult neurologic and psychiatric disorders are driving active research into transcranial brain stimulation techniques, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in childhood and adolescent syndromes. TMS has realistic utility as an experimental tool tested in a range of pediatric neuropathologies such as perinatal stroke, depression, Tourette syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). tDCS has also been tested as a treatment for a number of pediatric neurologic conditions, including ASD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - February 21, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Lab notes: what a mammoth week for science!
Yes it ’s a big story in more ways than one – a team of Harvard scientists say that scientists say they are on thebrink of being able to create a hybrid elephant-mammoth embryo. There are lots of technical and ethical concerns to address before we actually have real, live mammoths (or mammophants, as they ’re being called by some) but the idea of “de-extinctifying” something that’s been gone for 4,000 years is pretty exciting. This isn’t the only genetic engineering story in town this week, though, as amajor US report out this week has prepared ground for genetic modification of human embryos, eggs and sperm ...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - February 17, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Tash Reith-Banks Tags: Science Source Type: news

USC computer scientist to explain socially intelligent robots on Feb. 17
(University of Southern California) A University of Southern California computer scientist will present her research on socially assistive robots on Friday, Feb. 17 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Boston. These robots are designed to improve the life span health of stroke patients, children with autism and people with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - February 13, 2017 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news