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Total 234 results found since Jan 2013.

How to fail with paired VNS therapy
We present a discussion of the concepts that underlie VNS therapy and an anthology of studies that describe conditions in which these concepts are violated and VNS fails.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - August 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Seth A. Hays, Robert L. Rennaker, Michael P. Kilgard Source Type: research

Umbilical Cord Milking in Nonvigorous Infants: A Cluster-Randomized Crossover Trial
Approximately 6 million infants each year require resuscitation at birth. Requiring this intervention is associated with higher risk of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), cerebral palsy, attention-deficit or hyperactive disorder, autism, neonatal stroke, and death. In infants needing resuscitation, optimal cord management is essential to enhance placental transfusion. Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is used to enable placental transfusion in vigorous infants, but in nonvigorous infants—those who are limp, pale, or have minimal or no breathing—early cord clamping (ECC) is recommended. Another intervention for nonvigorou...
Source: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey - August 1, 2023 Category: OBGYN Tags: OBSTETRICS: NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS Source Type: research

The broad-spectrum activity of perampanel: state of the art and future perspective of AMPA antagonism beyond epilepsy
Glutamate is the brain’s main excitatory neurotransmitter. Glutamatergic neurons primarily compose basic neuronal networks, especially in the cortex. An imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory activities may result in epilepsy or other neurological and psychiatric conditions. Among glutamate receptors, AMPA receptors are the predominant mediator of glutamate-induced excitatory neurotransmission and dictate synaptic efficiency and plasticity by their numbers and/or properties. Therefore, they appear to be a major drug target for modulating several brain functions. Perampanel (PER) is a highly selective, noncompetitive AMPA...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases: Knowns and Unknowns
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2023 Jun 25. doi: 10.1007/s10571-023-01377-x. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) have been used for decades in preclinical and clinical studies to treat various neurological diseases. However, there is still a knowledge gap in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of BMMNCs in the treatment of neurological diseases. In addition, prerequisite factors for the efficacy of BMMNC administration, such as the optimal route, dose, and number of administrations, remain unclear. In this review, we discuss known and unknown aspects of BMMNCs, including the cell ha...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - June 25, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Quyen Thi Nguyen Liem Nguyen Thanh Van T Hoang Trang T K Phan Michael Heke Duc M Hoang Source Type: research

Estimate of the prevalence of subjects with chronic diseases in a province of Northern Italy: a retrospective study based on administrative databases
Conclusions Despite the difficulty of having a unique definition of chronic disease, the prevalence obtained was coherent with the estimates reported by other national surveillance systems such as Passi and Passi d’Argento. Underestimates were observed when international comparisons were done; however, when we used less stringent definitions of chronic diseases, similar results were obtained.
Source: BMJ Open - June 19, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Airoldi, C., Pagnoni, F., Cena, T., Ceriotti, D., De Ambrosi, D., De Vito, M., Faggiano, F. Tags: Open access, Public health Source Type: research

Role of tRNA-Derived Fragments in Neurological Disorders: a Review
AbstracttRFs are small tRNA derived fragments that are emerging as novel therapeutic targets and regulatory molecules in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. These are derived from precursor or mature tRNA, forming different subtypes that have been reported to be involved in neurological disorders like stroke, Alzheimer ’s, epilepsy, Parkinson’s, MELAS, autism, and Huntington’s disorder. tRFs were earlier believed to be random degradation debris of tRNAs. The significant variation in the expression level of tRFs in disease conditions indicates their salient role as key players in regulation of these...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Optogenetic Stimulation Array for Confocal Microscopy Fast Transient Monitoring
Optogenetics is an emerging discipline with multiple applications in neuroscience, allowing to study neuronal pathways or serving for therapeutic applications such as in the treatment of anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), or Parkinson's disease. More recently optogenetics is opening its way also to stem cell-based therapeutic applications for neuronal regeneration after stroke or spinal cord injury. The results of optogenetic stimulation are usually evaluated by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry, and the observation of transient responses after stimulation, as in cardiac electrophysiology studies...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - December 1, 2022 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Confounding by Indication in Studies of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Psychiatry Investig. 2022 Nov;19(11):873-883. doi: 10.30773/pi.2022.0209. Epub 2022 Nov 23.ABSTRACTSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used worldwide as the first-line pharmacological treatment for depression. Although SSRI use can increase the risk of suicide, fractures, and infertility, the nature of these relationships is controversial. This review reports confounding by indication and confounding by severity for SSRI side effects in previously published observational studies. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for English-language articles published from 2005 to 2022. SSRIs are often ...
Source: Psychiatry Investigation - November 29, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jimin Lee Sung Man Chang Source Type: research