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Total 99 results found since Jan 2013.

Arsenic exposure: A public health problem leading to several cancers.
Abstract Arsenic, a metalloid and naturally occurring element, is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust. Water is contaminated by arsenic through natural sources (underground water, minerals and geothermal processes) and anthropogenic sources such as mining, industrial processes, and the production and use of pesticides. Humans are exposed to arsenic mainly by drinking contaminated water, and secondarily through inhalation and skin contact. Arsenic exposure is associated with the development of vascular disease, including stroke, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Also, arseni...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - November 21, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Palma-Lara I, Martínez-Castillo M, Quintana-Pérez JC, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Tamay-Cach F, Valenzuela-Limón OL, García-Montalvo EA, Hernández-Zavala A Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Introduction to Purinergic Signaling.
Abstract Purinergic signaling was proposed in 1972, after it was demonstrated that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was a transmitter in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory nerves supplying the guinea-pig taenia coli. Later, ATP was identified as an excitatory cotransmitter in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and it is now apparent that ATP acts as a cotransmitter in most, if not all, nerves in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS). ATP acts as a short-term signaling molecule in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and neurosecretion. It also has potent, long-term (trophic) ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 27, 2019 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Burnstock G Tags: Methods Mol Biol Source Type: research

Age Well with Smart HealthTech
America is going gray. According to U.S. Census data, in 2030 even the youngest Baby Boomers will have reached 65, and older Americans will make up 21 percent of the population. That’s up from 15 percent today. By 2060, nearly a quarter of Americans will be at least 65 and a half million will reach age 100. These changing demographics give urgency to the concept of “aging in place.” Nobody wants to lose their independence, but that’s the reality for many who are forced from their homes by cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes or other chron...
Source: MDDI - August 19, 2019 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Stephanie Van Ness Tags: Digital Health Source Type: news

Variation of all-cause and cause-specific mortality with body mass index in one million Swedish parent-son pairs: An instrumental variable analysis
ConclusionsConsistent with previous large-scale meta-analyses and reviews, results supported the causal role of higher BMI in increasing the risk of several common causes of death, including cancers with increasing global incidence. We also found positive effects of BMI on mortality from respiratory disease, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, which has been inconsistently reported in the literature, suggesting that the causal role of higher BMI in mortality from these diseases may be underestimated. Furthermore, we expect different patterns of bias in the current observational and IV analyses; therefore, the similarities be...
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 8, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kaitlin H. Wade Source Type: research

Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Conclusion: Periodontal disease is significantly and positively correlated with increased risk of hypertension in Chinese population, and exact mechanisms of this association should be explored in future. Introduction Periodontal disease is a complex polymicrobial inflammation, including gingivitis and periodontitis. According to the 2015 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the prevalence of severe chronic periodontitis in 2015 has reached 616 million (Kassebaum et al., 2017). In China, the periodontal disease standardized DALYs rate has risen from 24.7 in 1990 to 25.7 in 2013 according to the data from 2013 GBD ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Neuroimmunology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
Conclusion Recent advances in research on HTLV-1 provide better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of HAM/TSP, and several clinical trials of novel therapies for patients with HAM/TSP have been initiated. However, long-term improvement of motor disability and quality of life still have not been achieved in HAM/TSP patients, and the clinical management remains challenging. Given that HAM/TSP is characterized by activated T-cells in both the periphery and CNS, studies in HAM/TSP will be highly informative for clarifying the pathogenesis of other neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis....
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Arterial thromboembolic events preceding the diagnosis of cancer in older persons
In conclusion, the risk of arterial thromboembolic events begins to increase 150 days before the date of cancer diagnosis in older persons and peaks in the 30 days before.
Source: Blood - February 21, 2019 Category: Hematology Authors: Navi, B. B., Reiner, A. S., Kamel, H., Iadecola, C., Okin, P. M., Tagawa, S. T., Panageas, K. S., DeAngelis, L. M. Tags: Plenary Papers, Free Research Articles, Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Clinical Trials and Observations Source Type: research

Air Pollution and Non-Communicable Diseases: A review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies' Environmental Committee. Part 2: Air pollution and organ systems.
Abstract Although air pollution is well-known to be harmful to the lung and airways, it can also damage most other organ systems of the body. It is estimated that about 500,000 lung cancer deaths and 1.6 million chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deaths can be attributed to air pollution, but air pollution may also account for 19% of all cardiovascular deaths and 21% of all stroke deaths. Air pollution has been linked to other malignancies, such as bladder cancer and childhood leukemia. Lung development in childhood is stymied with exposure to air pollutants, and poor lung development in children predict...
Source: Chest - November 9, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Schraufnagel DE, Balmes J, Cowl CT, De Matteis S, Jung SH, Mortimer K, Perez-Padilla R, Rice MB, Riojas-Rodroguez H, Sood A, Thurston GD, To T, Vanker A, Wuebbles DJ Tags: Chest Source Type: research

BMI and Mortality in UK Biobank: Revised Estimates Using Mendelian Randomization.
CONCLUSIONS: Results support a causal role of higher BMI in increasing the risk of all-cause mortality and mortality from several specific causes. PMID: 30358150 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Obesity - October 27, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: Wade KH, Carslake D, Sattar N, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: research

Risk of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in Occult and Manifest Cancers Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—Cancer, occult and manifest, is associated with increased risks for stroke. The increased risk is linked mainly to cancers related to smoking.
Source: Stroke - June 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Klaus Kaae Andersen, Tom Skyhoȷ Olsen Tags: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Ischemic Stroke Original Contributions Source Type: research

Prognosis of Cancer Patients with Aortic Stenosis Under Optimal Cancer Therapies and Conservative Cardiac Treatments.
Authors: Okura Y, Ishigaki S, Sakakibara S, Yumoto C, Hashitate M, Sekine C, Fujita T, Takayama T, Ozaki K, Sato N, Minamino T Abstract Aortic stenosis (AS) is a life-threatening comorbidity of cancer patients. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) should be considered for some cancer patients, but neither the characteristics nor prognosis under conservative therapy is well known.We searched our echocardiography log (years 2005-2014) for cancer patients with AS, and 92 patients (54% female) were included in the study. To compare the survival curves, 470 control patients without AS were selected from our cancer registry.Me...
Source: International Heart Journal - June 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Tags: Int Heart J Source Type: research

Clinical research of goal-directed fluid therapy in elderly patients with radical resection of bladder cancer
Conclusion: The goal-directed fluid therapy is beneficial for stabilization of hemodynamic status and maintenance of oxygen balance of supply and demand, and it is worthy of clinical expansion for good microcirculation perfusion, reduction in therapeutic time and expenses of patients, and less complications and superior security.
Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics - March 26, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tie-Jun Liu Jin-Cun Zhang Xiao-Zeng Gao Zhi-Bin Tan Jian-Jun Wang Pan-Pan Zhang Ai-Bin Cheng Shu-Bo Zhang Source Type: research

Urine Arsenic and Arsenic Metabolites in U.S. Adults and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Conclusion: In a cross-sectional study of U.S. adults, we observed some positive associations of uAs and toenail As concentrations with biomarkers potentially relevant to CVD pathogenesis and inflammation, and evidence of a higher capacity to metabolize inorganic As was negatively associated with a marker of oxidative stress. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2062 Received: 14 April 2017 Revised: 13 November 2017 Accepted: 15 November 2017 Published: 15 December 2017 Address correspondence to S.F. Farzan, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032. Telephone: (323)-442-5101; Email: sffarzan@usc.edu Supplemental Material is ava...
Source: EHP Research - December 16, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Which Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Insulin Resistance May Benefit From Pioglitazone?
The Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS) trial has reported that treating insulin resistance with the peroxisome proliferator –activated receptor γ agonist pioglitazone hydrochloride reduced recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) by about one-fourth compared with placebo (pioglitazone, 9.0% vs placebo, 11.8%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.93) in 3876 patients with recent (<6 months) ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and insulin resistance but without diabetes, heart failure, or bladder cancer. Pioglitazone was also associated with less incident diabetes vs placebo (3.8% vs ...
Source: JAMA Neurology - November 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research