Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure

Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The BEIR VII report has shown that women may be at significantly greater risk of suffering and dying from IR-induced cancer than men who receive the same dose of IR. The mechanisms underlying the sex differences in IR responses are not understood. BEIR VII emphasizes several key research needs such as (i) Determination of the level of various molecular markers of DNA damage as a function of low-dose IR; (ii) Evaluation of the relevance of adaptation, low-dose hypersensitivity, and genomic instability for radiation carcinogenesis; (iii) Analysis of tumorigenic mechanisms; and (iv) Future occupational radiation studies, particularly among nuclear industry workers, including nuclear power plant workers, with special emphasis on the effects in males and females (National Research Council, 2006). Moreover, the findings of the differences in the rates of IR-induced can...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
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