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Drug: Insulin

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Total 1048 results found since Jan 2013.

Sestrin 3 regulation in type 2 diabetic patients and its influence on metabolism and differentiation in skeletal muscle
In mammals, the sestrin family is composed of three stress-responsive genes. Ablation of sestrin in Drosophila attenuates longevity, which is accompanied by increased S6K phosphorylation and decreased AMPK phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the metabolic role of sestrins in mammals is not comprehensively understood. We characterized the expression of individual sestrin family members and determined their role in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Expression of sestrin 1 or sestrin 2 mRNA was unaltered between the NGT and T2D participants. Conversely,...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 1, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nascimento, E. B., Osler, M. E., Zierath, J. R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Evidences that estrogen receptor α interferes with adiponectin effects on breast cancer cell growth.
Abstract Adiponectin, the most abundant protein secreted by adipose tissue, exhibits insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, and antiproliferative properties. In addition, it appears to play an important role also in the development and progression of several obesity-related malignancies, including breast cancer.   Here, we demonstrated that adiponectin induces a dichotomic effect on breast cancer growth. Indeed, it stimulates growth in ERα+ MCF-7 cells while inhibiting proliferation of ERα- MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, only in MCF-7 cells adiponectin exposure exerts a rapid activation of MAPK ph...
Source: Cell Cycle - December 12, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Mauro L, Pellegrino M, De Amicis F, Ricchio E, Giordano F, Rizza P, Catalano S, Bonofiglio D, Sisci D, Panno ML, Andò S Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Protection from renal fibrosis, Putative role of TRIB3 gene silencing.
CONCLUSIONS: TRIB3 gene silencing can attenuate renal fibrosis for beneficial effect on the development of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease in rat. PMID: 24368111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology - December 21, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Ding WY, Li WB, Ti Y, Bi XP, Sun H, Wang ZH, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhong M Tags: Exp Mol Pathol Source Type: research

Overexpression of STAMP2 suppresses atherosclerosis and stabilizes plaques in diabetic mice
Abstract Our research aims to evaluate the function of the STAMP2 gene, an important trigger in insulin resistance (IR), and explore its role in macrophage apoptosis in diabetic atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques. The characteristics of diabetic mice were measured by serial metabolite and pathology tests. The level of STAMP2 was measured by RT‐PCR and Western blot. The plaque area, lipid and collagen content of brachiocephalic artery plaques were measured by histopathological analyses, and the macrophage apoptosis was measured by TUNEL. Correlation of STAMP2/Akt signaling pathway and macrophage apoptosis was validated by...
Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine - January 22, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jia Wang, Lu Han, Zhi‐hao Wang, Wen‐yuan Ding, Yuan‐yuan Shang, Meng‐xiong Tang, Wen‐bo Li, Yun Zhang, Wei Zhang, Ming Zhong Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Insulin stimulates glucose transport via protein kinase G type I alpha-dependent pathway in podocytes.
Abstract Podocyte resistance to the actions of insulin on glucose transport could contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic podocytopathy (DP) via disturbances in cyclic-dependent protein kinase signaling. To determine whether cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is involved in the insulin regulation of glucose transport, we measured insulin-dependent glucose uptake into cultured rat podocytes under conditions of modified PKG activity using pharmacological (PKG activator or inhibitor) and biochemical (siRNA PKGIα, siRNA insulin receptor β) means. Our findings indicate the participation of PKG in insulin-stimulat...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - March 3, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Jankowski M Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Effect of simvastatin on the resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a non-small cell lung cancer with the T790M mutation of EGFR.
This study investigated overcoming resistance to EGFR-TKI using simvastatin. We demonstrated that addition of simvastatin to gefitinib enhanced caspase-dependent apoptosis in T790M mutant NSCLC cells. Simvastatin also strongly inhibited AKT activation, leading to suppression of β-catenin activity and the expression of its targets, survivin and cyclin D1. Both insulin treatment and AKT overexpression markedly increased p-β-catenin and survivin levels, even in the presence of gefitinib and simvastatin. However, inhibition of AKT by siRNA or LY294002 treatment decreased p-β-catenin and survivin levels. To determine the rol...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - March 12, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Hwang KE, Kwon SJ, Kim YS, Park DS, Kim BR, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Ezrin Is Down-Regulated in Diabetic Kidney Glomeruli and Regulates Actin Reorganization and Glucose Uptake via GLUT1 in Cultured Podocytes.
Abstract Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. To characterize the early pathophysiological mechanisms leading to glomerular podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy, we performed quantitative proteomic profiling of glomeruli isolated from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and controls. Fluorescence-based two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, coupled with mass spectrometry, identified 29 differentially expressed spots, including actin-binding protein ezrin and its interaction partner, NHERF2, which were down-regulated in the streptozotocin...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - April 8, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Wasik AA, Koskelainen S, Hyvönen ME, Musante L, Lehtonen E, Koskenniemi K, Tienari J, Vaheri A, Kerjaschki D, Szalay C, Révész C, Varmanen P, Nyman TA, Hamar P, Holthöfer H, Lehtonen S Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research

Involvement of the AMPK-PTEN pathway in insulin resistance induced by high glucose in cultured rat podocytes.
Abstract As part of the filtration barrier, podocytes play an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Disturbances in insulin signaling accompanied by insulin resistance can lead to various intracellular events. We hypothesized that high glucose concentrations would lead to disturbances in interactions between AMPK and PTEN proteins in podocytes. Experiments were performed in primary rat podocytes cultured with normal (5.6mM) or high (30mM) glucose concentrations for 5 d. Immunodetection methods were used to detect AMPK, PTEN, insulin receptor, and Akt proteins, and their phosphorylated forms. I...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - April 15, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rogacka D, Piwkowska A, Audzeyenka I, Angielski S, Jankowski M Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Modulation of insulin /IGFs pathways by sirtuin-7 inhibition in drug- induced chemoreistance
Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that stress-induced Sirt7 inhibition significantly increases stress resistance and modulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways. More importantly, this study links Sir2 family proteins to insulin/IGF signaling in drug-induced stress resistance in neoplasia.Virtual Slides: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1135426681234493
Source: Diagnostic Pathology - May 22, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Ahmad AljadaAyman SalehSalem Al Suwaidan Source Type: research

Activation of the developmental pathway Neurogenin‐3/microRNA‐7a regulates cholangiocyte proliferation in response to injury
ABSTRACT Background/aims: The activation of the biliary stem‐cell signalling pathway Hes‐1/PDX‐1 in mature cholangiocytes determines cell proliferation. Neurogenin‐3 (Ngn‐3) is required for pancreas development and ductal cell neogenesis. PDX‐1‐dependent activation of Ngn‐3 initiates the differentiation program, by inducting microRNA (miR)‐7 expression. Here, we investigated the role Ngn‐3 on cholangiocyte proliferation. Methods: Expression levels of Ngn‐3 and miR‐7 isoforms were tested in cholangiocytes from normal and cholestatic human livers. Ngn‐3 was knocked‐down in vitro in normal rat chol...
Source: Hepatology - June 13, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marco Marzioni, Laura Agostinelli, Cinzia Candelaresi, Stefania Saccomanno, Samuele De Minicis, Luca Maroni, Eleonora Mingarelli, Chiara Rychlicki, Luciano Trozzi, Jesus M. Banales, Antonio Benedetti, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni Tags: Autoimmune, Cholestatic and Biliary Disease Source Type: research

Differential Requirements of Arrestin-3 and Clathrin for Ligand-dependent and -independent Internalization of Human G Protein-coupled Receptor 40.
Abstract G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is believed to be an attractive target to enhance insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. GPR40 has been found to couple to Gq protein, leading to activation of phospholipase C and subsequent increases in the intracellular Ca(2+) level. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the internalization and desensitization of GPR40 remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a construct of GPR40 fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at its C-terminus was constructed for direct imaging of the localization and internalization of GPR40 by c...
Source: Cellular Signalling - July 16, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Qian J, Wu C, Chen X, Li X, Ying G, Jin L, Ma Q, Li G, Shi Y, Zhang G, Zhou N Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Selective inhibiton of Sphingosine kinase-1 protects adipose tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory response in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) would modulate the expression of CCL5 and other inflammatory biomarkers in primary adipocytes and its potential role in lipopolysaccharide -induced AT inflammation in a rat model of diabetes. To address this, LPS-stimulated primary adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with a sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SPHK I) and the expression of Ccl5 and other CC chemokines were studied. Moreover, the effect of Sphk-1 knockdown on cytokine production was analyzed in 3T3-L1 cells by transfection of Sphk-1-specific small interfering RN...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 22, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Tous M, Ferrer-Lorente R, Badimon L Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Characterization of GAB1 expression over the menstrual cycle in women with and without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome provides a new insight into its pathophysiology.
Conclusions: GAB1 mRNA expression is positively modulated by E2. Endometrial GAB1 protein and mRNA expression are reduced in women with PCOS, suggesting that the endometrium of PCOS women have a defect in insulin signaling due to GAB1 down-regulation. PMID: 25144631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 21, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Roemer KL, Young SL, Savaris RF Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP): The role of its endogenous production as a positive modulator of insulin secretion.
Abstract Islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP) is a peptide found in pancreatic exocrine-, duct- and islet- non-β-cells from normal hamsters. Its increase induced by either its exogenous administration or by the overexpression of its gene enhances β-cell secretory function and increases β-cell mass by a combination of stimulation of cell replication and islet neogenesis and reduction of β-cell apoptosis. We studied the potential modulatory role of endogenous INGAP in insulin secretion using two different experimental approaches. Hamster islets transfected with INGAP-small interfering RNA (INGAP-siRNA) we...
Source: Regulatory Peptides - August 23, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Flores LE, Del Zotto H, Fragapane F, Maiztegui B, Román CL, Boschero AC, Gagliardino JJ Tags: Regul Pept Source Type: research

Selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase-1 protects adipose tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory response in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the enzyme sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) would modulate the expression of CCL5 and other inflammatory biomarkers in primary adipocytes and its potential role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AT inflammation in a rat model of diabetes. To address this, LPS-stimulated primary adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with a SK inhibitor, and the expression of Ccl5 and other CC chemokines were studied. Moreover, the effect of SK1 knockdown on cytokine production was analyzed in 3T3-L1 cells by transfection of SK1-specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA). The anti-inflamm...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tous, M., Ferrer-Lorente, R., Badimon, L. Tags: Articles Source Type: research