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Drug: Insulin

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Total 1048 results found since Jan 2013.

Beta-adrenergic receptor agonist decreases VEGF levels through altered eNOS and PKC signaling in diabetic retina.
Authors: Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Steinle JJ Abstract Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is increased in diabetic macular edema. Compound 49b, a novel β-adrenergic receptor agonist, is protective in a type 1 diabetic rat model. We questioned whether Compound 49b could decrease VEGF levels, suggesting that Compound 49b may be effective against edema. Two-month diabetic rats received topical Compound 49b for 7 days only and/or insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) siRNA. We also measured endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and protein kinase C (PKC)ζ and PKCδ phosphorylation. Retinal end...
Source: Growth Factors - February 18, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Growth Factors Source Type: research

Maladaptative autophagy impairs adipose function in Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy due to cavin-1 deficiency.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that cavin-1 deficiency resulted in maladaptative autophagy which contributed to insulin resistance and altered adipocyte differentiation. These new pathophysiological mechanisms could open new therapeutic perspectives for adipose tissue diseases including CGL4. PMID: 27144934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 3, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Salle-Teyssières L, Auclair M, Terro F, Nemani M, Elsayed SM, Elsobky E, Lathrop M, Délépine M, Lascols O, Capeau J, Magré J, Vigouroux C Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Type 1 Deiodinase Regulates ApoA-I Gene Expression and ApoA-I Synthesis Independent of Thyroid Hormone Signaling.
CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in Dio1 expression reduce the expression of ApoA-I in a 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine-/thyroid hormone response element-independent manner. PMID: 27150392 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - May 4, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Liu J, Hernandez-Ono A, Graham MJ, Galton VA, Ginsberg HN Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Protective effects of marein on high glucose-induced glucose metabolic disorder in HepG2 cells
Conclusions Consequently, marein improved insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein could be a promising leading compound for the development of hypoglycemic agent or developed as an adjuvant drug for diabetes mellitus. Graphical abstract
Source: Phytomedicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Stathmin 1 plays a role in endometrial decidualisation by regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1? and vascular endothelial growth factor during embryo implantation.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to explore the potential mechanism underlying stathmin 1 (Stmn1) regulation of embryo implantation, as a continuation of previous proteomic research. Adult healthy female mice were mated naturally with fertile males. Murine uterine tissue was collected during the peri-implantation period. Local expression of Stmn1 during embryo implantation was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which showed that Stmn1 was extensively expressed in endometrial glandular epithelium, vascular endothelium, luminal epithelium and the underlying stromal cells at the implantation site on Day...
Source: Reproduction, Fertility, and Development - July 25, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Gou J, Jia J, Feng J, Zhao X, Yi T, Cui T, Li Z Tags: Reprod Fertil Dev Source Type: research

Delayed treatment with fenofibrate protects against high-fat diet-induced kidney injury in mice: the possible role of AMPK-autophagy.
Abstract Fenofibrate activates not only peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) but also adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK-mediated cellular responses protect kidney from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced injury, and autophagy resulting from AMPK activation has been regarded as a stress-response mechanism. Thus, the present study examined the role of AMPK and autophagy in the renotherapeutic effects of fenofibrate. C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFD+fenofibrate (HFD+FF). Fenofibrate was administered 4 weeks after the initiation of the HFD w...
Source: Am J Physiol Renal P... - July 26, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Sohn M, Kim K, Uddin MJ, Lee G, Hwang I, Kang H, Kim H, Lee JH, Ha H Tags: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Source Type: research

nm23 regulates decidualization through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways in mice and humans
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81370731, 31571551 and 31571190), the Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Education Committee (KJ130309), open funding by the Chongqing Institute for Family Planning (1201) and the Excellent Young Scholars of Chongqing Medical University (CQYQ201302). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Source: Human Reproduction - September 18, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhang, X., Fu, L.-J., Liu, X.-Q., Hu, Z.-Y., Jiang, Y., Gao, R.-F., Feng, Q., Lan, X., Geng, Y.-Q., Chen, X.-M., He, J.-L., Wang, Y.-X., Ding, Y.-B. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

RalA/PLD2 Signaling in Caveolae Trafficking Molecular Bases of Disease
Caveolae are the primary route for internalization and transendothelial transport of macromolecules, such as insulin and albumin. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis is activated by Src-dependent caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation and subsequent recruitment of dynamin-2 and filamin A (FilA), which facilitate vesicle fission and trafficking, respectively. Here, we tested the role of RalA and phospholipase D (PLD) signaling in the regulation of caveolae-mediated endocytosis and trafficking. The addition of albumin to human lung microvascular endothelial cells induced the activation of RalA within minutes, and siRNA-mediated down-r...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - September 22, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jiang, Y., Sverdlov, M. S., Toth, P. T., Huang, L. S., Du, G., Liu, Y., Natarajan, V., Minshall, R. D. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Phosphatidic Acid Produced by RalA-activated PLD2 Stimulates Caveolae-mediated Endocytosis and Trafficking in Endothelial Cells Molecular Bases of Disease
Caveolae are the primary route for internalization and transendothelial transport of macromolecules, such as insulin and albumin. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis is activated by Src-dependent caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation and subsequent recruitment of dynamin-2 and filamin A (FilA), which facilitate vesicle fission and trafficking, respectively. Here, we tested the role of RalA and phospholipase D (PLD) signaling in the regulation of caveolae-mediated endocytosis and trafficking. The addition of albumin to human lung microvascular endothelial cells induced the activation of RalA within minutes, and siRNA-mediated down-r...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - September 22, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ying Jiang, Maria S. Sverdlov, Peter T. Toth, Long Shuang Huang, Guangwei Du, Yiyao Liu, Viswanathan Natarajan, Richard D. Minshall Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Delayed treatment with fenofibrate protects against high-fat diet-induced kidney injury in mice: the possible role of AMPK autophagy
Fenofibrate activates not only peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) but also adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK-mediated cellular responses protect kidney from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced injury, and autophagy resulting from AMPK activation has been regarded as a stress-response mechanism. Thus the present study examined the role of AMPK and autophagy in the renotherapeutic effects of fenofibrate. C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFD + fenofibrate (HFD + FF). Fenofibrate was administered 4 wk after the initiation of the HFD when ...
Source: AJP: Renal Physiology - February 7, 2017 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Sohn, M., Kim, K., Uddin, M. J., Lee, G., Hwang, I., Kang, H., Kim, H., Lee, J. H., Ha, H. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Insulin ‐like growth factor‐1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and collagen I alpha 2 synthesis via induction of mRNA‐binding protein LARP6 expression
This study explored the mechanism underlying the stimulation of collagen synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation by insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in primary mouse osteoblasts. Primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts were cultured and treated with various doses of IGF1 before transfection with siRNA targeting the collagen type I alpha 2 (Col1a2) or La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6 (Larp6) genes. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin staining, alizarin red quantification and the expression level of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were performed to assess the differentiation of pre...
Source: Development, Growth and Differentiation - December 31, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Yue Guo, Chen ‐Yi Tang, Xiao‐Fei Man, Hao‐Neng Tang, Jun Tang, Ci‐La Zhou, Shu‐Wen Tan, Min Wang, Yun‐Zhi Feng, Hou‐De Zhou Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Insulin increases filtration barrier permeability via TRPC6-dependent activation of PKGI α signaling pathways
Publication date: Available online 2 March 2017 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease Author(s): Dorota Rogacka, Irena Audzeyenka, Patrycja Rachubik, Michał Rychłowski, Małgorzata Kasztan, Maciej Jankowski, Stefan Angielski, Agnieszka Piwkowska Podocytes are dynamic polarized cells on the surface of glomerular capillaries and an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Insulin increases the activation of protein kinase G type Iα (PKGIα) subunits, leading to podocyte dysfunction. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that TRPC6 channels are crucial mediators of ...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Basis of Disease - March 1, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Insulin increases filtration barrier permeability via TRPC6-dependent activation of PKGI α signaling pathways.
Insulin increases filtration barrier permeability via TRPC6-dependent activation of PKGIα signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2017 Mar 02;: Authors: Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Rachubik P, Rychłowski M, Kasztan M, Jankowski M, Angielski S, Piwkowska A Abstract Podocytes are dynamic polarized cells on the surface of glomerular capillaries and an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Insulin increases the activation of protein kinase G type Iα (PKGIα) subunits, leading to podocyte dysfunction. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that TRPC6 channels are crucial mediator...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - March 1, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Rachubik P, Rychłowski M, Kasztan M, Jankowski M, Angielski S, Piwkowska A Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

MicroRNA-29 regulates myocardial microvascular endothelial cells proliferation and migration in association with IGF1 in type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that miR-29 downregulation, through its inverse regulation on downstream target of IGF1 gene, is a pro-angiogenic factor in MMEVC in type 2 diabetic rats. PMID: 28315330 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - March 14, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li Z, Yue Q, Peng H Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

ASK1 (MAP3K5) is transcriptionally upregulated by E2F1 in adipose tissue in obesity, molecularly defining a human dys-metabolic obese phenotype
Conclusions AT E2F1 –ASK1 molecularly defines a metabolically-detrimental obese sub-phenotype. Functionally, it may negatively affect AT endocrine function, linking AT stress to whole-body metabolic dysfunction.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - May 7, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research