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Drug: Insulin

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Total 1048 results found since Jan 2013.

Role of < em > Dgat2 < /em > in Glucose Uptake and Fatty Acid Metabolism in C2C12 Skeletal Myotubes
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 18;33(12):1-9. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07018. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAcyl-coenzyme A (CoA):diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) catalyzes the last stage of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, a process that forms ester bonds with diacylglycerols (DAG) and fatty acyl-CoA substrates. The enzymatic role of Dgat2 has been studied in various biological species. Still, the full description of how Dgat2 channels fatty acids in skeletal myocytes and the consequence thereof in glucose uptake have yet to be well established. Therefore, this study explored the mediating role of Dgat2 in glucose ...
Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - August 30, 2023 Category: Biotechnology Authors: So Young Bu Source Type: research

Inhibition of apolipoprotein A‐I gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha in HepG2 cells: Requirement for c‐jun
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) signals in part through the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK). Activation of JNK has been shown to promote insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, including reductions in plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I). To examine how TNF α‐mediated JNK activation inhibits hepatic apo A‐I production, the effects of c‐jun activation on apo A‐I gene expression were examined in HepG2 cells. Apo A‐I gene expression and promoter activity were measured by Northern and Western blotting and transient transfec...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - August 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shant Parseghian, Luisa M. Onstead‐Haas, Norman C.W. Wong, Arshag D. Mooradian, Michael J. Haas Tags: Article Source Type: research

Inhibition of Apolipoprotein A‐I Expression by TNF‐Alpha in HepG2 Cells: Requirement for c‐jun
ABSTRACT Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) signals in part through the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK). Activation of JNK has been shown to promote insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, including reductions in plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I). To examine how TNF α‐mediated JNK activation inhibits hepatic apo A‐I production, the effects of c‐jun activation on apo A‐I gene expression were examined in HepG2 cells. Apo A‐I gene expression and promoter activity were measured by Northern and Western blotting and transient transfec...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - December 13, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Shant Parseghian, Luisa M. Onstead‐Haas, Norman C.W. Wong, Arshag D. Mooradian, Michael J. Haas Tags: Article Source Type: research

Contribution of protein kinase Cα in the stimulation of insulin by the down-regulation of Ca v β subunits
We examined whether other types of Cavβ subunits also have similar properties. In this regard, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) of these subunits (20 μg each) to down-regulate them and examined blood glucose, serum insulin and PKC translocation in isolated pancreatic β cells of mice. While the down-regulation of Cavβ2 and β3 subunits increased serum insulin levels and caused efficient glucose homeostasis, the down-regulation of Cavβ1 and β4 subunits failed to affect both these parameters. Examination of PKC isozymes in the pancreatic β-cells of Cavβ2- or β3 siRNA-injected mice showed that three PKC isozymes...
Source: Endocrine - October 23, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Saturated Fatty Acid Induces Insulin Resistance Partially Through Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain 1 Signaling Pathway in Adipocytes
Conclusion NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.
Source: Chinese Medical Sciences Journal - November 1, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Role of PTEN in TNFα Induced Insulin Resistance.
DISCUSSION: The PTEN increase due to TNFα treatment was reversible by both PTEN siRNA knockdown and VO-OHpic treatment. Thus, PTEN is identified as a potential new therapeutic target for reducing IR in Type 2 DM. PMID: 25918024 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 24, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bulger DA, Conley J, Conner SH, Majumdar G, Solomon SS Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in response to leucine deprivation is mediated by the AAR pathway
Publication date: 5 September 2015 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 412 Author(s): Niyati Malkani, Thomas Jansson, Madhulika B. Gupta Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) is the key regulator of fetal growth. IGF-I bioavailability is markedly diminished by IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) phosphorylation. Leucine deprivation strongly induces IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation, and plays an important role in fetal growth restriction (FGR). FGR is characterized by decreased amino acid availability, which activates the amino acid response (AAR) and inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - July 24, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

VAV2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells
Conclusions/Interpretation Our data provide the first evidence to implicate VAV2 in glucose-induced Rac1 activation, actin remodelling and GSIS in pancreatic beta cells.
Source: Diabetologia - October 2, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Dihydromyricetin improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by inducing autophagy via the AMPK-PGC-1α-Sirt3 signaling pathway
In conclusion, DHM improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by partially inducing autophagy via activation of the AMPK-PGC-1α-Sirt3 signaling pathway.
Source: Endocrine - October 25, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

STAT3-dependent Regulation of PCSK9 Molecular Bases of Disease
In conclusion, our data candidate PCSK9 as a gene involved in lipid metabolism regulated by proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in a SOCS3-dependent manner.
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - February 12, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Ruscica, M., Ricci, C., Macchi, C., Magni, P., Cristofani, R., Liu, J., Corsini, A., Ferri, N. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Effect of Epac1 on pERK and VEGF Activation in Postoperative Persistent Pain in Rats
This study suggests that activation of the Epac1 signal might induce local postoperative recovery process, which could be an important mechanism by which to control postoperative chronic pain. Our data suggest that therapy targeted at decreasing Epac1 levels provides promise for the prevention and treatment of chronic postoperative pain.
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - June 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research