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Condition: Autoimmune Disease

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Total 230 results found since Jan 2013.

The Fli-1 transcription factor is a critical regulator for controlling the expression of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2)
In this study, we demonstrate that endothelial cells transfected with Fli-1 specific siRNA produce significantly less CXCL2 compared to cells transfected with control siRNA after stimulation by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligands, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The production of CXCL2 in endothelial cells stimulated with LPS stimulation is dose-dependent. We found that Fli-1 binds to the CXCL2 promoter as established by Chromatin immunoprecipitation‎ (ChIP) assay. Transient transfection assays show that Fli-1 drives transcription from the CXCL2 promoter in a dose-dependent manner an...
Source: Molecular Immunology - November 24, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Downregulation of cathepsin G reduces the activation of CD4+ T cells in murine autoimmune diabetes.
Authors: Zou F, Lai X, Li J, Lei S, Hu L Abstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease due to progressive injury of islet cells mediated by T lymphocytes (T cells). Our previous studies have shown that only cathepsin G (CatG), not other proteases, is involved in the antigen presentation of proinsulin, and if the presentation is inhibited, the activation of CD4+ T cells induced by proinsulin is alleviated in T1DM patients, and CatG-specific inhibitor reduces the activation of CD4+ cells induced by proinsulin in T1DM patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that CatG may play an important role in the a...
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - December 10, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

GRK2 mediates TCR-induced transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR-CXCR4 complex formation that drives PI3K{gamma}/PREX1 signaling and T cell cytokine secretion Signal Transduction
The immune system includes abundant examples of biologically-relevant cross-regulation of signaling pathways by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the G protein–coupled chemokine receptor, CXCR4. TCR ligation induces transactivation of CXCR4 and TCR–CXCR4 complex formation, permitting the TCR to signal via CXCR4 to activate a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate–dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein (PREX1)–dependent signaling pathway that drives robust cytokine secretion by T cells. To understand this receptor heterodimer and its regulation, we characterized the molecular mechanisms required for TCR-mediated TC...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - September 7, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Brittney A. Dinkel, Kimberly N. Kremer, Meagan R. Rollins, Michael J. Medlyn, Karen E. Hedin Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Exploiting novel tailored immunotherapies of type 1 diabetes: Short interfering RNA delivered by cationic liposomes enables efficient Down-regulation of variant PTPN22 gene in T lymphocytes
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2018Source: Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and MedicineAuthor(s): Marsha Pellegrino, Francesca Ceccacci, Stefania Petrini, Marco Cappa, Giovanna Mancini, Alessandra FierabracciAbstractIn autoimmune diseases as Type 1 diabetes, the actual treatment that provides the missing hormones is not able, however, to interrupt the underlining immunological mechanism. Importantly, novel immunotherapies are exploited to protect and rescue the remaining hormone producing cells. Among probable targets of immunotherapy, the C1858T mutation in the PTPN22 gene, which encodes for the lymp...
Source: Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine - November 12, 2018 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research

A Critical Role of Growth Arrest-Specific Gene 6-Mer Axis in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Damage Contributing to Thrombotic Microangiopathy Associated with Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are severe complications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Host endothelial cells are targets of alloreactive donor cytotoxic T lymphocytes or various proinflammatory cytokines following allo-SCT, and endothelial damage plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanism(s) of TMA associated with GVHD. However, the detailed mechanism(s) of TMA as well as GVHD have not yet been fully elucidated. Growth arrest-specific (Gas) 6 structurally belongs to the family of plasma vitamin K-dependent proteins working as a cofactor for...
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Furukawa, M., Xintao, W., Ohkawara, H., Fukatsu, M., Alkebsi, L., Noji, H., Ogawa, K., Ikezoe, T. Tags: 701. Experimental Transplantation: Basic Biology, Pre-Clinical Models: Poster III Source Type: research

1,25 ‑Dihydroxyvitamin D regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing miR-125b.
This study aimed to explore whether 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates macrophage polarization in inflammation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and colitis mice were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Macrophages were transfected with siRNA-vitamin D receptor (VDR) or miR-125b mimic or inhibitor, and 1,25(OH)2D3-pretreated colitis mice were injected with a miR-125b agomir. The distribution of macrophage subsets and macrophage subtype characteristics was analyzed. As expected, 1,25(OH)2D3 transformed lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 macrophages to the M2 subset, downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 expression and interfe...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - December 9, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhu X, Zhu Y, Li C, Yu J, Ren D, Qiu S, Nie Y, Yu X, Xu X, Zhu W Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

Pro-fibrotic effects of IL-17A and elevated IL-17RA in IPF and RA-ILD support a direct role for IL-17A/IL-17RA in human fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
Abstract Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a T helper 17 (Th17) cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although IL-17A has a well-established role in murine pulmonary fibrosis models, it's role in the tissue remodeling and fibrosis occurring in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and RA associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is not very well defined. To address this question, we utilized complimentary studies to determine responsiveness of human normal and pathogenic lung fibroblasts to IL-17A and used lung biopsies acquired from patients with idiop...
Source: Am J Physiol Lung Ce... - January 3, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zhang J, Wang D, Wang L, Wang S, Roden AC, Zhao H, Li X, Prakash YS, Matteson EL, Tschumperlin DJ, Vassallo R Tags: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Source Type: research

SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Christine I. Alston1,2 and Richard D. Dix1,2* 1Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomega...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Pim ‐1 As a Therapeutic Target in Lupus Nephritis
ConclusionThese data identify Pim ‐1 as a critical regulator of LN pathogenesis in patients with SLE. Targeting of the Pim‐1/NFATc1/NLRP3 pathway might therefore have therapeutic potential in human LN.
Source: Arthritis and Rheumatology - July 1, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Rong Fu, Yong Xia, Meirong Li, Renxiang Mao, Chaohuan Guo, Mianjing Zhou, Hechang Tan, Meiling Liu, Shuang Wang, Niansheng Yang, Jijun Zhao Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

RNAi Transfection Optimized in Primary Na ïve B Cells for the Targeted Analysis of Human Plasma Cell Differentiation
This study reports a validated non-viral method of siRNA delivery into human primary B cells that can be applied to study gene regulatory networks that control human ASC differentiation.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 22, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

TGF ‐β secreted by human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates atopic dermatitis by inhibiting secretion of TNF‐α and IgE
This study investigated the role of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) in the therapeutic effect of hUCB‐MSCs on AD. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐ mediated depletion of TGF‐β disrupted the therapeutic effect of hUCB‐MSCs in a mouse model of AD by attenuating the beneficial changes in histopathology, mast cell infiltration, tumor necrosis factor ‐alpha (TNF ‐α) expression, and the serum IgE level. To confirm that hUCB‐MSCs regulate secretion of TNF‐α, we investigated whether they inhibit TNF‐α secretion by activated LAD2 cells. Coculture with hUCB‐MSCs significantly inhibited secretion of ...
Source: Stem Cells - April 10, 2020 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Hwanhee Park, Seunghee Lee, Yeonsil Yu, SaeMi Yoo, Song Yi Baek, Namhee Jung, Kwang ‐Won Seo, Kyung‐Sun Kang Tags: Translational and Clinical Research Source Type: research

Oligodendrocyte ARNT2 expression is altered in models of MS
Conclusion The analysis of ARNT2 expression in OLs demonstrates that OL ARNT2 expression is altered in EAE and during OL maturation. Findings point to ARNT2 as an important mediator of OL viability and differentiation and warrant further characterization as a target for intervention in demyelinating disorders such as MS.
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - May 20, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Becquart, P., Johnston, J., Vilarino-Güell, C., Quandt, J. A. Tags: All Immunology, Autoimmune diseases, Multiple sclerosis Article Source Type: research

Ganglioside GT1b increases hyaluronic acid synthase 2 via PI3K activation with TLR2 dependence in orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients.
In conclusion, GT1b induced HAS2 in orbital fibroblasts from TED patients via activation of the PI3K-related signaling pathway, dependent on TLR2. PMID: 33407998 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: BMB Reports - January 7, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yoo HK, Park H, Hwang HS, Kim HJ, Choi YH, Kook KH Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: research

Ganglioside GT1b increases hyaluronic acid synthase 2 via PI3K activation with TLR2 dependence in orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients
In conclusion, GT1b induced HAS2 in orbital fibroblasts from TED patients via activation of the PI3K-related signaling pathway, dependent on TLR2.PMID:33407998
Source: BMB Reports - January 7, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Hyun Kyu Yoo Hyunju Park Hye Suk Hwang Hee Ja Kim Youn-Hee Choi Koung Hoon Kook Source Type: research