Pharmacists’ role in Antimicrobial Stewardship and relationship with antibiotic consumption in hospitals: an observational multicentre study
ConclusionsAntibiotic consumption was lower when the antibiotic advisor was a pharmacist and when the pharmaceutical team reviewed all prescriptions. These results highlight that actions initiated by pharmacists have a positive impact and should be supported. (Source: Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance)
Source: Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance - July 17, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The role of salience in young children’s processing of ad hoc implicatures
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Volume 186Author(s): Erica J. Yoon, Michael C. FrankAbstractLanguage comprehension often requires making implicatures. For example, inferring that “I ate some of the cookies” implicates that the speaker ate some but not all (scalar implicatures), and “I ate the chocolate chip cookies” where there are both chocolate chip cookies and raisin cookies in the context implicates that the speaker ate the chocolate chip cookies but not both the chocolate chip and raisin cookies (ad hoc implicatures). Children’s ability to make scalar implicatu...
Source: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology - June 18, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research
Comparison of Aspergillus Section Nigri Species Populations in Conventional and Organic Raisin Vineyards.
Abstract
Species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri are widespread in the vineyard environment, both in soil and on plant surfaces. We used plate counts and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) methods to compare populations of the four most prevalent species (A. carbonarius, A. niger, A. welwitschiae, and A. tubingensis) over two consecutive years in conventional and organic vineyards, to determine whether management affects the potential distribution of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species. In 2016, plate counts showed that soil populations of total filamentous fungi and of Aspergillus section Nigri species were...
Source: Current Microbiology - May 8, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Palumbo JD, O'Keeffe TL, Quejarro BJ, Yu A, Zhao A Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: research
Impact of Parkinson's disease on the efficiency of masticatory cycles: Electromyographic analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Parkinson's disease interferes in the electromyographic activity of the masticatory cycles by reducing muscular efficiency.
PMID: 31012437 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal)
Source: Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal - April 24, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal Source Type: research
Temperate Prophages Increase Bacterial Adhesin Expression and Virulence in an Experimental Model of Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus aureus From the CC398 Lineage
Conclusion
Introduction of bacteriophages from human-adapted S. aureus to a naïve animal colonizer resulted in virulent strains with altered transcription levels of important bacterial adhesins. Furthermore, the presence of bacteriophages conferred increased virulence in a model of infectious endocarditis for all lysogens tested.
Author Contributions
FL, A-RC, and MG performed the adhesion and internalization experiments. A-RC and NM-M performed the transduction experiments. SD performed genome assembly and comparisons. FO and JE performed endocarditis experiments. NM-M and PF designed the study. FL, NM-M, and PF...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Dietary raisin intake has limited effect on gut microbiota composition in adult volunteers
Dried fruits, such as raisins, contain phytochemicals and dietary fibers that contribute to maintaining health, potentially at least partially through modification in gut microbiota composition and activities.... (Source: Nutrition Journal)
Source: Nutrition Journal - March 7, 2019 Category: Nutrition Authors: Akemi T. Wijayabahu, Sheldon G. Waugh, Maria Ukhanova and Volker Mai Tags: Research Source Type: research
Fabrication of novel casein gel with controlled release property via acidification, spray drying and tableting approach
Publication date: Available online 11 February 2019Source: Colloids and Surfaces B: BiointerfacesAuthor(s): Songwen Tan, Koentadi Hadinoto, Amirali Ebrahimi, Timothy LangrishAbstractIn this work, casein has been acidified at a pH of 1.0, forming a shampoo/lotion-like gel. It has been further processed by spray drying and tableting for controlled-release applications. The engineered casein gel shows higher moisture contents and lower Tg/dehydration temperatures compared with the non-gelled casein, based on the DSC and FTIR analysis. Casein is sensitive to thermal exposure (DSC), and no significant change in the casein was o...
Source: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces - February 11, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
A risk assessment of dietary exposure to Ochratoxin A for the Polish population
Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019Source: Food ChemistryAuthor(s): Ilona Hajok, Anna Kowalska, Agata Piekut, Małgorzata Ćwieląg-DrabekAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the content of ochratoxin A (OTA) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in selected food products, in the aspect of consumer health hazards. In the study 473 samples of food products, available on the Silesia market in Poland, were analyzed. For the determination of ochratoxin A in food, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection was used. Almost 22% of the samples were contaminated...
Source: Food Chemistry - January 23, 2019 Category: Food Science Source Type: research
Post-storage changes of volatile compounds in air- and sun-dried raisins with different packaging materials using HS-SPME with GC/MS
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2019Source: Food Research InternationalAuthor(s): Hafiz Umer Javed, Dong Wang, Guang-Feng Wu, Qari Muhammad Kaleem, Chang-Qing Duan, Ying ShiAbstractFree- and bound-form volatiles in sun-dried raisins (SDRs) and air-dried raisins (ADRs) of ‘Thompson Seedless’ were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of storage. The compounds originating from glycosidically bound (GB) volatiles were significantly more abundant in bound-form than their free-form. A total of 89 and 88 free-form compounds were identified in ADRs and SDRs, res...
Source: Food Research International - January 10, 2019 Category: Food Science Source Type: research
Fenitrothion sensing with reduced graphene oxide decorated fumed silica nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode
In this study, a nanocomposite was prepared via reducing graphene oxide on fumed silica (FS) surface to develop a modified electrode for the determination of fenitrothion (FNT). Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) decorated FS (FS@RGO) was used to modify glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The modified electrode decreased the overpotential of FNT (80 mV) and increased prominently the reduction peak current of FNT (9 times). Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the FS@RGO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized. The presence of FS on FS@RGO structure ...
Source: Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical - December 30, 2018 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research
Numerical simulation of lubricated DLC-coated point contacts under infinite sliding conditions
This article examines the influence of low thermal inertia coatings, such as diamond-like carbon coatings, on the lubrication of point contacts operating under zero entrainment velocity conditions. Stationary thermal elasto-hydrodynamic simulations are performed to analyze modifications to the thermal viscosity wedge mechanism induced by the presence of such coatings. Three configurations, namely a steel-steel contact, a DLC coated steel-DLC coated steel contact and a steel-DLC coated steel contact, are investigated. For each configuration, temperature, pressure and film thickness profiles are presented in order to discuss...
Source: Tribology International - December 24, 2018 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research
Association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in a selected population of Lower Silesia (PURE Study Poland).
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary patterns identified in this study were differently related to selected anthropometric and biochemical risk factors for CVD. 'Fruit, vegetables & dairy' DP was favourably associated with the biochemical and anthropometric CVD risk factors, and was characterized by higher nutritional value in comparison with 'traditional' and 'fat & sugar' DPs.
PMID: 30586977 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM)
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - December 20, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Czekajło A, Różańska D, Zatońska K, Szuba A, Regulska-Ilow B Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research
Influence of microbial communities on the chemical and sensory features of Falanghina sweet passito wines
Publication date: Available online 19 November 2018Source: Food Research InternationalAuthor(s): Francesca De Filippis, Maria Aponte, Paola Piombino, Maria Tiziana Lisanti, Luigi Moio, Danilo Ercolini, Giuseppe BlaiottaAbstractNatural (N) as well as starter inoculated (S, inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae M3–5; CZS, Candida zemplinina T13, Zygosaccharomyces bailii NS113 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae M3–5) fermentations of Falanghina must from dehydrated grape were monitored. Culture dependent analyses and amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing targeting 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes were used to monitor the fung...
Source: Food Research International - November 21, 2018 Category: Food Science Source Type: research
Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 2907: Variety Identification of Raisins Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
o
Yong He
Different varieties of raisins have different nutritional properties and vary in commercial value. An identification method of raisin varieties using hyperspectral imaging was explored. Hyperspectral images of two different varieties of raisins (Wuhebai and Xiangfei) at spectral range of 874–1734 nm were acquired, and each variety contained three grades. Pixel-wise spectra were extracted and preprocessed by wavelet transform and standard normal variate, and object-wise spectra (sample average spectra) were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) ...
Source: Molecules - November 8, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Lei Feng Susu Zhu Chu Zhang Yidan Bao Pan Gao Yong He Tags: Article Source Type: research
Food aversion learning based on voluntary running in non-deprived rats: a technique for establishing aversive conditioning with minimized discomfort.
This article presents an experimental preparation for establishing conditioned food aversion (CFA) by voluntary wheel running in rats with laboratory chow and water freely available. In Experiment 1, unfamiliar food (raisins) was avoided by rats when they first encountered it. This neophobic food avoidance was habituated by repeated tests; the rats gradually increased their raisin consumption. However, the consumption remained suppressed in rats that accessed the raisins after wheel running. This finding implies that running yielded CFA, which suppressed consumption of the unfamiliar food rather than increasing it. Because...
Source: Experimental Animals - October 6, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Exp Anim Source Type: research
