Effect of Maillard reaction on the quality of clarified butter, ghee
AbstractIn Ayurveda, a traditional Indian medicine system, clarified butter is called ghee and is used for food and medicinal purposes. Since butter is subjected to heat to prepare ghee, the heating process affects the ghee quality, such as oxidation, flavor, nutritional value, and biological activity. Therefore, this study focused on the Maillard reaction progress and free-radical scavenging activity with temperature and time during ghee preparation. First, ghee was prepared at low to high temperatures, and its quality (milk fat content, retinol, α-tocopherol, peroxide value, Maillard reaction progress, and free radical ...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - November 3, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Communiferulins, farnesylated coumarins from the roots of Ferula communis and their anti-neuroinflammatory activity
AbstractThree new farnesylated coumarins, communiferulins A –C (1–3), and a farnesylated chromone, ferchromone (4), were isolated from the roots of an Apiaceous plantFerula communis. Their structures including the relative configurations were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and calculations of the NMR data. Communiferulins A –C (1–3) had dihydrofuran rings fused to C-3 and C-4 of their coumarin moieties, while3 possessed one additional furan ring. HPLC analyses using a chiral column showed1–4 to be racemates, and the absolute configurations of (+)-1, ( –)-1, (+)-2, and (–)-2 were deduc...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - October 26, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Seasonal variation of alkaloids and polyphenol in Ephedra sinica cultivated in Japan and controlling factors
AbstractWe investigated the seasonal variation of alkaloids (ephedrine and pseudoephedrine), total polyphenol, and sugar contents inEphedra sinica cultivated in Japan and elucidated the controlling factors for the variation. In 2018, alkaloids and polyphenol contents increased dramatically from May to July, decreased to their lowest in October, and slightly increased again in November. The reduction of alkaloids and polyphenol contents in the autumn may be affected by precipitation in summer. In 2020, alkaloids and polyphenol contents started to decrease in late July when rainfall was abundant from July to August. In contr...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - October 25, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
17 β-neriifolin from unripe fruits of Cerbera manghas suppressed cell proliferation via the inhibition of HOXA9-dependent transcription and the induction of apoptosis in the human AML cell line THP-1
AbstractHomeobox A9 (HOXA9) is a transcription factor that is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of AML, and is a factor responsible for a poor prognosis. Therefore, the development of HOXA9-targeting molecules may contribute to not only better understanding of the mechanism of HOXA9 regulation, but also the development of therapeutic applications. We constructed a reporter assay system using the promoter region of the KBTBD10 gene, to which HOXA9 directly binds and regulates transcription, in the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Using this l...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - October 21, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Effect of drying and processing on diterpenes and other chemical constituents of ginger
AbstractGinger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a perennial plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and its rhizomes are sometimes processed for use in traditional medicine. In Japan, “ginger” (Shokyo in Japanese) and “processed ginger” (Kankyo in Japanese) are defined as crude drugs derived from ginger rhizomes, which have different medicinal properties due to complex changes in their chemical composition during processing. The effects of processing on gingerols and shog aols are well known, but for other phytochemicals remain unclear. Therefore, the present study prepared dried ginger and pro...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - October 9, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Content and distribution of prunasin in Perilla frutescens
AbstractPerilla frutescens var.crispa (Lamiaceae) is an annual plant that is the botanical origin of the natural medicine “Soyo” listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia and is also used as a fragrant vegetable. Its characteristic components are essential oils and anthocyanins. Cyanogenic glycosides have also been isolated from perilla, but no reports have clarified which cyanogenic glycosides are abundant or differenc es in cyanogenic glycoside content according to the extent of perilla leaf growth or growth stage. Here, for the first time we determined the content and distributions of cyanogenic glycosides in perilla. Th...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 28, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Asiaticoside conveys an antifibrotic effect by inhibiting activation of hepatic stellate cells via the Jagged-1/Notch-1 pathway
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of asiaticoside (AS) against liver fibrosis (LF) both in vivo and in vitro. A rat model with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis is employed to verify the effect and mechanism of AS on the process of liver fibrosis in vivo experiment. Hematoxylin/eosin and sirius red staining was conducted to assess the severity of liver injury and fibrosis. Further, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin (TBil) were measured. In ad...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 28, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Structure –activity relationship of a housefly neuroprotective dodecapeptide that activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway
In this study, we measured the neuroprotective effects of the antioxidant peptide DFTPVCTTELGR (DR12) from houseflyMusca domestica L. pupae. Treatment of PC12 and HT22 cells with DR12 significantly reduced glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Peptide DR12 appeared to exert its neuroprotective effects by attenuating production of reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde, upregulating the endogenous antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and reversing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, DR12 treatment activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway. ...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 22, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Andrographolide ameliorates hepatic steatosis by suppressing FATP2-mediated fatty acid uptake in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
In this study, we showed that administration of Andro (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks, respectively) attenuated obesity and metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and reduced hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. HFD-fed mice presented hepatic steatosis, which was significantly p revented by Andro. In vitro, Andro decreased the intracellular lipid droplets in oleic acid-treated LO2 cells. The selected RT-PCR array revealed a robust expression suppression of the fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) by Andro treatment. Most important...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 17, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Humulus lupulus L. extract and its active constituent xanthohumol attenuate oxidative stress and nerve injury induced by iron overload via activating AKT/GSK3 β and Nrf2/NQO1 pathways
This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of hops extract (HLE) and its active constituent xanthohumol (XAN) on nerve injury induced by iron overload in vivo and in vitro, and to explore its underlying mechanism. The results showed that HLE and XAN significantly improved the memory impairment of iron overload mice, mainly manifested as shortened latency time, increased crossing platform times and spontaneous alternation ratio, and increa sed the expression of related proteins. Additionally, HLE and XAN significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, and remarkably...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 8, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Dihydroartemisinin inhibited the Warburg effect through YAP1/SLC2A1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
This study sought to determine the role of DHA in the SLC2A1 mediated Warburg effect in HCC. In this study, DHA inhibited the Warburg effect and SLC2A1 in HepG2215 cells and mice with liver tumors in situ. Meanwhile, DHA inhibited YAP1 expression by inhibiting YAP1 promoter binding protein GA binding protein transcription factor subunit beta 1 (GABPB1) and cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1). Further,YAP1 knockdown/knockout reduced the Warburg effect and SLC2A1 expression byshYAP1-HepG2215 cells andYap1LKO mice with liver tumors. Taken together, our data indicated thatYAP1 knockdown/knockout reduced the SLC2A...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 6, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Lanceolanone A, a new biflavanone, and a chalcone glucoside from the flower heads of Coreopsis lanceolata and their aldose reductase inhibitory activity and AMPK activation
AbstractThe MeOH extract of the flower heads ofCoreopsis lanceolata L. (Asteraceae) exhibited aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity (IC50 8.36 µg/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of a new biflavanone-named Lanceolanone A (1) and a chalcone glucoside (6), along with 12 known compounds (2–5 and7–14), of which4,7,9,10, and12 were isolated fromC. lanceolata for the first time. The structures of the new compounds (1 and6) were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and ECD calculation method. Compounds2,4,11,13, and14 exhibited AR...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 6, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Hepatoprotective functions of jujuboside B
This study evaluated the effect of JB on liver failure in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. First, we observed histopathological changes in the liver by optical microscopy and the activity of enzymes in serum such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). We further measured the levels of interleukin (IL)-1 β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidative parameters in liver homogenate. The expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the live...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 6, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
HPLC analysis of ammonium glycyrrhizate listed in the European, United States, and Japanese Pharmacopoeias under reported and modified conditions: revision of the peak assignment for 18 α-glycyrrhizin in the European and United States Pharmacopoeias
We examined ammonium glycyrrhizate listed in the monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) as well as in the reagents and solutions used in the general test of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia by performing HPLC on their sample standards or reference reagents under reported and modified conditions. Comparative experiments involving five authentic samples, namely, 18 β-glycyrrhizin (1), 18 α-glycyrrhizin (2), licorice –saponin G2 (3), licorice –saponin H2 (4), and galacturonic acid-replaced glycyrrhizin (the 4 ″-epimer of 18β-glycyrrhizin) (5), led us to propose the revision of t...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - September 6, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
Comprehensive profiling of phytochemicals in the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and its variety using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
This study aims to develop an integrated and efficient analytical strategy for comprehensive profiling of phytochemicals and clarify the differences in all three populations. Based on reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-QTOFMS), an optimized analytical approach for comprehensive profiling of phytochemicals in the fruits ofG. jasminoides was established in negative ionization mode. The holistic metabolites profiling was carried out on UHPLC/ESI-QTOFMS and data analysis program Progenesis QI, and a total o...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - August 26, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research
