Metabolite profiling of Drynariae Rhizoma using 1H NMR and HPLC coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
AbstractDrynariae Rhizoma has been used to treat bone diseases and kidney deficiency in traditional medicine. Recently its aqueous extract was reported to enhance memory function. Although the Japanese standards for non-Pharmacopoeial crude drugs 2022 prescribedDrynaria roosii as the botanical origin, some counterfeits and both raw and stir-fired crude drugs are available in markets. To distinguish Drynariae Rhizoma derived fromD. roosii appropriately from others and verify the validity of uses of stir-fried ones,1H NMR-based metabolite profiling coupled with HPLC were performed. Raw samples derived fromD. roosii contained...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - August 3, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Publisher Correction: New biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins
(Source: Journal of Natural Medicines)
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - August 3, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Quantitative analysis of taxiphyllin, a cyanogenic glycoside, in the leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii
AbstractThe dried and fermented leaves ofHydrangea macrophylla var.thunbergii are currently used as crude drugs (Sweet Hydrangea Leaf) with a sweet taste for patients with diabetes. In recent years, cases of food poisoning with symptoms of vomiting etc. have been reported after drinking a decoction of this crude drug. Cyanogenic glycosides have been suggested as potential causative agents. However, cyanogenic glycosides fromH. macrophylla var.thunbergii was ambiguous. In the present study, we found that the leaves contained the cyanogenic glycoside taxiphillin (1). Next, the content of1 in leaves of different sizes, colors...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 30, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A monoacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, 21F121-A, containing a branched acyl group from Penicillium glaucoroseum
AbstractA new monoacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, 21F121-A (1), was isolated from the culture ofPenicillium glaucoroseum (21F00121) by LCMS-guided purification. The structure was elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometries. The absolute configuration of the homoserine moiety was analyzed by the ECD spectrum after acid hydrolysis, and theS-configuration of the glycerol moiety was determined based on the spectrum of the 1,2-dibenzoyl derivative after acid hydrolysis. Although a variety of diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine is distributed in lower plants and fungi, a limited number of studies on monoacyl derivatives have been r...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 29, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cordythiazole A, the first member of thiazole alkaloids from Chinese cordyceps, with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
AbstractChinese cordyceps, also known as Dong-Chong-Xia-Cao, is widely recognized as a famous precious tonic herb, and used as traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. It is mainly used for regulating the immune system and improving functions of the lung and kidney, with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. Due to its rarity and preciousness, a few chemical components are isolated and identified. Moreover, most of them are common chemical components and widely distributed in other natural resources, such as nucleosides, sterols, fatty acids, sugar alcohols, and peptides. Therefore, a large number...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 29, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Baicalin promotes antiviral IFNs production and alleviates type I IFN-induced neutrophil inflammation
AbstractType I and III interferons (IFNs) both serve as pivotal components of the host antiviral innate immune system. Although they exert similar antiviral effects, type I IFNs can also activate neutrophil inflammation, a function not born by type III IFNs. Baicalin, the main bioactive component ofScutellariae radix, has been shown to exert therapeutic effects on viral diseases due to its anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and immunomulatory activities. There is uncertainty, however, on the association between the antiviral effects of baicalin and the modulation of anti-viral IFNs production and the immunological effects of ty...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 25, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Four new stilbenes and one new flavonoid with potential antibacterial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity from Cajanus cajan
AbstractFour new stilbenes (1–4) and one new flavonoid (5), named cajanines D –H, together with three known stilbenes (6–8) were isolated from the leaves ofCajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeon pea). The structures of these compounds were elucidated unambiguously on the basis of IR, 1D, and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS data. Structurally, stilbenes1–4 bore an isopentyl side chain, and further hydroxylation of compounds1–3 generated a greater variety of structural forms. Compound5 was a flavonoid owning an isopentyl side chain. Besides, antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds againstStaphylococcus aureus,Bacil...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 18, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Arginase inhibitory activities of guaiane sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma comosa rhizomes
AbstractArginases are bimanganese enzymes involved in many human illnesses, and thus are targets for disease treatments. The screening of traditional medicinal plants demonstrated that an ethanol extract ofCurcuma comosa rhizomes showed significant human arginase I and II inhibitory activity, and further fractionation led to the isolation of three known guaiane sesquiterpenoids, alismoxide (1), 7 α,10α-epoxyguaiane-4α,11-diol (2) and guaidiol (3). Tests of their inhibitory activities on human arginases I and II revealed that1 exhibited selective and potent competitive inhibition for human arginase I (IC50 = 30.2 μ...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 18, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Application of the relative molar sensitivity method using GC-FID to quantify safranal in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
AbstractSafranal is one flavor component of saffron, which is used as a spice, food additive, and crude drug. In ISO3632, safranal is defined as the compound that contributes to the quality of saffron, and many quantitative determination methods for safranal have been reported. However, safranal is volatile and degrades easily during storage, and an analytical standard with an exact known purity is not commercially available, making it difficult to quantify accurately the content of safranal in saffron. Here, we developed a method for quantifying safranal using relative molar sensitivity (RMS), called the RMS method, using...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 14, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Eurycoma longifolia alkaloid components ameliorate hyperuricemic nephropathy via regulating serum uric acid level and relieving inflammatory reaction
Abstract Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. We have previously showed the uric-acid-lowering effect ofEurycoma longifolia Jack, yet the renal protective effect and mechanism ofE. longifolia remain obscure. The mouse model of hyperuricemic nephropathy was induced by adenine combined with potassium oxonate in male C57BL/6  J mice.E. Longifolia alkaloid components could reduce the level of serum uric acid by regulating the expression of hepatic phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase (PRPS), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), and renal urate transporter organic anion...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 12, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

New biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins
AbstractIn the current review, we describe the novel biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins, including elatosides, momordins, senegasaponins, camelliasaponins, and escins, obtained fromAralia elata (bark, root cortex, young shoot),Kochia scoparia (fruit),Polygala senega var.latifolia (roots),Camellia japonica (seeds), andAesculus hippocastanum (seeds), considering the following biofunctional activities: (1) inhibitory effects on elevated levels of blood alcohol and glucose in alcohol and glucose-loaded rats, respectively, (2) inhibitory effects on gastric emptying in rats and mice, (3) accelerative effe...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 12, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Metabolomics analysis of peony root using NMR spectroscopy and impact of the preprocessing method for NMR data in multivariate analysis
Abstract Peony root is an important herbal drug used as an antispasmodic analgesic. To evaluate peony roots with different botanical origins, producing areas, and post-harvest processing,1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis was employed. Five types of monoterpenoids, including albiflorin (4), paeoniflorin (6), and sulfonated paeoniflorin (25), and six other compounds, including 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl- β-d-glucose (18), benzoic acid (21), gallic acid (22), and sucrose (26) were detected in the extracts of peony root samples. Among them, compounds4,6,18, and total monoterpenoids including21 were quantified by quantitati...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 11, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Panaxindole, a novel indole alkaloid N-glucoside from the leaves of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (Vietnamese ginseng)
AbstractVietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha and Grushv., Araliaceae) is indigenous in the central highlands of Vietnam and the southernmost distribution in thePanax genus. Like other ginseng, Vietnamese ginseng is well known has been used as a tonic and for management of certain diseases in the traditional medicine. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that in respect to the long history in use and systematic studied on Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), Japanese ginseng (P. japonicus), and Chinese ginseng (P. notoginseng), the up-to-date published database on Vietnamese ginseng is relatively...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - July 11, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Fucoxanthin exert dose-dependent antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis
AbstractThe lack of an effective non-surgical liver fibrosis treatment is a major problem in hepatology. Fucoxanthin is a marine xanthophyll that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties, thereby indicating its potential effectiveness in the treatment of liver fibrosis. The study aims to investigate the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of fucoxanthin and its main mechanisms on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in 50 outbred ICR/CD1 mice. 2  μl/g of CCl4 were injected intraperitoneally 2 times a week for 6  weeks. Fucoxanthin (5, 10, 30 mg/kg) was administered v...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - June 30, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of swertianolin, isolated from swertia herb
In this study, we explored the active compounds in methanolic extract of swertia herb. The dried extract was dissolved in water and partitioned withn-hexane, ethyl acetate, andn-butanol, successively. The part soluble in ethyl acetate showed effective anti-H. pylori activity, and two compounds, swertianolin (1) and isoorientin (2), were isolated. The IC50 values of1,2, and amoxicillin (AMPC) which is used as positive control were 6.1, 177.0, and 0.044  μM, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of1 and AMPC were 91.7 and 0.21  μM, respectively. The MBC of2 could not be determined (>  892...
Source: Journal of Natural Medicines - June 29, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research