Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 626: Detection and Characterization of Influenza A Virus Endemic Circulation in Suckling and Nursery Pigs Originating from Vaccinated Farms in the Same Production System
The objective of this study was to evaluate the detection of IAV in suckling and nursery piglets from IAV-vaccinated sows from farms with endemic IAV infections. Eight nasal swab collections were obtained from 135 two-week-old suckling piglets from four farms every other week from March to September 2013. Oral fluid samples were collected from the same group of nursery piglets. IAV RNA was detected in 1.64% and 31.01% of individual nasal swabs and oral fluids, respectively. H1N2 was detected most often, with sporadic detection of H1N1 and H3N2. Whole-genome sequences of IAV isolated from suckling piglets revealed an H1 hem...
Source: Viruses - April 18, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Alessandra Silva Dias Amy L. Vincent Baker Rodney B. Baker Jianqiang Zhang Michael A. Zeller Pravina Kitikoon Phillip C. Gauger Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 548: Pandemic Risk Assessment for Swine Influenza A Virus in Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Models
kis
Stephen Mark Tompkins
Swine influenza A viruses pose a public health concern as novel and circulating strains occasionally spill over into human hosts, with the potential to cause disease. Crucial to preempting these events is the use of a threat assessment framework for human populations. However, established guidelines do not specify which animal models or in vitro substrates should be used. We completed an assessment of a contemporary swine influenza isolate, A/swine/GA/A27480/2019 (H1N2), using animal models and human cell substrates. Infection studies in vivo revealed high replicative ability and a pathogeni...
Source: Viruses - March 31, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Ian Padykula Lambodhar Damodaran Kelsey T. Young Madelyn Krunkosky Emily F. Griffin James F. North Peter J. Neasham Vasilis C. Pliasas Chris L. Siepker James B. Stanton Elizabeth W. Howerth Justin Bahl Constantinos S. Kyriakis Stephen Mark Tompkins Tags: Article Source Type: research
Characteristics of two zoonotic swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated in Germany from diseased patients
Int J Med Microbiol. 2024 Jan 24;314:151609. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151609. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInterspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (IAV) from pigs to humans is a concerning event as porcine IAV represent a reservoir of potentially pandemic IAV. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two porcine A(H1N1)v viruses isolated from human cases by evaluating their genetic, antigenic and virological characteristics. The HA genes of those human isolates belonged to clades 1C.2.1 and 1C.2.2, respectively, of the A(H1N1) Eurasian avian-like swine influenza lineage. Antigenic profiling revealed substantial c...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alla Heider Marianne Wedde Viola Weinheimer Stephanie D öllinger Masyar Monazahian Ralf D ürrwald Thorsten Wolff Brunhilde Schweiger Source Type: research
A case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England, November 2023
Euro Surveill. 2024 Jan;29(3):2400002. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.3.2400002.ABSTRACTUnder International Health Regulations from 2005, a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus variant is considered an event that has potential for high public health impact and is immediately notifiable to the World Health Organisation. We here describe the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of a confirmed human case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England detected through community respiratory virus surveillance. Swabbing and contact tracing helped refine public health risk assessment, following this unusua...
Source: Euro Surveill - January 19, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jade Cogdale Beatrix Kele Richard Myers Ruth Harvey Abi Lofts Tanya Mikaiel Katja Hoschler Ashley C Banyard Joe James Benjamin C Mollett Alexander Mp Byrne Jamie Lopez-Bernal Conall H Watson Meera Chand William Welfare Deborah A Williamson Isabel Oliver S Source Type: research
A case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England, November 2023
Under International Health Regulations from 2005, a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus variant is considered an event that has potential for high public health impact and is immediately notifiable to the World Health Organisation. We here describe the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of a confirmed human case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England detected through community respiratory virus surveillance. Swabbing and contact tracing helped refine public health risk assessment, following this unusual and unexpected finding. (Source: Eurosurveillance)
Source: Eurosurveillance - January 18, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jade Cogdale, Beatrix Kele, Richard Myers, Ruth Harvey, Abi Lofts, Tanya Mikaiel, Katja Hoschler, Ashley C Banyard, Joe James, Benjamin C Mollett, Alexander MP Byrne, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Conall H Watson, Meera Chand, William Welfare, Deborah A Williamson, Source Type: research
H1N2 swine flu: UK's first human case recovers after mild illness
Infected person has made full recovery but officials are investigating where they caught the virus and whether they may have passed it to other people (Source: New Scientist - Health)
Source: New Scientist - Health - November 27, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: research
Quadrivalent neuraminidase RNA particle vaccine protects pigs against homologous and heterologous strains of swine influenza virus infection
This study evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an adjuvanted, quadrivalent RNA Particle vaccine (Sequivity NA), currently licensed as Sequivity® IAV-S NA. This vaccine was formulated based on four NA antigens representing the major NA clades of IAV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 circulating in swine herds in the United States. In a series of trials, pigs were vaccinated twice, at three days and three weeks of age (WOA), followed by challenge with either homologous or heterologous IAV strains at 8 or 15 WOA. The Sequivity NA vaccine induced robust serum NA inhibition (NI) antibody and protected against IAV-S strains...
Source: Vaccine - October 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pravina Kitikoon Susan M Knetter Mark A Mogler Chandra L Morgan Allison Hoehn Supraja Puttamreddy Erin L Strait Ruud P A M Segers Source Type: research
Quadrivalent neuraminidase RNA particle vaccine protects pigs against homologous and heterologous strains of swine influenza virus infection
This study evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an adjuvanted, quadrivalent RNA Particle vaccine (Sequivity NA), currently licensed as Sequivity® IAV-S NA. This vaccine was formulated based on four NA antigens representing the major NA clades of IAV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 circulating in swine herds in the United States. In a series of trials, pigs were vaccinated twice, at three days and three weeks of age (WOA), followed by challenge with either homologous or heterologous IAV strains at 8 or 15 WOA. The Sequivity NA vaccine induced robust serum NA inhibition (NI) antibody and protected against IAV-S strains...
Source: Vaccine - October 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pravina Kitikoon Susan M Knetter Mark A Mogler Chandra L Morgan Allison Hoehn Supraja Puttamreddy Erin L Strait Ruud P A M Segers Source Type: research
Heterologous prime-boost H1N1 vaccination exacerbates disease following challenge with a mismatched H1N2 influenza virus in the swine model
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a significant threat to both human and animal health. Developing IAV vaccine strategies able to elicit broad heterologous protection against antigenically diverse IAV strains is pivotal in effectively controlling the disease. The goal of this study was to examine the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of diverse H1N1 influenza vaccine strategies including monovalent, bivalent, and heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens, against a mismatched H1N2 swine influenza virus. Five groups were homologous prime-boost vaccinated with either an oil-adjuvanted whole-inactivated virus (WIV) mon...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - October 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Genetic diversification patterns in swine influenza A virus (H1N2) in vaccinated and nonvaccinated animals
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are characterized by having a segmented genome, low proofreading polymerases, and a wide host range. Consequently, IAVs are constantly evolving in nature causing a threat to animal and human health. In 2009 a new human pandemic IAV strain arose in Mexico because of a reassortment between two strains previously circulating in pigs; Eurasian “avian-like” (EA) swine H1N1 and “human-like” H1N2, highlighting the importance of swine as adaptation host of avian to human IAVs. Nowadays, although of limited use, a trivalent vaccine, which include in its formulation H1N1, H3N2, and, H1N2 swine IAV ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Human Infections With Swine Influenza Viruses Identified in US
Two people who recently attended different agricultural fairs in Michigan have contracted influenza viruses from pigs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported on August 4. One patient was presumed to be positive for influenza A(H3) variant virus based on local epidemiological findings. Diagnostic testing confirmed the second person ’s infection with influenza A(H1N2) variant virus. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - August 23, 2023 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
A polyvalent virosomal influenza vaccine induces broad cellular and humoral immunity in pigs
Influenza A virus (IAV) is endemic in pigs globally and co-circulation of genetically and antigenically diverse virus lineages of subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 is a challenge for the development of effective va... (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - August 16, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Vanessa Haach, Ana Paula Almeida Bastos, Danielle Gava, Francisco No é da Fonseca, Marcos Antônio Zanella Morés, Arlei Coldebella, Ana Cláudia Franco and Rejane Schaefer Tags: Research Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 576: Introductions of Human-Origin Seasonal H3N2, H1N2 and Pre-2009 H1N1 Influenza Viruses to Swine in Brazil
ejane Schaefer
In South America, the evolutionary history of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine has been obscured by historically low levels of surveillance, and this has hampered the assessment of the zoonotic risk of emerging viruses. The extensive genetic diversity of IAV in swine observed globally has been attributed mainly to bidirectional transmission between humans and pigs. We conducted surveillance in swine in Brazil during 2011–2020 and characterized 107 H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 IAVs. Phylogenetic analysis based on HA and NA segments revealed that human seasonal IAVs were introduced at least eight tim...
Source: Viruses - February 19, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Caroline Tochetto Dennis M. Junqueira Tavis K. Anderson Danielle Gava Vanessa Haach Mauricio E. Cant ão Amy L. Vincent Baker Rejane Schaefer Tags: Article Source Type: research
JMM Profile: Swine influenza A virus: a neglected virus with pandemic potential
J Med Microbiol. 2023 Jan;72(1). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001623.ABSTRACTSwine influenza is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The ability of SwIAV to spread bidirectionally from animals to humans (zoonotic), and from humans to animals (reverse zoonotic), drives coinfection that can result in gene segment exchange and elevates the risk of generating viruses with pandemic potential. Compared to human-origin influenza A viruses, current data indicate a greater diversity amongst circulating SwIAVs, with three major subtypes (classified by haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) circulating gl...
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - February 7, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Benjamin C Mollett Helen E Everett Pauline M van Diemen Alexander M P Byrne Andrew Ramsay Joe James Scott M Reid Rowena D E Hansen Nicola S Lewis Ian H Brown Ashley C Banyard Source Type: research
JMM Profile: Swine influenza A virus: a neglected virus with pandemic potential
J Med Microbiol. 2023 Jan;72(1). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001623.ABSTRACTSwine influenza is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The ability of SwIAV to spread bidirectionally from animals to humans (zoonotic), and from humans to animals (reverse zoonotic), drives coinfection that can result in gene segment exchange and elevates the risk of generating viruses with pandemic potential. Compared to human-origin influenza A viruses, current data indicate a greater diversity amongst circulating SwIAVs, with three major subtypes (classified by haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) circulating gl...
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - February 7, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Benjamin C Mollett Helen E Everett Pauline M van Diemen Alexander M P Byrne Andrew Ramsay Joe James Scott M Reid Rowena D E Hansen Nicola S Lewis Ian H Brown Ashley C Banyard Source Type: research
