The origin of the PB1 segment of swine influenza A virus subtype H1N2 determines viral pathogenicity in mice.
Abstract
Swine appear to be a key species in the generation of novel human influenza pandemics. Previous pandemic viruses are postulated to have evolved in swine by reassortment of avian, human, and swine influenza viruses. The human pandemic influenza viruses that emerged in 1957 and 1968 as well as swine viruses circulating since 1998 encode PB1 segments derived from avian influenza viruses. Here we investigate the possible role in viral replication and virulence of the PB1 gene segments present in two swine H1N2 influenza A viruses, A/swine/Sweden/1021/2009(H1N2) (sw 1021) and A/swine/Sweden/9706/2010(H...
Source: Virus Research - April 12, 2014 Category: Virology Authors: Metreveli G, Gao Q, Mena N, Schmolke M, Berg M, Albrecht RA, García-Sastre A Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research
Within-host influenza dynamics: A small-scale mathematical modeling approach.
Abstract
The emergence of new influenza viruses like the pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus in 2009 (A(H1N1)pdm09) with unpredictable difficulties in vaccine coverage and established antiviral treatment protocols emphasizes the need of new murine models to prove the activity of novel antiviral compounds in vivo. The aim of the present study was to develop a small-scale mathematical model based on easily attainable experimental data to explain differences in influenza kinetics induced by different virus strains in mice. To develop a three-dimensional ordinary differential equation model of influenza dynamics, ...
Source: Biosystems - March 10, 2014 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Manchanda H, Seidel N, Krumbholz A, Sauerbrei A, Schmidtke M, Guthke R Tags: Biosystems Source Type: research
Diverse inter-continental and host lineage reassortant avian influenza A viruses in pelagic seabirds.
In this study, we analyzed 21 AIVs found in two distant breeding colonies of Common Murre (Uria aalge) in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, during 2011. Phylogenetic analyses and genotype assignments were performed for the 21 Common Murre viruses together with all Common and Thick-billed Murre (Uria lomvia) AIV sequences available in public sequence databases. All fully characterized viruses from the Common Murres in 2011 were H1N2 subtype, but the genome sequences revealed greater diversity and the viruses belonged to four distinct genotypes. The four genotypes shared most segments in common, but reassortment was observe...
Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution - January 23, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Huang Y, Robertson GJ, Ojkic D, Whitney H, Lang AS Tags: Infect Genet Evol Source Type: research
A Historical Perspective of Influenza A(H1N2) Virus.
We report on the differing histories of A(H1N2) viruses among humans and animals.
PMID: 24377419 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - January 1, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Komadina N, McVernon J, Hall R, Leder K Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: research
Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H1N2) Virus Derived from A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Isolated from Swine, Japan, 2012.
Abstract
We isolated a novel influenza virus A(H1N2) strain from a pig on January 13, 2012, in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain was a novel type of double-reassortant virus derived from the swine influenza virus strains H1N1pdm09 and H1N2, which were prevalent in Gunma at that time.
PMID: 24274745 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - November 30, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kobayashi M, Takayama I, Kageyama T, Tsukagoshi H, Saitoh M, Ishioka T, Yokota Y, Kimura H, Tashiro M, Kozawa K Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: research
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H7 antibodies
Conclusions:
The ELISAs are a potential alternative to the HI test for screening of large amounts of avian sera, although only experimental sera were tested in this study. (Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica)
Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica - November 21, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Trine JensenGitte AjjouriKurt HandbergMarek SlomkaVivien CowardMartine CherbonnelVéronique JestinPeter LindPoul Jørgensen Source Type: research
Population dynamics of cocirculating swine influenza A viruses in the United States from 2009 to 2012
ConclusionsSurveillance and reporting of IAV in US swine have increased since 2009, and we demonstrate a period of expanded viral diversity. These data may be used to inform intervention strategies of vaccine and diagnostic updates and changes in swine health management. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)
Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses - November 14, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tavis K. Anderson, Martha I. Nelson, Pravina Kitikoon, Sabrina L. Swenson, John A. Korslund, Amy L. Vincent Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Genetic and biological characterisation of an avian-like H1N2 swine influenza virus generated by reassortment of circulating avian-like H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes in Denmark
Conclusions:
The "avian-like" H1N2 subtype, which has been established in the Danish pig population at least since 2003, is a reassortant between circulating swine "avian-like" H1N1 and H3N2. The Danish H1N2 has an "avian-like" H1 and differs from most other reported H1N2 viruses in Europe and North America/Asia, which have H1-genes of human or "classical-swine" origin, respectively. The variant seems, however, also to be circulating in countries like Sweden and Italy. The infection dynamics of the reassorted "avian-like" H1N2 is similar to the older "avian-like" H1N1 subtype. (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - September 18, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Ramona TrebbienKaroline BragstadLars LarsenJens NielsenAnette BøtnerPeter HeegaardAnders FomsgaardBirgitte ViuffCharlotte Hjulsager Source Type: research
The first detection of influenza in the Finnish pig population: a retrospective study
Conclusions:
Based on our study, swine influenza of avian-like H1N1 virus was introduced into the Finnish pig population in 2008 and A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2009. The source of avian-like H1N1 infection could not be determined. Cases of pandemic H1N1 in pigs coincided with the period when the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was spread in humans in Finland. (Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica)
Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica - September 18, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tiina NokirekiTaina LaineLaura LondonNiina IkonenAnita Huovilainen Source Type: research
Distinction of subtype-specific antibodies against European porcine influenza viruses by indirect ELISA based on recombinant hemagglutinin protein fragment-1
Conclusions:
Bacterially expressed recombinant NP and HA1 swine influenza virus proteins served as antigens in indirect ELISAs and provided an alternative to commercial blocking NP ELISA and HI assays concerning generic (NP-specific) and HA subtype-specific sero-diagnostics, respectively, on a herd basis. (Source: Virology Journal)
Source: Virology Journal - July 30, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Na ZhaoElke LangeSybille KubaldChristian GrundMartin BeerTimm Harder Source Type: research
Active Surveillance for Influenza A Virus among Swine, Midwestern United States, 2009-2011.
Abstract
Veterinary diagnostic laboratories identify and characterize influenza A viruses primarily through passive surveillance. However, additional surveillance programs are needed. To meet this need, an active surveillance program was conducted at pig farms throughout the midwestern United States. From June 2009 through December 2011, nasal swab samples were collected monthly from among 540 groups of growing pigs and tested for influenza A virus by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Of 16,170 samples, 746 were positive for influenza A virus; of these, 18.0% were subtype H1N1, 16.0% H1N2, 7.6% H3N2, an...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - June 1, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Corzo CA, Culhane M, Juleen K, Stigger-Rosser E, Ducatez MF, Webby RJ, Lowe JF Tags: Emerg Infect Dis Source Type: research
Serological investigation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 in ostriches (Struthio camelus).
Abstract
An ostrich farm of 929 birds that tested polymerase chain reaction-positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 in a single sample was designated for culling, despite no evidence of sero-conversion as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. A month later and immediately prior to culling, all birds were bled and tested with an IDEXX avian influenza virus (AIV) nucleoprotein (NP)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a high sero-prevalence was detected. To address the question of whether the NP-specific antibodies detected indicated exposure to H5 or non-H5 subty...
Source: Avian Pathology - March 1, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Abolnik C, Fehrsen J, Olivier A, van Wyngaardt W, Fosgate G, Ellis C Tags: Avian Pathol Source Type: research
Expression of innate immune genes, proteins and microRNAs in lung tissue of pigs infected experimentally with influenza virus (H1N2).
This study aimed at providing a better understanding of the involvement of innate immune factors, including miRNA, in the local host response to influenza virus infection. Twenty pigs were challenged by influenza A virus subtype H1N2. Expression of microRNA (miRNA), mRNA and proteins were quantified in lung tissue at different time points after challenge (24 h, 72 h and 14 d post-infection (p.i.). Several groups of genes were significantly regulated according to time point and infection status including pattern recognition receptors (TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, retinoic acid-inducible gene I, melanoma differentiation associated prot...
Source: Innate Immunity - February 12, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Skovgaard K, Cirera S, Vasby D, Podolska A, Breum SO, Dürrwald R, Schlegel M, Heegaard PM Tags: Innate Immun Source Type: research
Immune and acute phase response in pigs experimentally infected with H1N2 swine influenza virus
FEMS Immunology&Medical Microbiology,Volume 66, Issue 3, Page 334-342, December 2012. (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)
Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology - August 24, 2012 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
