Poly(I:C) augments inactivated influenza virus-chitosan nanovaccine induced cell mediated immune response in pigs vaccinated intranasally
In conclusion, coadministration of CS NPs-poly(I:C) with CS NPs-KAg augmented the cross-reactive specific HI titers and the cell-mediated immune responses in pigs. (Source: Veterinary Microbiology)
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - February 14, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Interspecies Transmission of Reassortant Swine Influenza A Virus Containing Genes from Swine Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H1N2) Viruses
H. E. Everett et al. (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal)
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal - January 7, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Virological and epidemiological patterns of swine influenza A virus infections in France: cumulative data from the RESAVIP surveillance network, 2011–2018
This study reports virological and epidemiological data accumulated through passive surveillance conducted during 1,825 herd visits from 2011 to 2018. Among them, 887 (48.6%) tested swIAV-positive. The proportion of positive cases remained stable year-on-year and year-round. The European avian-like swine H1N1 (H1avN1) virus was the most frequently identified (69.6%), and was widespread across the country. The European human-like reassortant swine H1N2 (H1huN2) virus accounted for 22.1% and was only identified in the north-western quarter and recently in the far north. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus (3.6%) was detec...
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - November 4, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
One-step multiplex RT-qPCR for the detection and subtyping of influenza A virus in swine in Brazil.
This study describes the development and validation of a TaqMan based - one-step multiplex RT-qPCR to discriminate the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the three major IAV subtypes circulating in pigs in Brazil. The RT-qPCR assays presented 100% (95.7-100, CI 95%) of diagnostic sensitivity in the analysis of 85 IAVs, previously characterized by sequencing. The limits of detection ranged from 5.09 × 101 to 5.09 × 103 viral RNA copies/μL. For the analytical specificity, 73 pig samples collected during 2017 and 2018 were analyzed, resulting in the identification of the subtype in 74.0% (62.9-82.7, CI 95%) o...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - April 4, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Haach V, Gava D, Egídio Cantão M, Franco AC, Schaefer R Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: research
Isolation of H8N4 avian influenza virus from wild birds in Shanghai, China.
Abstract
The H8 subtype viruses are rarely isolated from wild ducks. Shanghai is one of the important wintering or stopover sites on the East Asia-Australia Migration Flyway. An influenza virus, subtype H8N4, was firstly isolated from a common teal (Anas crecca) in Shanghai during 2017-2018 in this study. To clarify the genetic characteristics of the H8N4 virus, the whole genome sequences were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes showed that they shared highest nucleotide identity (99.19%-99.64%) with the Japan duck-origin H8N4 virus collected in 2016 (A/duck/Aichi/2...
Source: Acta Virologica - March 19, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tang W, Li X, Hu CH, Zhu C, Li Z, Wu D, Wang T, He G Tags: Acta Virol Source Type: research
Biosecurity practices associated with influenza A virus seroprevalence in sows from southern Brazilian breeding herds
This study suggests that preventing contact among wild species and swine and using an adaptation area for animals before entry into the herd can be strategies to control the influenza virus in breeding herds. (Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine)
Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine - February 27, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Antiviral activity of hypothiocyanite produced by lactoperoxidase against influenza A and B viruses and mode of its antiviral action.
Abstract
Hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) is a natural component of human saliva and is produced by the lactoperoxidase (LPO)/thiocyanate/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system. OSCN- has been previously shown to exhibit antiviral activity against influenza viruses (IFV) A/H1N1/2009 and A/H1N2/2009 in vitro as well as antimicrobial and antifungal activities. We elucidated the antiviral activity of OSCN- against both IFV types A and B and the mode of its antiviral action. OSCN- was produced constantly at 900 ± 200 μmol/l in Na3PO4 buffer solution containing NaSCN and LPO in the presence of H2O2 as an original OSCN- solu...
Source: Acta Virologica - November 28, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sugita C, Shin K, Wakabayashi H, Tsuhako R, Yoshida H, Watanabe W, Kurokawa M Tags: Acta Virol Source Type: research
In vitro characterization of baloxavir acid, a first-in-class cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor of the influenza virus polymerase PA subunit
Publication date: Available online 11 October 2018Source: Antiviral ResearchAuthor(s): Takeshi Noshi, Mitsutaka Kitano, Keiichi Taniguchi, Atsuko Yamamoto, Shinya Omoto, Keiko Baba, Takashi Hashimoto, Kayo Ishida, Yukihiro Kushima, Kazunari Hattori, Makoto Kawai, Ryu Yoshida, Masanori Kobayashi, Tomokazu Yoshinaga, Akihiko Sato, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Hiroshi Kida, Takao Shishido, Akira NaitoAbstractCap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) resides in the PA subunit of the influenza virus and mediates the critical “cap-snatching” step of viral RNA transcription, which is considered to be a promising anti-influenz...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - October 12, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
In vitro characterization of baloxavir acid, a first-in-class cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor of the influenza virus polymerase PA subunit.
Abstract
Cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) resides in the PA subunit of the influenza virus and mediates the critical "cap-snatching" step of viral RNA transcription, which is considered to be a promising anti-influenza target. Here, we describe in vitro characterization of a novel CEN inhibitor, baloxavir acid (BXA), the active form of baloxavir marboxil (BXM). BXA inhibits viral RNA transcription via selective inhibition of CEN activity in enzymatic assays, and inhibits viral replication in infected cells without cytotoxicity in cytopathic effect assays. The antiviral activity of BXA is also confirmed in ...
Source: Antiviral Research - October 11, 2018 Category: Virology Authors: Noshi T, Kitano M, Taniguchi K, Yamamoto A, Omoto S, Baba K, Hashimoto T, Ishida K, Kushima Y, Hattori K, Kawai M, Yoshida R, Kobayashi M, Yoshinaga T, Sato A, Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y, Kida H, Shishido T, Naito A Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research
Production and application of anti-nucleoprotein IgY antibodies for influenza A virus detection in swine.
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes an important respiratory disease in mammals and birds leading to concerns in animal production industry and public health. Usually, antibodies produced in mammals are employed in diagnostic tests. However, due to animal welfare concerns, technical advantages and the high cost of production, alternatives to the production of antibodies in mammals have been investigated. The aim of this study was to produce egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) in laying hens against a highly conserved protein (nucleoprotein- NP) of IAV and to evaluate the application of anti-NP IgY antibodies...
Source: Journal of Immunological Methods - August 31, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: da Silva MC, Schaefer R, Gava D, Souza CK, da Silva Vaz I, Bastos AP, Venancio EJ Tags: J Immunol Methods Source Type: research
Zoonotic Influenza and Human Health —Part 1: Virology and Epidemiology of Zoonotic Influenzas
AbstractPurpose of ReviewZoonotic influenza viruses are those that cross the animal-human barrier and can cause disease in humans, manifesting from minor respiratory illnesses to multiorgan dysfunction. They have also been implicated in the causation of deadly pandemics in recent history. The increasing incidence of infections caused by these viruses worldwide has necessitated focused attention to improve both diagnostic as well as treatment modalities. In this first part of a two-part review, we describe the structure of zoonotic influenza viruses, the relationship between mutation and pandemic capacity, pathogenesis of i...
Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports - August 1, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Infection of novel reassortant H1N2 and H3N2 swine influenza A viruses in the guinea pig model
AbstractNovel H1N2 and H3N2 swine influenza A viruses (IAVs) were identified in commercial farms in Chile. These viruses contained H1, H3 and N2 sequences, genetically divergent from IAVs described worldwide, associated with pandemic internal genes. Guinea pigs were used as human surrogate to evaluate the infection dynamics of these reassortant viruses, compared with a pandemic H1N1 virus. All viruses replicated and were shed in the upper respiratory tract without prior adaptation although H1N2 viruses showed the highest shedding titers. This could have public health importance, emphasizing the need to carry out further st...
Source: Veterinary Research - July 27, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Isolation of a Reassortant H1N2 Swine Flu Strain of Type "Swine-Human-Avian" and Its Genetic Variability Analysis.
Abstract
We isolated an influenza strain named A/Swine/Fujian/F1/2010 (H1N2) from a pig suspected to be infected with swine flu. The results of electron microscopy, hemagglutination (HA) assay, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, and whole genome sequencing analysis suggest that it was a reassortant virus of swine (H1N1 subtype), human (H3N2 subtype), and avian influenza viruses. To further study the genetic evolution of A/Swine/Fujian/F1/2010 (H1N2), we cloned its whole genome fragments using RT-PCR and performed phylogenetic analysis on the eight genes. As a result, the nucleotide sequences of HA, NA...
Source: Biomed Res - July 14, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Wang LB, Chen QY, Wu XM, Che YL, Wang CY, Chen RJ, Zhou LJ Tags: Biomed Res Int Source Type: research
Serological survey of influenza A viruses in domestic and wild Suidae in Corsica (France), a Mediterranean island environment
Publication date: 1 September 2018Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Volume 157Author(s): Sébastien Grech-Angelini, Séverine Hervé, Nicolas Rose, Nicolas Barbier, François Casabianca, Oscar Maestrini, Alessandra Falchi, Gaëlle SimonAbstractCorsica is a mountainous French island in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. It is a rural area, where pig farming is a major economic activity. Although no acute respiratory outbreaks due to swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) have ever been reported in this free-ranging pig breeding system, influenza A viruses (IAVs) could be circulating within this pig population. A serolog...
Source: Preventive Veterinary Medicine - July 10, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
