Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2169: Successive Inoculations of Pigs with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 (PRRSV-1) and Swine H1N2 Influenza Virus Suggest a Mutual Interference between the two Viral Infections
In this study, we investigated clinical, virological and immunological outcomes of successive infections with PRRSV-1 and H1N2 swIAV. Twenty-four specific pathogen-free piglets were distributed into four groups and inoculated either with PRRSV at study day (SD) 0, or with swIAV at SD8, or with PRRSV and swIAV one week apart at SD0 and SD8, respectively, or mock-inoculated. In PRRSV/swIAV group, the clinical signs usually observed after swIAV infection were attenuated while higher levels of anti-swIAV antibodies were measured in lungs. Concurrently, PRRSV multiplication in lungs was significantly affected by swIAV infection...
Source: Viruses - October 27, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Juliette Bougon C éline Deblanc Patricia Renson St éphane Quéguiner St éphane Gorin Sophie Mah é Mireille Le Le Dimna Nicolas Barbier Fr édéric Paboeuf Ga ëlle Simon Olivier Bourry Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 2087: Identification and Characterization of Swine Influenza Virus H1N1 Variants Generated in Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated, Challenged Pigs
é I. Núñez
Influenza viruses represent a continuous threat to both animal and human health. The 2009 H1N1 A influenza pandemic highlighted the importance of a swine host in the adaptation of influenza viruses to humans. Nowadays, one of the most extended strategies used to control swine influenza viruses (SIVs) is the trivalent vaccine application, whose formulation contains the most frequently circulating SIV subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. These vaccines do not provide full protection against the virus, allowing its replication, evolution, and adaptation. To better understand the main mechanisms that shape viral ev...
Source: Viruses - October 16, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Álvaro López-Valiñas Marta Sister é-Oró Sergi L ópez-Serrano Laura Baioni Ayub Darji Chiara Chiapponi Joaquim Segal és Llilianne Ganges Jos é I. Núñez Tags: Article Source Type: research
A Cross-Reactive Monoclonal Antibody Against Neuraminidases of Both H9N2 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses Shows Protection in Mice Challenging Models
In this study, 1G8 was shown to cross-react with and inhibit the NA of H3N2 HSIV. In a passive transfer experiment, 1G8 provided protection to mice challenged with rescued H1N2 viruses carrying H9N2 NA or H3N2 NA. Mutation at amino acid position 199 was also selected and proved to be crucial for H3N2 HSIV to escape from mAb 1G8. Moreover, we found that residue 199 contributed to inducing broad protective antibodies without the influence of the N-linked glycosylation at amino acid position 200 in NAs. Residues as residue 199, which are not shielded by glycosylation modification, would form ideal epitopes for developing univ...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 13, Pages 1010: Diversity and Reassortment Rate of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Ducks and Gulls
Natalia Lomakina
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) evolve via point mutations and reassortment of viral gene segments. The patterns of reassortment in different host species differ considerably. We investigated the genetic diversity of IAVs in wild ducks and compared it with the viral diversity in gulls. The complete genomes of 38 IAVs of H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H5N3, H6N2, H11N6, and H11N9 subtypes isolated from wild mallard ducks and gulls resting in a city pond in Moscow, Russia were sequenced. The analysis of phylogenetic trees showed that stable viral genotypes do not persist from year to year in duc...
Source: Viruses - May 27, 2021 Category: Virology Authors: Yulia Postnikova Anastasia Treshchalina Elizaveta Boravleva Alexandra Gambaryan Aydar Ishmukhametov Mikhail Matrosovich Ron A. M. Fouchier Galina Sadykova Alexey Prilipov Natalia Lomakina Tags: Article Source Type: research
Immunity and Protective Efficacy of Mannose Conjugated Chitosan-Based Influenza Nanovaccine in Maternal Antibody Positive Pigs
Parenteral administration of killed/inactivated swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) vaccine in weaned piglets provides variable levels of immunity due to the presence of preexisting virus specific maternal derived antibodies (MDA). To overcome the effect of MDA on SwIAV vaccine in piglets, we developed an intranasal deliverable killed SwIAV antigen (KAg) encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles called chitosan-based NPs encapsulating KAg (CS NPs-KAg) vaccine. Further, to target the candidate vaccine to dendritic cells and macrophages which express mannose receptor, we conjugated mannose to chitosan (mCS) and formulated KAg encapsul...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 4, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
[PERSPECTIVES] Swine Influenza A Viruses and the Tangled Relationship with Humans
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are the causative agents of one of the most important viral respiratory diseases in pigs and humans. Human and swine IAV are prone to interspecies transmission, leading to regular incursions from human to pig and vice versa. This bidirectional transmission of IAV has heavily influenced the evolutionary history of IAV in both species. Transmission of distinct human seasonal lineages to pigs, followed by sustained within-host transmission and rapid adaptation and evolution, represent a considerable challenge for pig health and production. Consequently, although only subtypes of H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2...
Source: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine - March 1, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Anderson, T. K., Chang, J., Arendsee, Z. W., Venkatesh, D., Souza, C. K., Kimble, J. B., Lewis, N. S., Davis, C. T., Vincent, A. L. Tags: Influenza: The Cutting Edge PERSPECTIVES Source Type: research
A bivalent live attenuated influenza virus vaccine protects against H1N2 and H3N2 viral infection in swine
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2020Source: Veterinary MicrobiologyAuthor(s): Shelby Landreth, Susan Detmer, Volker Gerdts, Yan Zhou (Source: Veterinary Microbiology)
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - December 29, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Intranasal Delivery of Inactivated Influenza Virus and Poly(I:C) Adsorbed Corn-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicited Robust Antigen-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Maternal Antibody Positive Nursery Pigs
In conclusion, despite vast genetic difference (77% in HA gene identity) between the vaccine H1N2 and H1N1 challenge viruses in Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccinates, compared to over 95% identity between H1N1 of commercial vaccine and challenge viruses, the virus load and macroscopic lesions in the lungs of both types of vaccinates were comparable, but the Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccine cleared the virus from the nasal passage better. These data suggested the important role played by Nano-11 and Poly(I:C) in the induction of polyfunctional, cross-protective cell-mediated immunity against SwIAV in MDA-positive pigs. (Source: Fro...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 16, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 1155: Evaluation of the Pathogenicity and the Escape from Vaccine Protection of a New Antigenic Variant Derived from the European Human-Like Reassortant Swine H1N2 Influenza Virus
In this study, we compared the outcomes of the parental (H1huN2) and variant (H1huN2Δ146-147) virus infections in experimentally-inoculated piglets. Moreover, we assessed and compared the protection that was conferred by an inactivated vaccine currently licensed in Europe. Three groups of five unvaccinated or vaccinated piglets were inoculated with H1huN2 or H1huN2Δ146-147 or mock-inoculated, respectively. In unvaccinated piglets, the variant strain induced greater clinical signs than the parental virus, in relation to a higher inflammatory response that involves TNF-α production a...
Source: Viruses - October 12, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: C éline Deblanc St éphane Quéguiner St éphane Gorin Am élie Chastagner S éverine Hervé Fr édéric Paboeuf Ga ëlle Simon Tags: Article Source Type: research
Ser-Leu Substitution at P2 Position of the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site Attenuates Replication and Pathogenicity of Eurasian Avian-like H1N2 Swine Influenza Viruses
Publication date: Available online 30 September 2020Source: Veterinary MicrobiologyAuthor(s): Mengkai Cai, Ruting Zhong, Chenxiao Qin, Zhiqing Yu, Junming Huang, Xiaoyan Wen, Chihai Ji, Yongjie Chen, Yu Cai, Heyou Yi, Lang Gong, Guihong Zhang (Source: Veterinary Microbiology)
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - October 1, 2020 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 1013: Infection Dynamics of Swine Influenza Virus in a Danish Pig Herd Reveals Recurrent Infections with Different Variants of the H1N2 Swine Influenza A Virus Subtype
en Alexandersen
Influenza A virus (IAV) in swine, so-called swine influenza A virus (swIAV), causes respiratory illness in pigs around the globe. In Danish pig herds, a H1N2 subtype named H1N2dk is one of the main circulating swIAV. In this cohort study, the infection dynamic of swIAV was evaluated in a Danish pig herd by sampling and PCR testing of pigs from two weeks of age until slaughter at 22 weeks of age. In addition, next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify and characterize the complete genome of swIAV circulating in the herd, and to examine the antigenic variability in the antigenic sites of the vi...
Source: Viruses - September 9, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Tarka Raj Bhatta Pia Ryt-Hansen Jens Peter Nielsen Lars Erik Larsen Inge Larsen Anthony Chamings Nicole B. Goecke Soren Alexandersen Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 762: Cocirculation of Swine H1N1 Influenza A Virus Lineages in Germany
Dürrwald
The genome analysis of 328 H1N1 swine influenza virus isolates collected in a 13-year long-term swine influenza surveillance in Germany is reported. Viral genomes were sequenced with the Illumina next-generation sequencing technique and conventional Sanger methods. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with Bayesian tree inference. The results indicate continued prevalence of Eurasian avian swine H1N1 but also emergence of a novel H1N1 reassortant, named Schneiderkrug/2013-like swine H1N1, with human-like hemagglutinin and avian-like neuraminidase and internal genes. Additionally, the evolution of an antigen...
Source: Viruses - July 14, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Zell Groth Krumhbolz Lange Philipps D ürrwald Tags: Article Source Type: research
Severe cases of seasonal influenza and detection of seasonal A(H1N2) in Russia in 2018 –2019
AbstractData obtained from monitoring cases of severe influenza, cases of vaccinated individuals, and unique cases were used to describe influenza viruses that circulated in Russia in the 2018 –2019 epidemic season. A high proportion of the mutations D222G/N in A(H1N1)pdm09 HA was detected in fatal cases. Viruses of the B/Victoria lineage with deletions in HA were detected in Russia, and a reassortant seasonal influenza A(H1N2) virus was identified. A C-terminal truncation in the NS1 pr otein was detected in a substantial proportion of A(H3N2) viruses. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - June 9, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Higher virulence of swine H1N2 influenza viruses containing avian-origin HA and 2009 pandemic PA and NP in pigs and mice
In conclusion, it is necessary for the well-being of humans and pigs to closely monitor swine influenza viruses containing avian-like hemagglutinin with PA and NP genes from 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses. (Source: Archives of Virology)
Source: Archives of Virology - March 27, 2020 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 298: Evolution and Pathogenicity of the H1 and H3 Subtypes of Swine Influenza Virus in Mice between 2016 and 2019 in China
In this study, 15 H1N1, one H1N2, and four H3N2 strains were isolated from a total of 4080 nasal swabs which were collected from 20 pig farms in three provinces in China between 2016 and 2019. All the isolates were clustered into four genotypes. A new genotype represented by the H1N2 strain was found, whose fragments came from the triple reassortant H1N2 lineage, classical swine influenza virus (cs-H1N1) lineage, and 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus lineage. A/Sw/HB/HG394/2018(H1N1), which was clustered into the cs-H1N1 lineage, showed a close relationship with the 1918 pandemic virus. Mutations determining the host range specific...
Source: Viruses - March 8, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Yuzhong Zhao Fachao Sun Li Li Ting Chen Shengliang Cao Guofei Ding Fangyuan Cong Jiaqi Liu Liting Qin Sidang Liu Yihong Xiao Tags: Article Source Type: research
