Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases)
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2024 May 6. doi: 10.1007/s11154-024-09884-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChildhood obesity is a chronic inflammatory epidemic that affects children worldwide. Obesity affects approximately 1 in 5 children worldwide. Obesity in children can worsen weight gain and raise the risk of obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can also negatively impact the quality of life for these children. Obesity disrupts immune system function, influencing cytokine (interleukins) balance and expression levels, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The...
Source: ENDOCR REV - May 6, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Amin Ullah Rajeev K Singla Zahra Batool Dan Cao Bairong Shen Source Type: research
The Effects of Patient Preference on Clinical Outcome, Satisfaction and Adherence Within the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-Analysis
CONCLUSIONS: While this meta-analysis did not find a positive effect of considering patient preference on clinical outcome, it was associated with slightly better treatment satisfaction and adherence. Accommodating preference of patients with anxiety and depression can improve treatment.TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42020172556.PMID:38706162 | DOI:10.1002/cpp.2985 (Source: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy)
Source: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy - May 6, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eline Eigenhuis Vanessa E M van Buuren Rosa E Boeschoten Anna D T Muntingh Neeltje M Batelaan Patricia van Oppen Source Type: research
Vaccines as Immunotherapies for Substance Use Disorders
Am J Psychiatry. 2024 May 1;181(5):362-371. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230828.ABSTRACTSubstance use disorders (SUD) present a worldwide challenge with few effective therapies except for the relative efficacy of opioid pharmacotherapies, despite limited treatment access. However, the proliferation of illicit fentanyl use initiated a dramatic and cascading epidemic of lethal overdoses. This rise in fentanyl overdoses regenerated an interest in vaccine immunotherapy, which, despite an optimistic start in animal models over the past 50 years, yielded disappointing results in human clinical trials of vaccines against nicotine, sti...
Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry - May 6, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Thomas R Kosten Source Type: research
Topiramate Versus Naltrexone for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Genotype-Stratified Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
CONCLUSIONS: Topiramate is at least as effective and safe as the first-line medication, naltrexone, in reducing heavy alcohol consumption, and superior in reducing some clinical outcomes. Neither rs2832407 nor rs1799971 had effects on topiramate and naltrexone treatments, respectively.PMID:38706338 | DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230666 (Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry)
Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry - May 6, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kirsten C Morley Henry R Kranzler Natasha Luquin Nazila Jamshidi Claire Adams Mark Montebello Chris Tremonti Gezelle Dali Warren Logge Andrew Baillie Maree Teesson Ronald Trent Paul S Haber Source Type: research
The role of chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy in stage III NSCLC
Pathol Oncol Res. 2024 Apr 19;30:1611716. doi: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611716. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTLocally advanced non-small lung cancer encompasses a diverse range of tumors. In the last few years, the treatment of stage III unresectable non-small lung cancer has evolved significantly. The PACIFIC trial opened a new therapeutic era in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC, establishing durvalumab consolidation therapy as the new standard of care worldwide. A careful evaluation of this type of lung cancer and a discussion of the management of these patients within a multidisciplinary team represents a crucial step in de...
Source: Cell Research - May 6, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Zsuzsanna Orosz Árpád Kovács Source Type: research
A Single-Arm Multi-Center Phase II Clinical Trial of Cadonilimab (anti-PD-1/CTLA-4) in Combination with or without Conventional Second-Line Treatment for Patients with Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2024 Jan-Dec;23:15330338241249690. doi: 10.1177/15330338241249690.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Cadonilimab (AK104) is a bispecific IgG-single-chain Fv fragment (ScFv) antibody that binds to PD-1 and CTLA-4. Cadonilimab has shown encouraging anti-tumour activity and a favourable safety profile in several tumour types. In second-line treatment, there is no defined standard of care for patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Cadonilimab is expected to show substantial clinical efficacy.OBJECTIVE: To assess the antitumor activity and safety of cadonilimab monotherapy or combination with...
Source: Cell Research - May 6, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Can Chen Minjun Chen Yuju Bai Yajun Li Jie Peng Biao Yao Jiangping Feng Jian-Guo Zhou Hu Ma Source Type: research
Efficacy and Safety of Kuoxin Formula in the Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy-Related Heart Failure: Study Protocol of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Clinical Trial
(Source: International Journal of General Medicine)
Source: International Journal of General Medicine - May 6, 2024 Category: General Medicine Tags: International Journal of General Medicine Source Type: research
Predictors of partnership and sexual satisfaction and dyadic effects in couples affected by endometriosis and infertility
ConclusionThe results show a significant association of endometriosis and infertility with partnership and sexuality satisfaction. Infertility could be a decisive factor. However, the large overlapping of both endometriosis und infertility in many couples support the importance of further studies to differentiate between the both effects.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00014362 on the 29.03.2018. (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)
Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics - May 6, 2024 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Measuring Quality of Life in Deprescribing Trials: A Scoping Review
ConclusionsSeveral existing QoL scales have been applied to the context of deprescribing/polypharmacy clinical trials, and new scales specific to the problem have been proposed. If deprescribing does impact QoL, our findings suggest it is uncertain whether existing QoL scales can practically and reliably capture such a change or whether any scale is best. However, this review compares various aspects of the scales that researchers and clinicians can consider in decisions about measuring QoL in deprescribing trials, and in planning future research.Protocol RegistrationOpen Science Framework: osf.io/aez6w. (Source: Drugs and Aging)
Source: Drugs and Aging - May 6, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Tinnitus in Children
AbstractThis perspective reviews the current state of the art and literature on tinnitus in children, prevalence and risk factors, clinical management, and future priorities for healthcare provision and research. Most research in the field to date appears to be prevalence studies, which have reached dramatically different estimates; this reflects the lack of a standard language when asking about the presence of tinnitus, or how bothersome, distressing, or negatively impacting it is for the child. Estimates are also likely affected by a lack of awareness of tinnitus amongst children and parents. Children are less likely to ...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - May 6, 2024 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in BRAFV600E-mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsOur study demonstrated BRAFi/MEKi have a decent activity for BRAFV600E ATC patients, especially in the neoadjuvant setting, with a tolerable safety profile. However, further clinical trials are warranted to investigate these findings. (Source: Endocrine)
Source: Endocrine - May 6, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases)
AbstractChildhood obesity is a chronic inflammatory epidemic that affects children worldwide. Obesity affects approximately 1 in 5 children worldwide. Obesity in children can worsen weight gain and raise the risk of obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can also negatively impact the quality of life for these children. Obesity disrupts immune system function, influencing cytokine (interleukins) balance and expression levels, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The altered expression of immune system mediators, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - May 6, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Patient reported outcomes and patient experiences of immune checkpoint modulators for advanced or recurrent melanoma: a mixed methods study
ConclusionsNearly all patients reported side effects of ICMs at least 1 year after starting treatment. Our findings suggest that ICM side effect screening and management—especially for aching joints and fatigue—are indicated during long-term care of people living with advanced melanoma. (Source: Supportive Care in Cancer)
Source: Supportive Care in Cancer - May 6, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Cytotoxicity-reducing and anti-inflammatory effects of a natural herb mixture extract
ConclusionThe natural herb mixture extract comprising PUAE, PTAE and EKAE was confirmed to have a cytotoxicity-reducing effect and a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect compared with that of the individual herbal medicines that made up the natural herb mixture extract. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Toxicology)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Toxicology - May 6, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Competing risks and multivariate outcomes in epidemiological and clinical trial research
AbstractData analysis methods for the study of treatments or exposures in relation to a clinical outcome in the presence of competing risks have a long history, often with inference targets that are hypothetical, thereby requiring strong assumptions for identifiability with available data. Here data analysis methods are considered that are based on single and higher dimensional marginal hazard rates, quantities that are identifiable under standard independent censoring assumptions. These lead naturally to joint survival function estimators for outcomes of interest, including competing risk outcomes, and provide the basis f...
Source: Lifetime Data Analysis - May 6, 2024 Category: Statistics Source Type: research
