Wearing face masks while climbing stairs influences respiratory physiology
In this study, healthy adults climbed 5 floors with and without a mask. Various cardio-respiratory parameters were measured, including O2 −saturation (O2−Sat) and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), at baseline and on the top floor. Subjective indexes, such as Borg’s scale, were evaluated. Thirty-two volunteers (16 males), median age 39 years (IQR 32.5–43), median BMI = 23.6 (IQR 21.5–25.1), with good fitness levels, participated. Compar ing baseline to end-activity, median (IQR): O2−Sat change was −1.0% (−2–0) without mask, versus −3.0% (−4–0) with mask, p = 0.003; EtCO2 + 7.0 (+3.3–+9) without mask, versus +...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 8, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ophir Bar-On, Ori Goldberg, Patrick Stafler, Hagit Levine, Eyal Jacobi, Einat Shmueli, Ben Rothschild, Dario Prais and Meir Mei-Zahav Source Type: research
Unravelling the origin of isoprene in the human body —a forty year Odyssey
In the breath research community ’s search for volatile organic compounds that can act as non-invasive biomarkers for various diseases, hundreds of endogenous volatiles have been discovered. Whilst these systemic chemicals result from normal and abnormal metabolic activities or pathological disorders, to date very few are of any use for the development of clinical breath tests that could be used for disease diagnosis or to monitor therapeutic treatments. The reasons for this lack of application are manifold and complex, and these complications either limit or ultimately inhibit the analytical application of endogenous vo...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - May 6, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: P Mochalski, J King, K Unterkofler and C A Mayhew Source Type: research
Establishing breath as a biomarker platform —take home messages from the Breath Biopsy Conference 2023
The annual Breath Biopsy Conference hosted by Owlstone Medical gathers together the leading experts, early career researchers, and physicians working with breath as a biomarker platform for clinical purposes. The current topics in breath research are discussed and presented, and an overarching topical theme is identified and discussed as part of an expert panel to close the conference. The profiling of normal breath composition and the establishment of standards for analyzing breath compared to background signal were two important topics that were major focuses of this conference, as well as important innovative progress t...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hsuan Chou, Lucy Godbeer and Madeleine L Ball Source Type: research
Optimization of volatile organic compounds sampling from dairy cow exhaled breath using polymer-based solid-phase extraction cartridges for gas chromatographic analysis
We explored appropriate technical setups for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled cow breath by comparing six different polymer-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges currently on the market for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening. Exhaled breath was sampled at a single timepoint from five lactating dairy cows using six different SPE cartridges (Bond Elut ENV (ENV); Chromabond HRX (HRX); Chromabond HRP (HRP); Chromabond HLB (HLB); Chromabond HR-XCW (XCW) and Chromabond HR-XAW (XAW)). The trapped VOCs were analyzed by dynamic headspace vacuum in-tube extraction GC-MS (DHS...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - April 15, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Julia Eichinger, Anna-Maria Reiche, Frigga Dohme-Meier and Pascal Fuchsmann Source Type: research
Detection of Clostridioides difficile infection by assessment of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infective diarrhea. Current methods for diagnosing CDI have limitations; enzyme immunoassays for toxin have low sensitivity and Clostridioides difficile polymerase chain reaction cannot differentiate infection from colonization. An ideal diagnostic test that incorporates microbial factors, host factors, and host-microbe interaction might characterize true infection. Assessing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath may be a useful test for identifying CDI. To identify a wide selection of VOCs in exhaled breath, we used thermal de...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 28, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Teny M John, Nabin K Shrestha, Leen Hasan, Kirk Pappan, Owen Birch, David Grove, Billy Boyle, Max Allsworth, Priyanka Shrestha, Gary W Procop and Raed A Dweik Source Type: research
Volatilomic profiles of gastric juice in gastric cancer patients
Volatilomics is a powerful tool capable of providing novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The main objective of this study was to characterize the volatilomic signatures of gastric juice in order to identify potential alterations induced by gastric cancer. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, coupled with headspace solid phase microextraction as the pre-concentration technique, was used to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by gastric juice samples collected from 78 gastric cancer patients and two cohorts of controls (80 and 96 subjects) from four different locations (Latv...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 21, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Linda Mezmale, Daria Ślefarska-Wolak, Manohar Prasad Bhandari, Clemens Ager, Viktors Veliks, Veronika Patsko, Andrii Lukashenko, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Diana Noronha Nunes, Thais Fernanda Bartelli, Adriane Graicer Pelosof, Claudia Zitron Sztokfisz, Raúl Mu Source Type: research
Machine learning enabled detection of COVID-19 pneumonia using exhaled breath analysis: a proof-of-concept study
This study demonstrates that a ML-based breathprint model using LAS analysis of exhaled breath may be a valuable non-invasive method for studying the lower airways and detecting SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens. The technology and the ML a pproach can be easily deployed in any setting with minimal training. This will greatly improve access and scalability to meet surge capacity; allow early and rapid detection to inform therapy; and offers great versatility in developing new classifier models quickly for future outbreaks. (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - March 13, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ruth P Cusack, Robyn Larracy, Christian B Morrell, Maral Ranjbar, Jennifer Le Roux, Christiane E Whetstone, Maxime Boudreau, Patrick F Poitras, Thiviya Srinathan, Eric Cheng, Karen Howie, Catie Obminski, Tim O ’Shea, Rebecca J Kruisselbrink, Terence Ho, Source Type: research
Metabolic insights at the finish line: deciphering physiological changes in ultramarathon runners through breath VOC analysis
In this study, we collected breath samples from a small group of elite runners participating in the 2019 Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc ultra-marathon. The final analysis included matched paired samples collected before and after the race from 24 subjects. All 48 samples were analyzed using the Breath Biopsy Platform with GC-Orbitrap ™ via thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine whether VOC abundances differed between pre- and post-race breath samples (adjusted P-value (Source: Journal of Breath Research)
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 12, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hsuan Chou, Kayleigh Arthur, Elen Shaw, Chad Schaber, Billy Boyle, Max Allsworth, Eli F Kelley, Glenn M Stewart, Courtney M Wheatley, Jesse Schwartz, Caitlin C Fermoyle, Briana L Ziegler, Kay A Johnson, Paul Robach, Patrick Basset and Bruce D Johnson Source Type: research
The optimization and comparison of two high-throughput faecal headspace sampling platforms: the microchamber/thermal extractor and hi-capacity sorptive extraction probes (HiSorb)
Disease detection and monitoring using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is becoming increasingly popular. For a variety of (gastrointestinal) diseases the microbiome should be considered. As its output is to large extent volatile, faecal volatilomics carries great potential. One technical limitation is that current faecal headspace analysis requires specialized instrumentation which is costly and typically does not work in harmony with thermal desorption units often utilized in e.g. exhaled breath studies. This lack of harmonization hinders uptake of such analyses by the Volatilomics community. Therefore, this study optim...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 5, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Robert van Vorstenbosch, Alex Mommers, Dani ëlle Pachen, Frederik-Jan van Schooten and Agnieszka Smolinska Source Type: research
Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation: a prospective cohort study
Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation (FC) have never been revealed. To address this, this prospective cohort was conducted with 100 FC patients, who were divided into a halitosis group and a negative group. Organoleptic score (OLS) ⩾ 2 in nose breath was diagnosed as extra-oral halitosis. Concentration of overall volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) measured by Halimeter, concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS), methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and their total amount measured by OralChroma in nose breath was recorded as C-VSC, C-HS, C-MT, C-DMS and C-sum respectively. We found th...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - February 1, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xiao Xian Qian Source Type: research
Enterogenous extra-oral halitosis has a more severe impact on quality of life in females compared to males
Some studies have examined the impact of intra-oral halitosis on quality of life (QOL), but the impact of enterogenous extra-oral halitosis (EOH) on QOL has not been previously studied. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 88 patients with enterogenous EOH who visited our online halitosis clinic. A specialized halitosis associated life-quality test (HALT) questionnaire was used to assess QOL of these patients. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between HALT score and age. We found that 21 (23.86%) patients were male and 67 (76.14%) patients were female. HALT scores in ...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 25, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xiao Xian Qian Source Type: research
Exhaled breath is found to be better than blood samples for determining propofol concentrations in the brain tissues of rats
In this study, we measured CE, CP, and CB in mechanically ventilated rats injected with propofol. Exhaled breath samples from the rats were collected every 20 s and analyzed using our team ’s developed vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Additionally, femoral artery blood samples and brain tissue samples at different time points were collected and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that propofol concentr ation in exhaled breath exhibited stronger correlations with that in brain tissues compared to plasma levels, suggesting its potential suita...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 24, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xiaoxiao Li, Pan Chang, Xing Liu, Yi Kang, Zhongjun Zhao, Yixiang Duan, Jin Liu and Wensheng Zhang Source Type: research
Real-time breath analysis towards a healthy human breath profile
The direct analysis of molecules contained within human breath has had significant implications for clinical and diagnostic applications in recent decades. However, attempts to compare one study to another or to reproduce previous work are hampered by: variability between sampling methodologies, human phenotypic variability, complex interactions between compounds within breath, and confounding signals from comorbidities. Towards this end, we have endeavored to create an averaged healthy human ‘profile’ against which follow-on studies might be compared. Through the use of direct secondary electrospray ionization combine...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zachary Joseph Sasiene, Erick Scott LeBrun, Eric Schaller, Phillip Michael Mach, Robert Taylor, Lionel Candelaria, Trevor Griffiths Glaros, Justin Baca and Ethan Matthew McBride Source Type: research
How well does your e-nose detect cancer? Application of artificial breath analysis for performance assessment
Comparing electronic nose (e-nose) performance is a challenging task because of a lack of standardised method. This paper proposes a method for defining and quantifying an indicator of the effectiveness of multi-sensor systems in detecting cancers by artificial breath analysis. To build this method, an evaluation of the performances of an array of metal oxide sensors built for use as a lung cancer screening tool was conducted. Breath from 20 healthy volunteers has been sampled in fluorinated ethylene propylene sampling bags. These healthy samples were analysed with and without the addition of nine volatile organic compound...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 22, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Justin D M Martin, Falzone Claudia and Anne-Claude Romain Source Type: research
Effectiveness of breath acetone monitoring in reducing body fat and improving body composition: a randomized controlled study
When attempts to lose body fat mass frequently fail, breath acetone (BA) monitoring may assist fat mass loss during a low-carbohydrate diet as it can provide real-time body fat oxidation levels. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring BA levels and providing feedback on fat oxidation during a three-week low-carbohydrate diet intervention. Forty-seven participants (mean age = 27.8 ± 4.4 years, 53.3% females, body mass index = 24.1 ± 3.4 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to three groups (1:1:1 ratio): daily BA assessment with a low-carbohydrate diet, body weight assessment (body sc...
Source: Journal of Breath Research - January 18, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Seonggyu Choi, Minsuk Oh, Okimitsu Oyama, Dong-Hyuk Park, Sunghyun Hong, Tae Ho Lee, Junho Hwang, Hyun-Sook Lee, Yong-Sahm Choe, Wooyoung Lee and Justin Y Jeon Source Type: research
