Use of experimental vaccines is ethically permissible during public health emergencies
Vaccine. 2024 May 1:S0264-410X(24)00504-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.065. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38692954 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.065 (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - May 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ignacio Mastroleo Source Type: research
miR-214-PTEN pathway is a potential mechanism for stress-induced immunosuppression affecting chicken immune response to avian influenza virus vaccine
This study can provide references for further understanding of stress affecting immune response.PMID:38692133 | DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2024.110094 (Source: Virology)
Source: Virology - May 1, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Xiaoli Ma Qiuyuan Wang Xinxin Xu Wei Zhang Rui Zhang Yi Jiang Xiangnan Wang Chaolai Man Source Type: research
Structure-activity relationship in NOD2 agonistic muramyl dipeptides
Eur J Med Chem. 2024 Apr 20;271:116439. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116439. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is a receptor of the innate immune system that is capable of perceiving bacterial and viral infections. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP, N-acetyl muramyl L-alanyl-d-isoglutamine), identified as the minimal immunologically active component of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) is recognized by NOD2. In terms of biological activities, MDP demonstrated vaccine adjuvant activity and stimulated non-specific protection against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections and cancer...
Source: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry - May 1, 2024 Category: Chemistry Authors: Aarzoo Kamboj Madhuri T Patil Nikolai Petrovsky Deepak B Salunke Source Type: research
Trends in Animal Bites and Rabies-related Deaths in Northern Iran: Implications for Public Health Interventions
CONCLUSION: The elderly are at higher risk of animal bites, especially in rural areas. It is important to emphasize the use of protective clothing, washing wounds with soap water and rabies vaccination as initial treatment. Targeted vaccination efforts for eligible animals should be prioritized to minimize unnecessary financial burden. Educating farmers about rabies prevention programs, especially in cases of cow bites, is also important.PMID:38690794 | DOI:10.34172/aim.2024.39 (Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine)
Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine - May 1, 2024 Category: Middle East Health Authors: Ali Davoudi Kiakalayeh Zakiye Gharib Reza Mohammadi Leila Kanafi Vahed Sajad Davoudi-Kiakalayeh Source Type: research
Subclinical hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection: The concept of "dynamic human reservoir"
World J Hepatol. 2024 Apr 27;16(4):506-510. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.506.ABSTRACTHepatitis E virus (HEV) is hyperendemic in South Asia and Africa accounting for half of total Global HEV burden. There are eight genotypes of HEV. Among them, the four common ones known to infect humans, genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent in the developing world and genotypes 3 and 4 are causing challenge in the industrialized world. Asymptomatic HEV viremia in the general population, especially among blood donors, has been reported in the literature worldwide. The clinical implications related to this asymptomatic viremia are unclear and need fur...
Source: World Journal of Hepatology - May 1, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Ananta Shrestha Suresh Basnet Sudhamshu Kc Source Type: research
Atomic Force Microscopy to Measure the Mechanical Property of Nanosized Lipid Vesicles and Its Applications
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2024;144(5):511-519. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00178-2.ABSTRACTNanoparticles, including liposomes and lipid nanoparticles, have garnered global attention due to their potential applications in pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and gene therapies. These particles enable targeted delivery of new drug modalities such as highly active small molecules and nucleic acids. However, for widespread use of nanoparticle-based formulations, it is crucial to comprehensively analyze their characteristics to ensure both efficacy and safety, as well as enable consistent production. In this context, this review focuses on our resear...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yuki Takechi-Haraya Source Type: research
Mast Cell-Neutrophil Communication Regulates Allergic Diseases
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2024;144(5):483-488. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00154-2.ABSTRACTAllergic diseases (e.g., food allergies) are a growing problem, with increasing numbers of individuals experiencing them worldwide. Congruently, the adverse reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) associated with the administration of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become a familiar problem. Allergic diseases, which have a wide variety of symptoms, are difficult to prevent or cure; treatment is currently limited to therapeutic drugs or allergen immunotherapy. Therefore, elucidating new allergi...
Source: Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ryo Suzuki Source Type: research
Therapeutic vaccines for herpesviruses
J Clin Invest. 2024 May 1;134(9):e179483. doi: 10.1172/JCI179483.ABSTRACTHerpesviruses establish latent infections, and most reactivate frequently, resulting in symptoms and virus shedding in healthy individuals. In immunocompromised patients, reactivating virus can cause severe disease. Persistent EBV has been associated with several malignancies in both immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised persons. Reactivation and shedding occur with most herpesviruses, despite potent virus-specific antibodies and T cell immunity as measured in the blood. The licensure of therapeutic vaccines to reduce zoster indicates that effect...
Source: Herpes - May 1, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jeffrey I Cohen Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 immunity and reasons for non-vaccination among healthcare workers from eastern and northern Switzerland: results from a nested multicentre cross-sectional study
CONCLUSIONS: Almost all healthcare workers in our cohort had specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from natural infection and/or from vaccination. Young healthcare workers and those working in non-acute settings were less likely to be vaccinated, whereas physicians and administrative staff showed higher vaccination uptake. Presumed ineffectiveness of the vaccine is an important reason for non-vaccination.PMID:38689545 | DOI:10.57187/s.3734 (Source: Swiss Medical Weekly)
Source: Swiss Medical Weekly - May 1, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Selina Albrecht Fabian Gr ässli Alexia Cusini Angela Brucher Stephan Goppel Elsbeth Betschon J Carsten M öller Manuela Ortner Markus Ruetti Reto Stocker Danielle Vuichard-Gysin Ulrike Besold Lorenz Risch Matthias Von Kietzell Matthias Schlegel Pietro Ve Source Type: research
Concomitant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening for elimination of HPV and cervical cancer
In conclusion, concomitant HPV vaccination and HPV screening appears to be a realistic option for faster cervical cancer elimination. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04910802; EudraCT number: 2020-001169-34.PMID:38693149 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-47909-x (Source: Cancer Control)
Source: Cancer Control - May 1, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Laila Sara Arroyo M ühr Andrea Gini Emel Yilmaz Sadaf S Hassan Camilla Lagheden Emilie Hultin Ainhoa Garcia Serrano Agustin E Ure Helena Andersson Roxana Merino K Miriam Elfstr öm Iacopo Baussano Joakim Dillner Source Type: research
Safety and immunogenicity of a polyvalent DNA-protein HIV vaccine with matched Env immunogens delivered as a prime-boost regimen or coadministered in HIV-uninfected adults in the USA (HVTN 124): a phase 1, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised controlled trial
Lancet HIV. 2024 May;11(5):e285-e299. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00036-5.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: An effective HIV vaccine will most likely need to have potent immunogenicity and broad cross-subtype coverage. The aim of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 124 was to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of a unique polyvalent DNA-protein HIV vaccine with matching envelope (Env) immunogens.METHODS: HVTN 124 was a randomised, phase 1, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, including participants who were HIV seronegative and aged 18-50 years at low risk for infection. The DNA vaccine comprised five plasmids: four copies expressin...
Source: Cancer Control - May 1, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ian Frank Shuying S Li Nicole Grunenberg Edgar T Overton Samuel T Robinson Hua Zheng Kelly E Seaton Jack R Heptinstall Mary A Allen Kenneth H Mayer Daniel A Culver Michael C Keefer Sri Edupuganti Michael N Pensiero Vijay L Mehra Stephen C De Rosa Daryl E Source Type: research
Vaccination with antigenically complex hemagglutinin mixtures confers broad protection from influenza disease
Sci Transl Med. 2024 May;16(745):eadj4685. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj4685. Epub 2024 May 1.ABSTRACTCurrent seasonal influenza virus vaccines induce responses primarily against immunodominant but highly plastic epitopes in the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. Because of viral antigenic drift at these sites, vaccines need to be updated and readministered annually. To increase the breadth of influenza vaccine-mediated protection, we developed an antigenically complex mixture of recombinant HAs designed to redirect immune responses to more conserved domains of the protein. Vaccine-induced antibodies wer...
Source: Cancer Control - May 1, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhaochen Luo Hector A Miranda Kaitlyn N Burke M Ariel Spurrier Madison Berry Erica L Stover Rachel L Spreng Greg Waitt Erik J Soderblom Andrew N Macintyre Kevin Wiehe Nicholas S Heaton Source Type: research
Salivary Proteinase 3 as a Biomarker for Caries Severity in Children: A Cross-sectional Study
CONCLUSION: The children with high caries severity showed lower concentration of PR3 in their saliva compared with those with lower caries severity which indicates that PR3 can be used as a biomarker for assessing caries severity and also paves way to use PR3 as a caries vaccine in future. Nowadays, interest toward noninvasive and personalized dentistry has been increased. Molecular assays using salivary biomarkers can be an effective tool in detecting the caries in earlier stages and assessing a patient's caries risk.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Salivary PR3 can be used as prognostic biomarker for assessing caries severity and ...
Source: J Contemp Dent Pract - May 1, 2024 Category: Dentistry Authors: Karthika S Sageena George Anandaraj Soman Shiana Jo Fahanna Beegum Mohammed A Habibullah Source Type: research
How successful are AI-discovered drugs in clinical trials? A first analysis and emerging lessons
Drug Discov Today. 2024 Apr 29:104009. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAI techniques are making inroads into the field of drug discovery. As a result, a growing number of drugs and vaccines have been discovered using AI. However, questions remain about the success of these molecules in clinical trials. To address these questions, we conducted a first analysis of the clinical pipelines of AI-native Biotech companies. In Phase I we find AI-discovered molecules have an 80-90% success rate, substantially higher than historic industry averages. This suggests, we argue, that AI is highly capable ...
Source: Drug Discovery Today - May 1, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Madura Kp Jayatunga Margaret Ayers Lotte Bruens Dhruv Jayanth Christoph Meier Source Type: research
Distributions of candidate vaccine Targets, virulence Factors, and resistance features of invasive group B Streptococcus using Whole-Genome Sequencing: A Multicenter, population-based surveillance study
CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this large whole-genome sequence of GBS isolates establish important baseline data required for further surveillance and evaluating the impact of future vaccine candidates.PMID:38692955 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.062 (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - May 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wenjing Ji Haijian Zhou Jie Li Carl D Britto Zheliang Liu Wen Zhang Jiaxi Du Shabir A Madhi Gaurav Kwatra Ziyaad Dangor Zhengjiang Jin Hang Zhao Yifei Zhao Yu Fang Juan Li Source Type: research
