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Neurorehabilitation treatment of dysphagia after-stroke with transcranial direct current stimulation: A clinical case
Introduction: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has been presented in the last years as a potential adjuvant neurorehabilitation tool that has shown positive effects in a variety of motor diseases. Hence, in our study, we tested whereas Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation applied together with swallowing training could benefit a resistant-treatment patient with dysphagia after stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: A. S ánchez-Kuhn, Y. Medina, M. Pérez-García, M. Martínez-Sola, P. De Haro, P. Flores, F. Sánchez-Santed Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and neural reorganisation after aphasia treatment
This study aims to investigate the effect of LH anodal tDCS on the neural reorganisation of language in the context of aphasia treatment.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: R.M.A. Blom-Smink, K. Spielmann, C.P.M. Orellana, M. Smits, J. Crinion, W.M.E. van de Sandt-Koenderman, G.M. Ribbers Source Type: research

The role of inhibition in motor performance and learning
Introduction: Understanding the neurophysiological underpinnings of motor plasticity is of prime importance, not least for developing novel therapeutic approaches after a stroke. There is substantial evidence from animal models to support the hypothesis that modulation of GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, is a necessary step in motor learning. However, until recently it has been difficult to assess whether GABA is necessary for plasticity in vivo in humans.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: J. Kolasinski, A. Johnstone, V. Bachtiar, C.J. Stagg Source Type: research

Can TMS of forearm muscles improve prediction of dexterity after stroke?
In the acute phase after stroke, active finger extension is a strong predictor of long-term dexterity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with surface electromyography of proximal arm and intrinsic hand muscles has proven to be of additional prognostic value to clinical assessment, especially in patients unable to follow instructions. The current study aimed to determine whether TMS of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) further improves the prognostic accuracy. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the EDC at rest and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of the upper extremity were measured in 18 participants within 4 weeks aft...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: C.D. Bakker, M. Massa, T. Feuth, J. Pasman, A.A. van Kuijk, G. Kwakkel, A.C.H. Geurts, D. Stegeman Source Type: research

Precise Temporal Association between Cortical Potentials Evoked by Motor Imagination and Afference Induces Cortical Plasticity
An efficient innovative Brain-Computer-Interface system that empowers chronic stroke patients to control an artificial activation of their lower limb muscle through task specific motor intent has been tested in the past. In the current study it was applied to acute stroke patients. The system consists in detecting the movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) using scalp electrodes as the patient attempts to perform a dorsiflexion task. This is translated into the control command for an electrical stimulator to generate a stimulus (at motor threshold) to the nerve that innervates and thus activates the prime mover (tibialis anterior - TA).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: N. Mrachacz-Kersting Source Type: research

Functional network reorganization by dual-mode noninvasive brain stimulation in stroke patients
Introduction: The effect of simultaneous dual-mode stimulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the bilateral primary motor cortices (M1) in functional motor network was investigated as compared to single stimulation using rTMS alone over the ipsilesional M1 in subacute stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: J. Lee, E. Park, A. Lee, W.H. Chang, D.S. Kim, Y.H. Kim Source Type: research

Effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on language production in post-stroke aphasia
A successful interplay between prefrontal and domain-specific language areas has been shown to be crucial for language processing. Non-invasive brain stimulation is increasingly being used as a promising therapeutic tool for neurological diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) on language production in chronic post-stroke aphasic patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: M.I. Pestalozzi, M. Di Pietro, G. Gaytanidis, L. Chouiter, L. Spierer, A. Schnider, J.M. Annoni, L.B. Jost Source Type: research

Distinction of functional corticomuscular coupling in synkinetic and separate movement following stroke
Motor dysfunction is a major consequence of stroke and it is generally believed that the loss of motor ability is caused by the impairments in neural network that control movement. The aim of our research is to explore the functional connection between the motor cortex and the contralateral muscles in stroke patients at both synkinetic and separate movement stages, and further investigate the relationship between the functional corticomuscular coupling (FCMC) and the clinical assessment scale (CAS).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - February 15, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: X.L. Chen, P. Xie, Y.Y. Zhang, L.X. Liu, Y.H. Du Source Type: research

Targeting interhemispheric inhibition with neuromodulation to enhance stroke rehabilitation
Interhemispheric inhibition in the brain plays a dynamic role in the production of voluntary unimanual actions. In stroke, the interhemispheric imbalance model predicts the presence of asymmetry in interhemispheric inhibition, with excessive inhibition from the contralesional hemisphere limiting maximal recovery. Stimulation methods to reduce this asymmetry in the brain may be promising as a stroke therapy, however determining how to best measure and modulate interhemispheric inhibition and who is likely to benefit, remain important questions.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: L.J. Boddington, J.N.J. Reynolds Source Type: research

Simple Partial Status Epilepticus One-Day Post TMS to the Affected Hemisphere in A Participant with Chronic Stroke
TMS has become a widely used tool to measure motor physiology in stroke patients, and is emerging as an exciting new treatment for a variety of stroke-related deficits. Seizures are exceedingly rare in TMS studies of stroke. Here we report a case of simple partial status epilepticus in a study participant with stroke one day after single- and double-pulse stimulation. The participant was a 51-year-old male eight months post-stroke from a superior sagittal vein thrombosis causing a right-sided hemorrhagic lesion (25.03  cc) involving the precentral gyrus, the superior frontal gyrus, the medial frontal gyrus, the supplemen...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: R. Harrington, E. Chan, P. Turkeltaub, A.W. Dromerick, M.L. Harris-Love Source Type: research

Considerations for Research Treatment of Aphasia Combining Neuromodulation and Speech-Language Intervention
Aphasia, commonly defined as impairment or loss of language functions, is a frequent and often chronic consequence of left-hemispheric stroke. The effects of aphasia on patient independence and quality of life are often lifelong. Although beneficial in some cases, the effectiveness of behavioral speech-language therapy is often limited. Therefore, in these last decades, new treatment designs combining speech-language therapy and noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been developed with the goal of maximizing the recovery process.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Elizabeth E. Galletta, Adam Buchwald, Jessica Richardson, Julius Fridriksson, Roy Hamilton, Peter Turkeltaub, Paola Marangolo Source Type: research

Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Upper Extremity Robotic Therapy Improves Upper Extremity Function in an Adult with Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Cerebral palsy is caused by a nonprogressive brain injury or stroke before birth or during the first two years of life. Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP) causes weakness and motor skill deficits on one side of the body. As people with USCP age, motor deficits persist due to disuse of the paretic side. Few therapies exist for adults with USCP. We tested feasibility and efficacy of upper limb therapy in adults with CP. Upper extremity robotic therapy can improve upper limb deficits in stroke patients.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kathleen M. Friel, Peter Lee, Disha Gupta, Hsing-Ching Kuo, Ana R.P. Smorenburg, Dylan J. Edwards Source Type: research

Hemispace Matters in Normal Individuals: Effects of Gaze and Hand Location on Corticospinal Excitability
Effects of hemispace on perception and action are commonly observed in stroke survivors. In the hemispatial neglect syndrome, for example, patients fail to reliably perceive, orient to or initiate action towards stimuli in contralesional space. Stimulus location may also affect higher-level cognitive processes like language, however. Effects of hemispace on perception and action have not been extensively explored in normal individuals. Using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex, the present study examined hemispace effects on motor evoked potentials (MEPs).
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthieu M. de Wit, Olufunsho K. Faseyitan, H. Branch Coslett Source Type: research

Parietal-Insular-Vestibular tDCS for Treatment of Lateropulsion Following Stroke
Objective:  To assess the effects of 2 mA tDCS on seated posture of patients with lateropulsion following stroke.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Michael Reding, Suzanne Babyar, Taiza Santos-Pontelli, Tennyson Lemos, Dylan Edwards Source Type: research

Effects of tDCS on Stepping Reaction in Healthy Adults and Individuals with Chronic Stroke
Stepping is an important protective reaction to prevent falls and fall related injuries and this ability is usually impaired in elderly and individuals with stroke. This impaired stepping reaction is characterized by prolong reaction time and decrease neuromuscular control. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied in human to enhance cortical excitability and in turnpromote overall neuromuscular control. Therefore it could be applied alone or with exercise to enhance stepping ability.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 31, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Shuo-Hsiu Chang, Joshua Choi, Shih-Chiao Tseng Source Type: research

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