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Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation

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Total 298 results found since Jan 2013.

Can TMS based neurophysiology inform the delivery of rTMS after stroke?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to assess and alter cortical excitability in healthy and clinical populations. Studies using TMS demonstrate altered brain excitability and connectivity in both hemispheres during after stroke. Interhemispheric imbalance is noted after stroke such that the ipsilesional hemisphere shows less corticospinal excitability with smaller, or even absent, motor evoked potentials (MEPs). In contrast, the contralesional hemisphere often demonstrates equal or abnormally increased corticospinal excitability.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: L. Boyd Source Type: research

Fatigue in Hemiparetic Children with Perinatal Stroke is Associated with Altered Cortical Excitability
Background: Fatigue is a commonly reported debilitating symptom in children with perinatal stroke, but the risk factors and mechanisms are unknown. Post-stroke fatigue in adults has been associated with decreased quality of life and altered corticospinal excitability.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: J. Wrightson, E. Zewdie, H. Kuo, G. Millet, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Targeted brain stimulation to ameliorate vigilance in stroke: a combined tDCS-fMRI approach
A stroke can affect widely-distributed cortical/subcortical brain networks, causing behavioural deficits. Right frontoparietal networks are key in maintaining attentional focus over time, and right-hemispheric damage typically impairs vigilance.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: E. Olgiati, I. Violante, L. Li, A. Faraj, T. Sinclair, J. Crow, R. Wise, P. Malhotra Source Type: research

Abnormal brain functional connectivity after subcortical stroke: A TMS-EEG study
Introduction: Stroke causes the changes of whole brain network. TMS-EEG is an excellent tool to evaluate brain connection by stimulating one brain area and then analyzing response in various areas. The present study evaluated the brain connection in patients with subcortical stroke by TMS-EEG.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: G. Dang, X. Su, M. Yang, S. Che, H. Ren, Z. Li, Y. Guo Source Type: research

NIBS to restore visual field deficit
Not surprisingly, the loss of visual function has a dramatic impact on an individuals quality of life and independence. Cortical visual field deficit is a well-known complication of stroke, with an incidence reported as at least 20% in stroke stroke patients. Traditional rehabilitation approaches include optical aids, eye training or visual field restitution therapies. All these techniques have shown large limitations in reducing scotoma and provide an insufficient amount of improvement transferable to the every-day life.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: E. Raffin Source Type: research

The use of transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: effects on mood and cognition
Background: Stroke is a high prevalence disorder causing a variety of motor, cognitive and affective symptoms, with a tremendous effect on quality of life. Despite the various stroke localizations, a similar pattern of cognitive deficit typically occurs, involving verbal memory, visuospatial skills and executive functioning. Growing evidence suggests, that non-invasive neuromodulation techniques serve as promising tools to enhance post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: N. Sz épfalusi, V. Németh, C. Kazinczi, A. Holczer, T. Vékony, G. Csifcsák, K. Jakab, L. Vécsei, A. Must Source Type: research

Inhibition of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) reduces the benefit of cortical stimulation combined with motor rehabilitation in experimental stroke
Clinical and experimental studies suggest that combining impaired limb rehabilitation (RT) with low-frequency inhibitory contra-lesion or high-frequency excitatory ipsi-lesion motor cortical stimulation (CS) can improve motor recovery and increase neural remodeling. However, results have been mixed and there is no consensus on which CS approach is more beneficial. Further, the mechanism by which excitatory CS (ECS) and inhibitory CS (ICS) alter motor recovery after stroke are unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) are important for motor learning and neural pl...
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Kinley Cooper, D. Adkins, A. Rizzo, K. Kinley-Howard Source Type: research

Mapping contralesional motor cortex plasticity using robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with perinatal stroke
Introduction: Children with perinatal stroke are disabled by hemiparetic cerebral palsy (HCP). Motor control of the affected limb often resides in the contralesional hemisphere with preserved ipsilateral connections. Intensive therapies improve hand function but predictors are unknown. Individualized maps of the motor cortex (M1) may provide insight but are poorly studied. We aimed to use robotic TMS to characterize contralesional motor maps and their association with hand function in HCP.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: H. Kuo, E. Zewdie, A. Giuffre, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Patient-specific changes in motor network functional connectivity after brain stimulation in perinatal stroke
Introduction: Most hemiparetic cerebral palsy is caused by perinatal stroke resulting in lifelong motor disability. As a focal injury of defined timing in an otherwise healthy brain, perinatal stroke is an ideal human model of developmental neuroplasticity. Evidence shows that intensive rehabilitation paired with non-invasive brain stimulation can improve motor function. However, given large individual variability in plasticity, group statistics may not capture important patient-centred changes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: H. Carlson, A. Kirton Source Type: research

Development of Closed-loop Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) as a Neurorehabilitation Tool
Background: Motor rehabilitation training is considered the optimal method in reducing motor impairments in patients with brain injury. Noninvasive brain stimulation has recently demonstrated promise as a potential adjunct to enhance the outcomes of conventional post-stroke motor rehabilitation. Specifically, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) paired with oromotor therapy to learn feeding behavior (Badran Jenkins, 2018) has emerged as a novel therapeutic avenue. Synchronization of taVNS with the specific motor behavior is believed to be critical to patient outcomes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: B. Badran, D. Jenkins, W. DeVries, M. Dancy, D. Cook, G. Mappin, M. George Source Type: research

rTMS can improve post-stroke apraxia of speech. A case study
Apraxia of Speech (AoS) is a rare disorder of motor speech planning distinct from both aphasia and dysarthria. It is characterized by inconsistent articulatory errors imposing a trial-and-error approximation to a target word, slow speech rate, segmentation of syllables, sound distortions and substitutions [1]. At difference with aphasia, in fact, in AoS errors are non-linguistic in nature (i.e. they are neither lexical nor morphological) and other language-related abilities (i.e. reading and auditory comprehension and writing) are usually preserved.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - December 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Calogero Malfitano, Elisabetta Banco, Angela Rossetti, Carlotta Casati, Chiara Malloggi, Stefano Scarano, Luigi Tesio Source Type: research

Stability of the Cardiovascular Response during Single-pulse TMS in Perinatal Stroke
Serious adverse events of syncope have been reported with single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sp-TMS) in both healthy adults and adolescents post stroke [3, 5, 7-9]. Despite these reports, the physiological mechanisms leading to syncope during sp-TMS administration are not clearly understood. A syncopal event is classically identified by a sudden, large reduction in blood supply to neural tissue “cerebral hypoperfusion” to ultimately cause a loss of consciousness [2]. Common symptoms preceding syncope include lightheadedness, nausea, diaphoresis, and/or visual changes.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Manda L. Keller-Ross, Daniel P. Chantigian, Mo Chen, Tonya L. Rich, Chao-Ying Chen, Bernadette T. Gillick Source Type: research

Safety of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation early after ischemic stroke
According to the hypothesis of interhemispheric inhibition, the unaffected motor cortex (M1UH) may excessively inhibit the motor cortex of the affected hemisphere (M1AH) in subjects with stroke leading to exaggeration of the contralateral upper limb paresis. TDCS can be used to either inhibit M1UH, excite M1AH, or both. Typically, anodal tDCS increases brain excitability and cathodal tDCS (ctDCS) has the opposite effect [1].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Adriana B. Conforto, Larissa Servinsckins, Joselisa P.Q. de Paiva, Edson Amaro, Daniel G. dos Santos, Priscila Soares, Danielle S. Pires, Jed Meltzer, Ela B. Plow, Paloma F. de Freitas, Danielli S. Speciali, Priscila Lopes, Mario.F.P. Peres, Gisele S. Sil Source Type: research

Delayed, distant skin lesions after transcranial direct current stimulation
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has attracted considerable interest in recent years, especially as a potential intervention in stroke rehabilitation and the treatment of depression. Common safety guidelines exist to ensure the safety of the procedure [1]. However, mild adverse effects (AEs) are common and more severe AEs are occasionally encountered. Here, we report two cases of skin lesions following tDCS.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - November 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Aaron Kortteenniemi, Soili M. Lehto, Amir-Homayoun Javadi Source Type: research

Low frequency rTMS combined with visual scanning training in patients with post-stroke visuospatial neglect. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Background: Visuospatial neglect (VSN) is defined as a failure to detect, orient or respond to stimuli located in space contralateral to the side of the brain lesion and occurs most frequently after right hemisphere damage. VSN may arise as a consequence of the inter-hemispheric imbalance of neural activity. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) allows the balance between two hemispheres to be re-established.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - October 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Szczepan Iwa ński, Marcin Leśniak, Katarzyna Polanowska, Jan Bembenek, Wojciech Czepiel, Joanna Seniów Source Type: research