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Total 91 results found since Jan 2013.

AIM2 inflammasome contributes to brain injury and chronic post-stroke cognitive impairment in mice.
Abstract Although over one-third of stroke patients may develop post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), the mechanisms underlying PSCI remain unclear. We explored here, the involvement of post-stroke inflammasomes in long-term PSCI development, using a 45 min-middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion-induced PSCI model. Immunohistological assessment on day 1, 3, and 7 was followed by cognitive function test 28 days post-stroke. Evaluation of inflammasome sensor gene expression in aged mouse brains showed dominant expression of absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2) in 6-, 12-, and 18-month-old mouse brains. AIM2 m...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - March 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Kim H, Seo JS, Lee SY, Ha KT, Choi BT, Shin YI, Ju Yun Y, Shin HK Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

U.S. Cancer Death Rates Continue to Drop, But Progress Is Stalling for Some Cancers
Over the last few decades, the death rate from cancer dropped by 29% in the U.S., according to the latest data from the American Cancer Society (ACS). That, the ACS’s new study estimates, saved 2.9 million lives from 1991 to 2017, largely owing to declines in mortality from the four leading cancer types: lung, breast, prostate and colon. From 2016 to 2017—the latest year for which data are available—the overall cancer death rate declined by 2.2%, the largest single-year reduction ever recorded. These new figures were reported in a study published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. The declines are a...
Source: TIME: Health - January 8, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized Cancer Source Type: news

Long non-coding RNA MEG3 promotes cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through increasing pyroptosis by targeting miR-485/AIM2 axis.
CONCLUSION: MEG3/miR-485/AIM2 axis contributes to pyroptosis via activating caspase1 signaling during cerebral I/R, suggesting that this axis may be a potent therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. PMID: 31794744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - November 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Liang J, Wang Q, Li JQ, Guo T, Yu D Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

The Director of the NIH Lays Out His Vision of the Future of Medical Science
Our world has never witnessed a time of greater promise for improving human health. Many of today’s health advances have stemmed from a long arc of discovery that begins with strong, steady support for basic science. In large part because of fundamental research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which traces its roots to 1887, Americans are living longer, healthier lives. Life expectancy for a baby born in the U.S. has risen from 47 years in 1900 to more than 78 years today. Among the advances that have helped to make this possible are a 70% decline in the U.S. death rate from cardiovascular disease ...
Source: TIME: Science - October 24, 2019 Category: Science Authors: Dr. Francis S. Collins Tags: Uncategorized Healthcare medicine Source Type: news

Intraoperative Aneurysm Rupture during Resection for Presumed Metastasis
A 54-year-old male with metastatic melanoma, including a presumed brain metastasis underwent elective surgery when there was sudden onset of extensive bleeding upon resection. An emergent cerebral angiogram revealed a fusiform left posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. Malignant melanoma commonly metastasizes to the brain and has shown to assume a wide variety of appearances with involvement of almost any intracranial structures. The unexpected intraoperative finding required immediate action and strategic rethinking.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Anna L. K ühn, Katyucia de Macedo Rodrigues, Ajit S. Puri Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD+ as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance
Conclusion and Perspectives Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain cancer in adults and include a broad category of tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and GBM. Regardless of tumor aggressiveness, malignancy, and infiltration, these glia-derived tumors rarely exceed a median survival time of 12–14 months. Driven by the infiltrative nature of these tumors, the clinical approach is difficult and relapses often occur with fatal consequences. These unsuccessful attempts to control glioma's fate have fostered research looking for more effective therapies. (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133&#...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - May 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

817 Ethanol induces skin hyperpigmentation in mice with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
Excessive alcohol consumption leads to alcohol use disorder. Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde, which is then oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), a class of enzymes that facilitate the conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding acids. Among ALDHs, mitochondrial ALDH2 is the primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of acetaldehyde. In addition to its well-known role in ethanol metabolism, recent studies have suggested that ALDH2 dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, cancer, anemia, pain, osteoporosis and aging.
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 19, 2019 Category: Dermatology Authors: T. Yamauchi, A. Matsumoto, S. Ito, K. Wakamatsu, T. Suzuki, M. Fujita Tags: Pigmentation and Melanoma Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that PD is associated with an increase of CRP levels. CRP might be a risk factor for PD or PD leads to an inflammatory response. Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most complex neuro-degenerative disorders next to Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, abnormal postural, and gait (1). PD has been recognized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta, whereas the exact etiology remains elusive (2). Previously, multiple inferences have reviewed the environmental a...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Singapore firm, Stanford team up on AI for liver cancer
Genomic medicine company Lucence Diagnostics has launched a joint effort with...Read more on AuntMinnie.comRelated Reading: Stanford launches huge dataset of chest x-rays for AI New PET tracer could aid melanoma detection AI could bring ultralow-dose imaging to amyloid PET AI may help in fight against gadolinium deposition Machine learning can predict stroke treatment outcomes
Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines - March 12, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: news

A prospective study of health conditions related to alcohol consumption cessation among 97,852 drinkers aged 45 and over in Australia.
CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis with a variety of health conditions appears to prompt drinking cessation in older adults. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30758044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research - February 13, 2019 Category: Addiction Authors: Sarich P, Canfell K, Banks E, Paige E, Egger S, Joshy G, Korda R, Weber M Tags: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Source Type: research

Black pleural effusion as the presenting feature of lung cancer.
Conclusion: In the present case, the black stain most likely results from intrapleural haemolysis following haemorrhage. Pleural fluid bilirubin may be useful in evaluating pleural effusion, especially if black.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - November 19, 2018 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fernandes, V., Alfaro, T. M., Cruz, C., Cordeiro, C. R. Tags: Clinical Problems Source Type: research

A prospective study of cancer survivors and risk of sepsis within the REGARDS cohort
ConclusionIn this prospective cohort of community-dwelling adults we observed that cancer survivors had more than a 2.5-fold increased risk of sepsis. Public health efforts should attempt to mitigate sepsis risk by awareness and appropriate treatment (e.g., antibiotic administration) to cancer survivors with suspected infection regardless of the number of years since cancer remission.
Source: Cancer Epidemiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research