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Total 258 results found since Jan 2013.

Immune-Modulation by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Focus on Dendritic Cells
This study is complemented by another report that found that hRSV infection induces significant expression of three miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-4448, hsa-miR-30a-5p, and hsa-miR-4634 in human DCs (104). Interestingly, this latter study also performed comparative analyses of miRNA profiles between DCs infected with hRSV and a related virus, namely the human metapneumovirus, and found that both viruses induced the expression of elevated levels of hsa-miR-4634. Elucidating the contribution of these miRNAs in DCs in response to hRSV remains to be determined. Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Migration Upon hRSV Infection in vivo Altho...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 14, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

High Expression of DEPDC1 Promotes Malignant Phenotypes of Breast Cancer Cells and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Breast Cancer
In this study, the immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that DEPDC1 was high-expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal breast tissues, and its tendency at protein level was consistent with mRNA level from TCGA data. Moreover, DEPDC1 mRNA level revealed the strongest association with poor prognosis and development in breast cancer. In vitro assays showed that DEPDC1 overexpression resulted in significant promotion of proliferation by regulating cell cycle in MCF-7 cells, whilst an opposite effect was found in the MDA-MB-231 cells with DEPDC1 deletion. Notably, further investigation ind...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 11, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Christine I. Alston1,2 and Richard D. Dix1,2* 1Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomega...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and its biological function in endometrial adenocarcinoma
Conclusion: PIgR may be a predictive biomarker of endometrial adenocarcinoma and a potential target protein for immunotherapy of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics - March 31, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mingshu Zhou Chongdong Liu Guangming Cao Huiqiao Gao Zhenyu Zhang Source Type: research

Downregulation of A2AR by siRNA loaded PEG-chitosan-lactate nanoparticles restores the T cell mediated anti-tumor responses through blockage of PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
Abstract Adenosine and its receptors are novel promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. In here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-chitosan-lactate (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with A2AR-specific siRNA for interfering with differentiation and function of T cells derived from the 4T1 breast tumor-bearing Balb/C mice, ex vivo. The size of synthesized NPs was about 100 nm in association with low polydispersive index (pdi < 0.3) and a zeta potential of 11 mV. In association with good physicochemical characteristics, NPs exhibited high transfection efficiency in T cells an...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - March 28, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Masjedi A, Hassannia H, Atyabi F, Rastegari A, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Namdar A, Soleimanpour H, Azizi G, Nikkhoo A, Ghalamfarsa G, Mirshafiey A, Jadidi-Niaragh F Tags: Int J Biol Macromol Source Type: research

Modeling Pancreatic Cancer Dynamics with Immunotherapy.
This study concludes that mono-immunotherapy is unlikely to control the pancreatic cancer and combined immunotherapies between anti-TGF-[Formula: see text] and adoptive transfers of immune cells can prolong patient survival. We show through numerical explorations that how these two types of immunotherapies are scheduled is important to survival. Applying TGF-[Formula: see text] inhibition first followed by adoptive immune cell transfers can yield better survival outcomes. PMID: 30843136 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Bulletin of Mathematical Biology - March 5, 2019 Category: Bioinformatics Authors: Hu X, Ke G, Jang SR Tags: Bull Math Biol Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 176: Releasing the Immune System Brakes Using siRNAs Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy
d Therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) cancer vaccines rely on the immune system to eradicate tumour cells. Although tumour antigen-specific T cell responses have been observed in most studies, clinical responses are fairly low, arguing for the need to improve the design of DC-based vaccines. The incorporation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against immunosuppressive factors in the manufacturing process of DCs can turn the vaccine into potent immune stimulators. Additionally, siRNA modification of ex vivo-expanded T cells for adoptive immunotherapy enhanced their killing potency. Most of the siRNA-targeted immune inhibit...
Source: Cancers - February 3, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mouldy Sioud Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 108: Cancer Immunotherapy: Silencing Intracellular Negative Immune Regulators of Dendritic Cells
eng-Chi Yen Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of activating adaptive immune responses, or inducing immune suppression or tolerance. In the tumor microenvironment, the function of DCs is polarized into immune suppression that attenuates the effect of T cells, promoting differentiation of regulatory T cells and supporting tumor progression. Therefore, blocking negative immune regulators in DCs is considered a strategy of cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies can target molecules on the cell surface, but not intracellular molecules of DCs. The delivery of short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and small-interfering RNAs (siRNA) should be ...
Source: Cancers - January 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yao-Hua Liu I-Jeng Yeh Ming-Derg Lai Kuan-Ting Liu Po-Lin Kuo Meng-Chi Yen Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cancer/testis Antigen MAGEA3 Interacts with STAT1 and Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment.
In this study, we report that MAGEA3 interacts with STAT1 and regulates the expression of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT1 (pY-STAT1) in tumor cells. We show that pY-STAT1 is significantly up-regulated when MAGEA3 is silenced by MAGEA3-specific siRNA. RNA sequencing analysis identified 274 STAT1-related genes to be significantly altered in expression level in MAGEA3 knockdown cells. Further analysis of these differentially expressed genes with GO enrichment and KEGG pathway revealed that they are mainly enriched in plasma membrane, extracellular region and MHC class I protein complex, and involved in the interferon signaling ...
Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences - December 29, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Int J Med Sci Source Type: research

Enhanced interaction between SEC2 mutant and TCR V{beta} induces MHC II-independent activation of T cells via PKC{theta}/NF-{kappa}B and IL-2R/STAT5 signaling pathways Cell Biology
In this study, we found that in contrast to SEC2, ST-4 could induce murine CD4+ T-cell proliferation in a Vβ8.2- and Vβ8.3-specific manner in the absence of MHC II+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Furthermore, although IL-2 secretion in response to either SEC2 or ST-4 stimulation was accompanied by up-regulation of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ), inhibitor of κB (IκB), α and β IκB kinase (IKKα/β), IκBα, and NF-κB in mouse splenocytes, only ST-4 could activate CD4+ T cells in the absence of MHC II+ APCs through the PKCθ/NF-κB signaling pathway. The PKCθ inhibitor AEB071 significantly suppressed SEC2/ST-4–induc...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - December 21, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xuanhe Fu, Mingkai Xu, Yubo Song, Yongqiang Li, Huiwen Zhang, Jinghai Zhang, Chenggang Zhang Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

SF3B1 Mutations Associate with Low CD20 Expression in CLL: Another NOTCH1-Dependent Mechanism?
ConclusionsIn addition to NOTCH1-mut cases, also CLL cases bearing SF3B1 mutations are characterized by a lower CD20 expression, allegedly through a more active NOTCH1 pathway, potentially resulting in clinical resistance to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies.DisclosuresZaja: Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Sandoz: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria.
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Pozzo, F., Bittolo, T., Tissino, E., Vit, F., Vendramini, E., Bomben, R., Zucchetto, A., Dal Bo, M., Laurenti, L., D'Arena, G. F., Di Raimondo, F., Chiarenza, A., Pozzato, G., Zaja, F., Del Poeta, G., Gattei, V. Tags: 641. CLL: Biology and Pathophysiology, excluding Therapy: Poster I Source Type: research

JAK-STAT3 Pathway Regulates CD38 Expression on Multiple Myeloma Cells
In this study, we evaluated the impact of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from MM patients on CD38 expression and anti-CD38 Antibody-induced ADCC.We first cultured MM cells (RPMI8226, MM.1S, MOLP8) with culture supernatant from BMSCs and measured CD38 expression by flow cytometry. A significant reduction of CD38 expression on all MM cell lines was noted in a time-dependent fashion. For example, CD38 expression (mean fluorescence intensity) was reduced 44%, 32%, and 42% on RPMI8226, MM.1S and MOLP8 cells, respectively, after 48 h culture with BMSC supernatants. To identify mediators of this effect, we next examined the ef...
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Ogiya, D., Liu, J., Ohguchi, H., Tai, Y.-T., Hideshima, T., Anderson, K. Tags: 651. Myeloma: Biology and Pathophysiology, excluding Therapy: Poster III Source Type: research

Exploiting novel tailored immunotherapies of type 1 diabetes: Short interfering RNA delivered by cationic liposomes enables efficient Down-regulation of variant PTPN22 gene in T lymphocytes
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2018Source: Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and MedicineAuthor(s): Marsha Pellegrino, Francesca Ceccacci, Stefania Petrini, Marco Cappa, Giovanna Mancini, Alessandra FierabracciAbstractIn autoimmune diseases as Type 1 diabetes, the actual treatment that provides the missing hormones is not able, however, to interrupt the underlining immunological mechanism. Importantly, novel immunotherapies are exploited to protect and rescue the remaining hormone producing cells. Among probable targets of immunotherapy, the C1858T mutation in the PTPN22 gene, which encodes for the lymp...
Source: Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine - November 12, 2018 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer progression and therapy
Most of the tumors are occupied with a number of self ‐renewing cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are contributed to the initiation, maintenance, and thriving cancer. The cells have rather similar characteristics to other stem cells located in the niche of body organs, but they have not essentially the same responses to the diverse stimuli. There is evidence for repopulation of CSCs after treatment with chemo/radiotherapy, which is possibly because of their highly plastic feature. Normal stem cells have the proclivity to transform into CSCs when they undergo continuous mutagenesis or receive tumorigenic signals ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - November 11, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Masoud Najafi, Bagher Farhood, Keywan Mortezaee Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research