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Therapy: Immunotherapy

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Total 258 results found since Jan 2013.

Mismatch in epitope specificities between IFNγ inflamed and uninflamed conditions leads to escape from T lymphocyte killing in melanoma
Conclusions: Our results illustrate a little-studied mechanism of immune escape by tumor cells which, with appropriate understanding and treatment, may be reversible. These data have implications for the design of cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies.
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - February 16, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Katherine WoodsAshley J. KnightsMatthew AnakaRalf SchittenhelmAnthony PurcellAndreas BehrenJonathan Cebon Source Type: research

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Notch1 suppresses tumor growth and enhances the effect of IL-2 immunotherapy in malignant melanoma.
CONCLUSION: These results suggested that siRNA-mediated Notch1 knockdown might be an effective method for the inhibition of tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro, and might potentially enhance the effect of IL-2 immunotherapy in MM. Notch1 knockdown concurrently administered with IL-2 might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MM. PMID: 26854453 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of B.U.ON. - February 9, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: J BUON Source Type: research

Abstract C171: Human anti-Nucleolin recombinant immunoagents as new potential tools for melanoma treatment
Immunotherapy and immune-based anti-cancer molecules represent a valid strategy to fight cancer. However, the choice of tumor-specific surface molecules for the selective targeting of cancer cells still represents a critical step in the study design for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Notably, the development of phage-display technology for the selection of fully human single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) and complete antibodies directed toward tumor-associated antigens has represented a significant advancement for immunotherapy.Nucleolin (NCL) is one of the most abundant non-ribosomal proteins in the nuc...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Braddom, A., Richmond, T., Sheetz, T., Reese, E., Tessari, A., Tober, K., Burd, C. E., De Lorenzo, C., Martin, E. W., Coppola, V., Tweedle, M. F., Oberyszyn, T., Croce, C. M., Palmieri, D. Tags: Therapeutic Agents: Biological: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Establishment of neutralizing rat monoclonal antibodies for fibroblast growth factor-2.
Authors: Tanaka M, Yamaguchi M, Shiota M, Kawamoto Y, Takahashi K, Inagaki A, Osada-Oka M, Harada A, Wanibuchi H, Izumi Y, Miura K, Iwao H, Ohkawa Y Abstract Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) plays a critical role in endothelial survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis and is localized on the cell membrane by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Here we established a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 1B9B9, against FGF-2 using the rat medial iliac lymph node method. 1B9B9 blocked the binding of FGF-2 to its receptor, inhibiting FGF-2-induced proliferation and corresponding downstream signaling in endothelial...
Source: Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy - December 2, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother Source Type: research

Silencing c-Kit expression in human DCs suppresses Th2, Th17 response but enhances Th1 response.
Authors: Yang B, Yang Q, Huang Q, Yan H, Sun T, Tong H Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are integral to the differentiation of T helper cells into T helper type 1 TH1, TH2 and TH17 subsets. RNA interference (RNAi), which causes the degradation of any RNA in a sequence specific manner, is a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism. Targeting the c-Kit in DCs has been used as an approach to enhance antitumor immunity. Here, we shwed that transfection of DCs with siRNA specific for c-Kit gene can significantly knock down c-Kit. When exposed to TNF-α, immature DCs transfected with c-Kit siRNA can differentiate into ...
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - November 11, 2015 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

TLR9-Targeted SiRNA Delivery In Vivo.
Abstract The SiRNA strategy is a potent and versatile method for modulating expression of any gene in various species for investigational or therapeutic purposes. Clinical translation of SiRNA-based approaches proved challenging, mainly due to the difficulty of targeted SiRNA delivery into cells of interest and the immunogenic side effects of oligonucleotide reagents. However, the intrinsic sensitivity of immune cells to nucleic acids can be utilized for the delivery of SiRNAs designed for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy. We have demonstrated that synthetic ligands for the intracellular receptor TLR9 can serve...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - October 17, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Hossain DM, Moreira D, Zhang Q, Nechaev S, Swiderski P, Kortylewski M Tags: Methods Mol Biol Source Type: research

Current advances in self-assembled nanogels for immunotherapy.
Abstract Since nanogels (nanometer-sized gels) were developed two decades ago, they were utilized as carriers of innovative drug delivery systems. In particular, immunological drug delivery via self-assembled nanogels (self-Nanogels) owing to their nanometer size and molecular chaperon-like ability to encapsulate large biomolecules is one of the most well studied and successful applications of nanogels. In the present review, we focus on nanogel applications as immunological drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines, cytokine delivery, nasal vaccines and nucleic acid delivery, including several clinical trials. Ca...
Source: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews - October 16, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tahara Y, Akiyoshi K Tags: Adv Drug Deliv Rev Source Type: research

Amphiregulin activates regulatory T lymphocytes and suppresses CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
In this study, we investigated how HCC cells alter endogenous anti-tumor immunity and their related signaling pathways. We found that HCC cells, both in vitro and in vivo, substantially secret and express amphiregulin (AR). AR in turn activates immunosuppressive function of intratumoral CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a major inhibitor of CD8+ T cells. Using either lentiviral siRNA, or AR neutralizing antibody, we blocked the expression and function of AR to test the specificity of AR mediated activation of Tregs, Biochemical and cell biology studies were followed and confirmed that blocking of AR inhibited Tregs ac...
Source: Oncotarget - October 11, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Abstract A83: Lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of eosinophilic Galectin-10/Charcot-Leyden crystals: A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy
Conclusion: The creation of galectin-10 knockdown eosinophils provides a useful model for investigating eosinophilic galectin-10's ability to modulate T cell access and homing to tumors, and a putative role, similar to Treg galectin-10, in regulating tumoral T lymphocytic proliferation can certainly be envisioned. The consideration of galectin-10 knockdown eosinophils as a singular approach to cancer immunotherapy, or in combination with other anti-cancer therapies such as adoptive T cell therapies, or therapeutic cancer vaccines, is intriguing.Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.Citation Format: Christ...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - September 30, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Clarke, C. A., Lee, C. M., Laniyan, I., Furbert-Harris, P. Tags: Other Topics in Cell, Molecular, and Tumor Biology: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

RNAi nanomaterials targeting immune cells as an anti-tumor therapy: the missing link in cancer treatment?
Publication date: Available online 15 August 2015 Source:Materials Today Author(s): João Conde, Christina E. Arnold, Furong Tian, Natalie Artzi siRNA delivery targeting tumor cells and cancer-associated immune cells has been gaining momentum in the last few years. A combinatorial approach for silencing crucial factors essential for tumor progression in cancer-associated immune cells and in cancer cells simultaneously can effectively shift the tumor microenvironment from pro-oncogenic to anti-tumoral. Gene-therapy using RNAi nanomaterials can help shift this balance; however, fully utilizing the potential of RNAi rel...
Source: Materials Today - August 15, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Abstract 245: Identification of novel immune checkpoints as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using RNAi screening
CONCLUSION: We set up a robust and systematic method to identify novel immune checkpoints for pancreatic cancer. Further functional validation of our candidate genes will prove their use as therapeutic targets.Citation Format: Antonio Sorrentino, Tillmann Michels, Ayse Nur Menevse, Nisit Khandelwal, Marco Breinig, Isabel Poschke, Rienk Offringa, Michael Boutros, Philipp Beckhove. Identification of novel immune checkpoints as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using RNAi screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sorrentino, A., Michels, T., Menevse, A. N., Khandelwal, N., Breinig, M., Poschke, I., Offringa, R., Boutros, M., Beckhove, P. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract 254: TiMi1 is a novel immune-checkpoint in solid tumors identified via a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-based RNAi screening
In this study, we established and utilized a novel high throughput RNAi screening to identify new immune checkpoint molecules in melanoma using antigen-specific patient-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in conjunction with primary HLA-matched melanoma cells. Using this approach, we screened a siRNA library targeting more than 1200 surface receptors and kinases to explore novel targets for immunotherapy.Briefly, HLA-A2 and luciferase positive M579-A2-luc melanoma cells were reversely transfected with the siRNA library and then co-cultured with MART1- and gp100-specific TILs to validate the TIL-mediated tumor lys...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michels, T., Hartl, C. A., Khandelwal, N., Breinig, M., Sorrentino, A., Mader, C., Umansky, L., Poschke, I., Offringa, R., Boutros, M., Eisenberg, G., Lotem, M., Beckhove, P. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract 294: A novel cancer therapeutic strategy: inducing cytotoxic functions in tumor-associated macrophages
Macrophages are recognized as an important component of the tumor microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that they promote tumor growth and participate in the initiation and progression of metastatic spread. Methods are being developed to eliminate macrophages from the tumor, thereby inhibiting their negative effects. However, we believe that the best approach would be to transform the tumor-helping macrophages into tumor-killing macrophages that would both eliminate tumor cells directly and re-invigorate other immune cells around them to better fight the tumor. Our data indicates that we have found a way to induce ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Barham, W., Tikhomirov, O., Ortega, R., Saskowski, J., Thompson, C. S., Wilson, A., Blackwell, T., Mirafzali, Z., Khabele, D., Giorgio, T., Yull, F. E. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract 1346: Immunotherapy against breast cancer based on Stat3 blockade
In this study our objectives were to study whether immunization with supernatants (SN) produced by Stat3-blocked cells induces an antitumor immune response and to explore the contribution of senescence phenotype in this response. For that purpose we used BC models of ErbB-2-positive, JIMT-1 and KPL-4 cells (human) and C4HD cells (murine), and of triple negative, MDA-MB231 cells (human) and 4T1 cell (murine). Knockdown of Stat3 with siRNA in these cells, induced senescence (assessed by acidic β-galactosidase staining). In human BC cells the senescent phenotype was accompanied by up-regulation of p21cip1 and downregulation ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: De Martino, M., Mercogliano, M. F., Tkach, M., Venturutti, L., Elizalde, P. V., Schillaci, R. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research