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Specialty: Endocrinology

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Total 648 results found since Jan 2013.

The multifaceted biology of PCSK9
This article reviews the discovery of PCSK9, its structure-function characteristics, and its presently known and proposed novel biological functions. The major critical function of PCSK9 deduced from human and mouse studies, as well as cellular and structural analyses, is its role in increasing the levels of circulating LDL-cholesterol (LDLc), via its ability to enhance the sorting and escort of the cell surface LDL receptor (LDLR) to lysosomes. This implicates the binding of the catalytic domain of PCSK9 to the EGF-A domain of the LDLR. This also requires the presence of the C-terminal Cys/His-rich domain (CHRD), its bind...
Source: ENDOCR REV - October 9, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nabil G Seidah Annik Prat Source Type: research

Intracellular ATP Signaling Contributes to FAM3A-Induced PDX1 Upregulation in Pancreatic Beta Cells
In this study, the role of intracellular ATP in FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression in pancreatic β cells was further examined. Acute FAM3A inhibition using siRNA transfection in mouse pancreatic islets significantly reduced PDX1 expression, impaired insulin secretion, and caused glucose intolerance in normal mice. In vitro, FAM3A overexpression elevated both intracellular and extracellular ATP contents and promoted PDX1 expression and insulin secretion. FAM3A-induced increase in cellular calcium (Ca2+) levels, PDX1 expression, and insulin secretion, while these were significantly repres...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes - September 30, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yan, Han Chen, Zhenzhen Zhang, Haizeng Yang, Weili Liu, Xiangyang Meng, Yuhong Xiang, Rui Wu, Zhe Ye, Jingjing Chi, Yujing Yang, Jichun Tags: Article Source Type: research

NDUFB6 Polymorphism Is Associated With Physical Activity-Mediated Metabolic Changes in Type 2 Diabetes
The rs540467 SNP in the NDUFB6 gene, encoding a mitochondrial complex I subunit, has been shown to modulate adaptations to exercise training. Interaction effects with diabetes mellitus remain unclear. We assessed associations of habitual physical activity (PA) levels with metabolic variables and examined a possible modifying effect of the rs540467 SNP. Volunteers with type 2 (n=242), type 1 diabetes (n=250) or normal glucose tolerance (control; n=139) were studied at diagnosis and subgroups with type 1 (n=96) and type 2 diabetes (n=95) after 5 years. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, o...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - September 24, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies ANGPTL4 as a Key Regulator in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via FAK/SIRT3/ROS Pathway in Cardiomyocyte
ConclusionWe found ANGPTL4, ACOT1, DECR1, HMGCS2, and PDK4 were significantly increased in diabetic heart. ANGPTL4 could promote cardiac apoptosis via a FAK/SIRT3/ROS dependent signaling pathway in DbCM.
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - September 20, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Long Noncoding RNA MIAT Modulates the Extracellular Matrix Deposition in Leiomyomas by Sponging MiR-29 Family
The objective of this study was to determine the expression and functional role of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIAT (myocardial infarction associated transcript) in leiomyoma pathogenesis. Leiomyoma as compared with myometrium (N=66) expressed significantly more MIAT which was independent of race/ethnicity and menstrual cycle phase but dependent on MED12 (mediator complex subunit 12) mutation status. Leiomyomas bearing the MED12 mutation expressed higher levels of MIAT and lower levels of microRNA 29 family (miR-29a, -b and -c) compared with MED12 wild type leiomyomas. Using luciferase reporter activity and RNA immunopre...
Source: Endocrinology - September 7, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tsai-Der Chuang Derek Quintanilla Drake Boos Omid Khorram Source Type: research

Mechanisms of OCT4 on 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine and FSH-induced granulosa cell development in female mice
Endocrinology. 2021 Aug 31:bqab183. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqab183. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOctamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) regulates the pluripotency of stem cells and also plays important roles in granulosa cells growth, which is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Thyroid hormone (TH) is important for the development and maturation of follicles and the maintenance of various endocrine functions. Although 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) enhances the effects of FSH on the regulation of the growth of granulosa cells and development of follicles, it is unclear whether and how TH combines with FSH ...
Source: Endocrinology - August 31, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Qiaozhi Wang Yilin Yao Xiaoshu Ma Baoqiang Fu Ningxin Li Cheng Zhang Source Type: research

Sp1-Induced lncRNA Rmrp Promotes Mesangial Cell Proliferation and Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating the miR-1a-3p/JunD Pathway
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators in DN progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms of multiple lncRNAs in DN remain to be determined. Our aim was to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of lncRNA RNA component of mitochondrial RNAase P (Rmrp) in DN. Here, we observed that the expression of Rmrp was up-regulated in the kidney of db/db DN mice and high glucose induced glomerular mesangial cells (MC). More importantly, the abnormal transcription of Rmrp was induced by nuclear transcription factor Sp1, which promotes the prol...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - August 27, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

LH induces de novo cholesterol biosynthesis via SREBP activation in granulosa cells during ovulation in female mice
In this study, when immature mice were treated with gonadotropins (eCG followed by hCG), eCG induced and hCG maintained the expression of SREBP-1a, -2, and SCAP granulosa cells, whereas INSIG1 expression was dramatically downregulated after hCG injection. Downregulation of INSIG1 led to generate the SREBPs active form and translocate the SREBPs active form to nuclei. Inhibition of generation of the SREBPs active form by fatostatin or Scap siRNA in both in vivo and in vitro significantly decreased the expressions of de novo cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes, cholesterol accumulation, and progesterone (P4) production compared...
Source: Endocrinology - August 25, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tomoya Nakanishi Risa Tanaka Shingo Tonai Joo Yeon Lee Manami Yamaoka Tomoko Kawai Asako Okamoto Masayuki Shimada Yasuhisa Yamashita Source Type: research

The Notch pathway regulates KLF4 in podocyte injury induced by high glucose
ConclusionThe Notch pathway may regulate the expression of nephrin and integrin β1 through KLF4 in HG-induced podocytes.
Source: International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries - August 12, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Wnt5a Regulates Junctional Function of Sertoli cells Through PCP-Mediated Effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2
This study clarified the molecular mechanism of Wnt5a in Sertoli cell junctions through the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway. Our findings could provide an experimental basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility caused by Sertoli cell junction impairment.PMID:34338758 | DOI:10.1210/endocr/bqab149
Source: Endocrinology - August 2, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yan Fu Yuexin Wei Yu Zhou Huan Wu Yifan Hong Chunlan Long Junke Wang Yuhao Wu Shengde Wu Lianju Shen Guanghui Wei Source Type: research

HAND2 is a novel obesity-linked adipogenic transcription factor regulated by glucocorticoid signalling
Conclusions/interpretationIn summary, our study identifies HAND2 as a novel obesity-linked adipocyte transcription factor, highlighting new mechanisms of GR-dependent adipogenesis in humans and mice.Data availabilityArray data have been submitted to the GEO database at NCBI (GSE148699).Graphical abstract
Source: Diabetologia - August 1, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Towards personalized medicine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jul 26:S1043-2760(21)00155-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.07.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMohassel et al. provide unprecedented dichotomy of consequences on sphingolipid biosynthesis between pathogenic variants in the SPTLC1 gene, responsible for either amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1). Normalization of sphingolipid levels by siRNA selectively targeting the ALS mutant allele mRNA sheds light on new therapeutic approaches.PMID:34325980 | DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2021.07.002
Source: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM - July 30, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Julien Cassereau Philippe Corcia Pascal Reynier Source Type: research