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Infectious Disease: Hepatitis

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Total 297 results found since Jan 2013.

Flavonoids from Livistona chinensis fruit ameliorates LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of flavonoids from Livistona chinensis fruit (FLCF). Mice received FLCF pre-treatment for 7 days and induced liver injury with LPS+D-GalN. RAW264.7 cells were triggered inflammation by LPS and received FLCF for 24 h. The result showed that FLCF ameliorated the liver pathology in mice, decreased the levels of AST, ALT, MDA, but increased SOD and GSH. Moreover, FLCF inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling, while activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in LPS+D-GalN mice. These effects were consistent with the in vitro data revealing that FLCF suppressed TLR4/NF-κB signalin...
Source: Journal of Functional Foods - July 18, 2019 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Tripartite motif protein 52 (TRIM52) promoted fibrosis in LX-2 cells through PPM1A-mediated Smad2/3 pathway.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 31329338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Biology International - July 21, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhou J, Lan Q, Li W, Yang L, You J, Zhang YM, Ni W Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research

siRNA- and miRNA-Based Therapeutics for Liver Fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process induced by chronic liver injuries, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metal poisoning. The accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is a key characteristic of liver fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producers of ECM and therefore play irreplaceably important roles during the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrogenesis is highly correlated with the activation of HSCs, which is regulated by numerous profibrotic cytokines.
Source: Translational Research - August 12, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Zhen Zhao, Chien-Yu Lin, Kun Cheng Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

TLR4 promotes liver inflammation by activating the JNK pathway.
CONCLUSIONS: APAP-treated TLR4-/- mice showed milder liver injury compared to WT mice. It was confirmed that TLR4 could activate the JNK signaling pathway to induce the secretion of inflammatory factors and the infiltration of macrophages to promote APAP-induced liver injury. This finding might provide a new prevention and treatment idea for clinical drug-induced hepatitis. PMID: 31539158 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - September 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Toward a Functional Cure for Hepatitis B: The Rationale and Challenges for Therapeutic Targeting of the B Cell Immune Response
The central role of the cellular immune response in the control and clearance of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been well-established. The contribution of humoral immunity, including B cell and antibody responses against HBV, has been investigated for a long time but has attracted increasing attention again in recent years. The anti-HBs antibody was first recognized as a marker of protective immunity after the acute resolution of the HBV infection (or vaccination) and is now defined as a biomarker for the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this way, therapies targeting HBV-specific B cells and the ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Autophagic Degradation of Misfolded Nuclear Receptor Co-repressor (NCoR) Is Linked to the Growth of Tumor Cells in HBX Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is causally linked to hepatocellular injury and cell death, which are followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after a long latent period. The HBV derived X protein (HBX) is the most potent carcinogenic factor for HCC, however, the molecular mechanism of HBX-induced transformation of hepatic cells in HCC is poorly understood. We have shown that nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR) is essential for the spatial repression of global transcription by the promyelocytic leukemia oncogenic domains (PODs), a frequent target of viral oncoproteins like HBX and that disintegration of PODs due to misfolded co...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - December 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Knockdown of long noncoding RNA dreh facilitates cell surface GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake through the involvement of vimentin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
In conclusion, dreh is the first observed lncRNA that regulates glucose transport in adipocytes and could serve as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes by modulating adipocyte function. Considering the new function of dreh, we propose that dreh be renamed "down-regulated expression-related hexose/glucose transport enhancer." PMID: 32018013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Gene - January 31, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Takahashi N, Kimura AP, Ohmura K, Naito S, Yoshida M, Ieko M Tags: Gene Source Type: research

Host factor prioritization for pan-viral genetic perturbation screens using random intercept models and network propagation
by Simon Dirmeier, Christopher D ächert, Martijn van Hemert, Ali Tas, Natacha S. Ogando, Frank van Kuppeveld, Ralf Bartenschlager, Lars Kaderali, Marco Binder, Niko Beerenwinkel Genetic perturbation screens using RNA interference (RNAi) have been conducted successfully to identify host factors that are essential for the life cycle of bacteria or viruses. So far, most published studies identified host factors primarily for single pathogens. Furthermore, often only a small subset of genes, e.g., genes encoding kinases, have been targeted. Identification of host factors on a pan-pathogen level, i.e., genes that are crucial ...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - February 9, 2020 Category: Biology Authors: Simon Dirmeier Source Type: research

SIRT1 enhances hepatitis virus B transcription independent of hepatic autophagy.
In conclusion, HBc protein and pgRNA levels are upregulated not by the autophagic process itself but by the SIRT1 expression level. PMID: 32446392 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - May 26, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yamai T, Hikita H, Fukuoka M, Fukutomi K, Murai K, Nakabori T, Yamada R, Miyakawa K, Watashi K, Ryo A, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Tatsumi T, Takehara T Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

SMAD3 promotes autophagy dysregulation by triggering lysosome depletion in tubular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy.
In conclusion, SMAD3 promotes lysosome depletion via the inhibition of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis; this may be an important mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; ATP6V1H: ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit H; CTSB: cathepsin B; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; Co-BSA: control bovine serum albumin; DN: diabetic nephropathy; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FN1: fibronectin 1; HAVCR1/TIM1/KIM-1: hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosome membran...
Source: Autophagy - October 12, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang C, Chen XC, Li ZH, Wu HL, Jing KP, Huang XR, Ye L, Wei B, Lan HY, Liu HF Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 1189: Are Viral Vectors Any Good for RNAi Antiviral Therapy?
m RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel approach for alternative antiviral therapy. However, issues related to RNA delivery and stability have presented serious obstacles for obtaining good therapeutic efficacy. Viral vectors are capable of efficient delivery of RNAi as short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA). Efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases has been demonstrated in various animal models. Rotavirus (RV) miR-7 can inhibit rotavirus replication by targeting the RV nonstructural protein 5. Viral gene silencing by targeting the RNAi ...
Source: Viruses - October 20, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Kenneth Lundstrom Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase displays an anti-apoptotic effect by interacting with elongation factor 1-alpha2 in hepatoma cells.
In this study, we aimed at investigating the impact of HBV Pol on host cellular processes, mainly apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms. We showed a marked reduction in apoptotic rates in the HBV Pol-expressed HepG2 cells compared to controls. Moreover, a series of assays-i.e. yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy-identified the host factor eEF1A2 to be associated with HBV Pol. Furthermore, knockdown of the eEF1A2 gene by siRNA abrogated the HBV Pol-mediated anti-apoptotic effect with apoptosis induced by endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress inducer thapsigargin (...
Source: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - October 23, 2020 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Niu X, Nong S, Gong J, Zhang X, Tang H, Zhou T, Li W Tags: J Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: research

GSE140589 Cd302 and Cr1l restrict human hepatotropic virus cross-species transmission to mice  6PMH siRNA
Contributors : Richard Brown ; Birthe Tegtmeyer ; Thomas PietschmannSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Mus musculusVirus species- and tissue-tropism is governed by host dependency and restriction factors. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits a narrow species-tropism and murine hepatocytes are refractory to infection. Using murine liver cDNA library screening we identified Cd302, a lectin, and Cr1l, a complement receptor, as pan-genotypic restrictors of HCV infection. Cd302/Cr1l interact to impede virion uptake and co-operatively induce a non-canonical transcriptional program, inhibiting ...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - December 1, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing Mus musculus Source Type: research

Ubiquitously specific protease 4 inhibitor-Vialinin A attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in S100-induced hepatitis mice through Rheb/mTOR signalling.
In conclusion, USP4 was significantly elevated in autoimmune hepatitis mice and Vialinin A reduced USP4 level and attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. The mechanism may be related to regulation of Rheb/mTOR signalling. PMID: 33295107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: J Cell Mol Med - December 9, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xu J, Chen D, Jin L, Chen Z, Tu Y, Huang X, Xue F, Xu J, Chen M, Wang X, Chen Y Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

TMEM2 binds to CSNK2A3 to inhibit HBV infection via activation of the JAK/STAT pathway.
In conclusion, TMEM2 has been determined to bind to CSNK2A3 to inhibit HBV infection via activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. PMID: 33582094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - February 11, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhou H, Jia X, Hu K, Mo Z, Xu W, Peng L, Wang K, Zhu X Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research