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Infectious Disease: Hepatitis

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Total 297 results found since Jan 2013.

Phosphorylation of NS5A Serine-235 is essential to hepatitis C virus RNA replication and normal replication compartment formation.
Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein is essential for HCV RNA replication and virus assembly. Here we report the identification of NS5A phosphorylation sites Ser-222, Ser-235 and Thr-348 during an infectious HCV replication cycle and demonstrate that Ser-235 phosphorylation is essential for HCV RNA replication. Confocal microscopy revealed that both phosphoablatant (S235A) and phosphomimetic (S235D) mutants redistribute NS5A to large juxta-nuclear foci that display altered colocalization with known replication complex components. Using electron microscopy (EM) we found that S235D alters virus-induced memb...
Source: Virology - February 10, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Eyre NS, Hampton-Smith RJ, Aloia AL, Eddes JS, Simpson KJ, Hoffmann P, Beard MR Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Enhancement of the replication of HCV replicons of genotypes 1-4 by manipulation of CpG and UpA dinucleotide frequencies and use of cell lines expressing SECL14L2 - application for antiviral resistance testing.
Abstract Treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has improved greatly through the use of direct acting antivirals (DAAs). However, their effectiveness and potential for drug resistance development in non-genotype 1 variants of HCV remains relatively unexplored as in vitro assays to assess drug susceptibility are poorly developed and unsuited for a transient transfection format. In the current study, we have evaluated effects of dinucleotide frequency changes in the replicon and the use of a SEC14L2-expressing cell line on the replication of HCV of different genotypes and evaluated the resulting assay formats for sus...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 7, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Witteveldt J, Martin-Gans M, Simmonds P Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Suppression of duck hepatitis A virus Type 1 replication by lentivirus-mediated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene-specific siRNA
To explore the application of RNAi technology for the control of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene was amplified by PCR. pEGFP-RdRp was constructed for fusion expression of EGFP-RdRp protein. According to the sequence of RdRp, three gene-specific siRNAs were designed and the corresponding shRNA was inserted into pmiRZip to construct pRdRp-sh...
Source: African Journal of Microbiology Research - May 6, 2016 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Asialoglycoprotein receptor facilitates infection of PLC/PRF/5 cells by HEV through interaction with ORF2
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - May 8, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Li Zhang, Yabin Tian, Zhiheng Wen, Feng Zhang, Ying Qi, Weijin Huang, Heqiu Zhang, Youchun Wang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Driven Alpha Fetoprotein Expression to Promote Malignant Behaviors of Normal Liver Cells and Hepatoma Cells
Conclusions: HBx through stimulating expression of AFP to promote malignant behaviors of human normal liver cells and HCC cells; AFP maybe used as a novel biotarget for therapeutics of HCC patients.
Source: Journal of Cancer - June 5, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mingyue Zhu, Yan Lu, Wei Li, Junli Guo, Xu Dong, Bo Lin, Yi Chen, Xieju Xie, Mengsen Li Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Gene network activity in cultivated primary hepatocytes is highly similar to diseased mammalian liver tissue.
In conclusion, this study shows that gene regulatory network alterations of cultivated hepatocytes resemble those of inflammatory liver diseases and should therefore be considered and exploited as disease models. PMID: 27339419 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Toxicology - June 22, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Godoy P, Widera A, Schmidt-Heck W, Campos G, Meyer C, Cadenas C, Reif R, Stöber R, Hammad S, Pütter L, Gianmoena K, Marchan R, Ghallab A, Edlund K, Nüssler A, Thasler WE, Damm G, Seehofer D, Weiss TS, Dirsch O, Dahmen U, Gebhardt R, Chaudhari U, Megana Tags: Arch Toxicol Source Type: research

Assembly and release of infectious hepatitis C virus involving unusual organization of the secretory pathway.
CONCLUSION: Prior activity of the WNV subgenomic replicon in BHK-21 cells promoted re-wiring of host factors for the assembly and release of infectious HCV in a caspase-1-dependent mechanism. PMID: 27429716 [PubMed]
Source: World Journal of Hepatology - July 21, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: World J Hepatol Source Type: research

HBx-induced miR-21 suppresses cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting interleukin-12.
This study aimed to investigate the role of HBx-induced miR-21 in the apoptosis of HCC cells. In the study, interleukin-12 (IL-12) was demonstrated as a direct target of miR-21 by dual‑luciferase report assay, and miR-21 was highly expressed in HCC cells (HepG2 and HepG2 2.2.15) compared to L02 cells, but IL-12 was weakly expressed as detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, miR-21 mimics, inhibitor, HBx-targeted siRNA, and the HBx overexpression vector (pHBx) were used to observe the regulatory effects of HBx-induced miR-21 via IL-12, and cell apoptosis was assessed. The results showed that over...
Source: Oncology Reports - September 1, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncol Rep Source Type: research

Acetaldehyde Disrupts Interferon Alpha Signaling in Hepatitis C Virus ‐Infected Liver Cells by Up‐Regulating USP18
ConclusionsWe conclude that Ach disrupts IFNα‐induced STAT1 phosphorylation by the up‐regulation of USP18 to block the innate immunity protection in HCV‐infected liver cells, thereby contributing to HCV‐alcohol pathogenesis. This, in part, may explain the mechanism of HCV‐infection exacerbation/progression in alcohol‐abusing patients. IFNα is an important innate immunity factor, which controls HCV replication and spread via the JAK‐STAT1 pathway activation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms which major ethanol metabolite, acetaldehyde, uses to enhance HCV RNA by decreasing IFNα‐induced STAT1 phosphor...
Source: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research - September 25, 2016 Category: Addiction Authors: Murali Ganesan, Larisa Y. Poluektova, Dean J. Tuma, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Natalia A. Osna Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

HBx drives alpha fetoprotein expression to promote initiation of liver cancer stem cells through activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: International Journal of Cancer - December 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mingyue Zhu, Wei Li, Yan Lu, Xu Dong, Bo Lin, Chen Yi, Xueer Zhang, Junli Guo, Mengsen Li Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Crosstalk between different family members: IL27 recapitulates IFN γ responses in HCC cells, but is inhibited by IL6-type cytokines
In this study, we show that IL27 induces STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in 5 HCC lines and 3 different types of non-transformed liver cells. We were especially interested in the relevance of the IL27-induced STAT3 activation in liver cells. Thus, we compared the IL27 responses with those induced by IFNγ (STAT1-dominated response) or IL6-type cytokines (IL6, hyper-IL6 (hy-IL6) or OSM) (STAT3-dominated response) by microarray analysis and find that in HCC cells, IL27 induces an IFNγ-like, STAT1-dependent transcriptional response, but we do not find an effective STAT3-dependent response. Validation experiments corroborate ...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Cell Research - December 9, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of ARC ‐520 Injection, an RNA Interference‐Based Therapeutic for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, in Healthy Volunteers
Abstract ARC‐520 Injection, an RNA interference drug for the treatment of hepatitis B that targets cccDNA‐derived viral mRNA transcripts with high specificity, effectively reduces the production of viral proteins and HBV DNA. In this phase 1 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 54 healthy volunteers (half male, half female) received a single, intravenous dose of 0.01–4.0 mg/kg ARC‐520 Injection (n = 36) or placebo (n = 18). Assessments included safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (cytokines and complement). Pharmacokinetics of the siRNA and peptide excipient components co...
Source: Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development - December 11, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Thomas Schluep, Jason Lickliter, James Hamilton, David L. Lewis, Ching ‐Lung Lai, Johnson YN Lau, Stephen A. Locarnini, Robert G. Gish, Bruce D. Given Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Hepatic stellate cells secrete WFA+ ‐M2BP; its role in biological interactions with Kupffer cells
ConclusionsWFA+‐M2BP from HSCs induces Mac‐2 expression in KCs, which in turn activates HSCs to be fibrogenic.
Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - November 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Yuki Bekki, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Shinji Shimoda, Shinji Itoh, Norifumi Harimoto, Toru Ikegami, Atsushi Kuno, Hisashi Narimatsu, Ken Shirabe, Yoshihiko Maehara Tags: Original Article ‐ Hepatology (Experimental) Source Type: research

Efficient replication of blood borne Hepatitis C Virus in human fetal liver stem cells
Conclusion: Our data showed that the entire bbHCV life cycle could be naturally imitated in hFLSCs. This model is expected to provide a powerful tool for exploring the process and the mechanism of bbHCV infection at the cellular level, and evaluating the treatment and preventive strategies of bbHCV infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Hepatology - April 13, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Xuan Guo, Shu Wang, Zhi ‐Gang Qiu, Ya‐Ling Dou, Wei‐Li Liu, Dong Yang, Zhi‐Qiang Shen, Zhao‐Li Chen, Jing‐Feng Wang, Bin‐ Zhang, Xin‐Wei Wang, Xiang‐Fei Guo, Xue‐Lian Zhang, Min Jin, Jun‐Wen Li Tags: Viral Hepatitis Source Type: research

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2) is decreased with viral infection and regulates pro ‐labour mediators OA
ConclusionCollectively, our data suggest that HAVCR2 regulates cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins and cell adhesion molecules in the presence of viral infection. This suggests a potential for HAVCR2 activators as therapeutics for the management of preterm birth associated with viral infections.
Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology - May 3, 2017 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Stella Liong, Ratana Lim, Gillian Barker, Martha Lappas Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research