Epidemiology of poisoning
Accidental poisoning is most common in children, but deliberate self-harm becomes predominant in teenagers and early adulthood. The epidemiology of poisoning can be studied using mortality data, hospital admission rates and enquiries to poisons information services. Effective strategies for preventing suicide and reducing the risk of accidental poisoning require an understanding of the epidemiology of poisoning. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 29, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ruben Thanacoody, Mark Anderson Tags: General aspects of poisoning Source Type: research
Drug misuse
While the misuse of traditional drugs remains common, the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has changed the landscape of drug misuse in recent years. Although hundreds of NPS have been identified, opioids, including new synthetic examples, still dominate mortality. The exact substances causing toxicity are often unknown on presentation, and multiple exposures are commonly involved. Management is therefore based on a recognition of the drug group(s) involved by identifying the clinical toxidrome. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 29, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Fraser JH. Henderson, Simon L. Hill, Simon HL. Thomas Tags: General aspects of poisoning Source Type: research
Poisoning by metals
Lead can be absorbed after inhalation or ingestion and is toxic to most organ systems. Management involves avoidance of exposure and, in more severe cases, chelation therapy with either sodium calcium edetate or dimercaptosuccinic acid. Iron poisoning causes metabolic effects in proportion to the concentrations of free iron, although individual responses vary. Toxicity is therefore related to the dose ingested. Iron concentrations can rise and fall, making plasma concentrations difficult to interpret in acute poisoning. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 29, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Muhammad EMO Elamin, Sally M Bradberry, James W Dear Tags: Poisonous substances Source Type: research
Poisoning by carbon monoxide
Accidental carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning causes 100 hospital admissions and 7 deaths per million UK population. Toxicity occurs mainly through the formation of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), causing ischaemia of vital organs. Features are non-specific and include headache, gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, weakness, convulsions, coma, chest pain and dyspnoea. Neuropsychiatric features can appear up to 40 days after the initial exposure. The diagnosis can be missed unless a history of exposure to sources of CO is elicited or a CO alarm triggered. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 29, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Aravindan Veiraiah Tags: Poisonous substances Source Type: research
Intentional benzodiazepine poisoning in older adults reported to United States Poison Centers
Volume 62, Issue 3, March 2024, Page 174-182 . (Source: Clinical Toxicology)
Source: Clinical Toxicology - April 29, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Namkee G. ChoiBryan Y. ChoiC. Nathan MartiS. David Bakera Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of TX at Austin, Austin, TX, USAb Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine & Bayhealth Medical Center, Dover Source Type: research
Predicting the outcome in poisoned patients: look at the past!
Volume 62, Issue 3, March 2024, Page 139-144 . (Source: Clinical Toxicology)
Source: Clinical Toxicology - April 29, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Samanta M. ZwaagClaudine C. HunaultDylan W. de LangeDutch Poison Information Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands Source Type: research
Occupational exposure to methyl acetate resulting in methanol poisoning
Volume 62, Issue 3, March 2024, Page 200-201 . (Source: Clinical Toxicology)
Source: Clinical Toxicology - April 29, 2024 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xiying LiXiao ZhangWeihui LiangLili LiuYanyan WangShijie HuGuangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China Source Type: research
Poisoning by household products
Exposures to household products are common. Most of these exposures are accidental, causing minimal symptoms. Serious toxicity is possible if large amounts or high concentrations of products are involved. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 28, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Muhammad EMO Elamin Tags: Poisonous substances Source Type: research
Does testosterone underly the interplay between male traits and territorial behavior in neotropical poison frogs?
Horm Behav. 2024 Apr 26;162:105547. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105547. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe ability of individual animals to defend a territory as well as various phenotypic and behavioral traits may be targets of sexual selection used by males to evaluate their competitors or by females to choose males. A frequent question in animal behavior is whether male traits and characteristics of their territory are correlated and what are the mechanisms that may mediate such associations when they exist. Because hormones link phenotype to behavior, by studying the role of testosterone in territoriality one may come clo...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - April 27, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mileidy Betancourth-Cundar Virginie Canoine Leonida Fusani Carlos Daniel Cadena Source Type: research
Does testosterone underly the interplay between male traits and territorial behavior in neotropical poison frogs?
Horm Behav. 2024 Apr 26;162:105547. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105547. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe ability of individual animals to defend a territory as well as various phenotypic and behavioral traits may be targets of sexual selection used by males to evaluate their competitors or by females to choose males. A frequent question in animal behavior is whether male traits and characteristics of their territory are correlated and what are the mechanisms that may mediate such associations when they exist. Because hormones link phenotype to behavior, by studying the role of testosterone in territoriality one may come clo...
Source: Hormones and Behavior - April 27, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mileidy Betancourth-Cundar Virginie Canoine Leonida Fusani Carlos Daniel Cadena Source Type: research
Sublingual administration of atropine eye drops for treating organophosphorus poisoning
Key Clinical MessageAn 89-year-old patient with fenitrothion toxicity received sublingual atropine eye drops, reducing the intravenous atropine requirement. This alternative method enabled rapid rehabilitation, and he walked unaided, leading to discharge. (Source: Clinical Case Reports)
Source: Clinical Case Reports - April 27, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ichiro Hirayama,
Yoshito Kamijo,
Minaho Nonaka,
Tetsuhiro Yano,
Mitsuru Ishii,
Yoshiteru Tominaga Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research
Tracheal Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Adults with Severe Salicylate Poisoning
Salicylate poisoning may lead to critical acid-base disturbances. Tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for patients with severe salicylism has been strongly discouraged. (Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine)
Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine - April 27, 2024 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Brooke A. McDonald, Megan Conlon, Alexandru Ulici, Jon B. Cole, Travis D. Olives, Robert R. Kempainen, Matthew E. Prekker Tags: Selected Topics: Toxicology Source Type: research
Principles of management of the poisoned patient
One of the fundamental complications within toxicology is that patients may not know or disclose what they have been poisoned with. Consequently, a sound and considered general approach to identify potential harms and plan clinical management is necessary. This chapter aims to guide the reader through the initial approach and general principles to consider when managi ng a poisoned patient. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 27, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Emma E. Morrison, Euan A. Sandilands Tags: General aspects of poisoning Source Type: research
Poisoning by paracetamol
Paracetamol overdose is common. If left untreated, liver and/or renal failure can develop. Administration of the antidote, acetylcysteine, within 8 –10 hours of overdose minimizes or prevents liver damage. After overdose, the tests used to identify that patients are at risk of liver injury are well established but have limitations. Once liver injury has occurred, important prognostic factors are the presence of hepatic encephalopathy, the int ernational normalized ratio, acid–base status and renal function. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 27, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: James W Dear Tags: Poisonous substances Source Type: research
Metabolic complications of poisoning
Poisoning caused by a large range of drugs and chemicals can induce metabolic complications via many different mechanisms. Some metabolic complications are life-threatening but all require careful assessment, appropriate monitoring and consideration of treatment. Prompt diagnosis and management reduce morbidity and mortality. Treatment may be targeted to the specific poisoning, and can be time-critical, or can follow approaches similar to those of general and acute medicine. This review introduces metabolic complications associated with sodium, potassium, metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis and methaemoglobinaemia. (Source: Medicine)
Source: Medicine - April 27, 2024 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Darren M Roberts, Jessie Beaulieu Tags: General aspects of poisoning Source Type: research
