Dynamic eyelid reconstruction in facial nerve palsy
The consequences of facial nerve palsy and secondary inability of eyelid closure and blink may lead to devastating complications for the patient, including blindness. Reconstruction techniques to improve eyelid position and function can be broadly classified into ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ techniques. Generally, ophthalmologists have been familiar with static procedures such as upper eyelid loading, tarsorrhaphy, canthoplasty and lower eyelid suspension. Recently, dynamic techniques are being increasingly described for patients who require definitive str ategies to improve eyelid function, once the initial critical goa...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 16, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ahsen Hussain Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Recommendations for risk stratification of periocular squamous cell carcinoma
Periocular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cutaneous malignancy with generally favorable outcomes; however, the periocular region is intrinsically a high-risk location, and there exists a subset of lesions with a propensity for poor outcomes. Orbital invasion, intracranial perineural spread, nodal and distant metastasis are feared complications. There are several staging systems for eyelid carcinoma and cutaneous SCC, but the definition of high-risk lesions remains heterogeneous. It is unclear exactly which lesions can be safely deescalated, and which require nodal evaluation and adjuvant multimodal therapy. (Sou...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 10, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Jessica Y. Tong, Shyamala C. Huilgol, Craig James, Dinesh Selva Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Future directions in managing aniridia-associated keratopathy
Congenital aniridia is a panocular disorder that is typically characterized by iris hypoplasia and aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK). AAK results in the progressive loss of corneal transparency and thereby loss of vision. Currently, there is no approved therapy to delay or prevent its progression, and clinical management is challenging because of phenotypic variability and high risk of complications after interventions; however, new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of AAK may help improve its management. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 3, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Arianne J.H. van Velthoven, Tor P. Utheim, Maria Notara, Dominique Bremond-Gignac, Francisco C. Figueiredo, Heli Skottman, Daniel Aberdam, Julie T Daniels, Giulio Ferrari, Christina Grupcheva, Carina Koppen, Mohit Parekh, Thomas Ritter, Vito Romano, Stefa Tags: Dochead Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth agents for the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
There remains limited agreement regarding the efficacy and safety of different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents for the management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Herein, we report on a meta-analysis comparing different anti-VEGF agents for the treatment of PCV. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 3, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Amin Hatamnejad, Nikhil S. Patil, Andrew Mihalache, Marko M. Popovic, Peter J. Kertes, Rajeev H. Muni, David T. Wong Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Table of Contents
(Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - May 1, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Surgical and anesthetic influences of the oculocardiac reflex in adults and children during strabismus surgery
One of the most common untoward occurrences during strabismus surgery at all ages is the oculocardiac reflex. Although typically easily treated, the sudden bradycardia or cardiac arrest may add a few grey hairs to ophthalmologists and anesthesiologists alike as it can be potentially fatal. This updated review of the literature and novel detailed treatment algorithm may prevent patient morbidity and mortality through proper recognition of at-risk patients and rapid treatment through proper communication between surgical and anesthesia physicians/providers. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 26, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ilona Juan, Mark Lin, Mark Greenberg, Shira L. Robbins Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence in retinal image analysis: Development, advances, and challenges
Modern advances in diagnostic technologies offers the potential for unprecedented insight into ophthalmic conditions relating to the retina. We discuss the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) in retina with respect to screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of retinal pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, central serous chorioretinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. We review the methods used in these models and evaluate their performance in both research and clinical contexts and discuss potential future directions for investigation, use of multiple imaging modalities in AI...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 26, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Anthony C. Oganov, Ian Seddon, Sayena Jabbehdari, Ogul E. Uner, Hossein Fonoudi, Ghasem Yazdanpanah, Oumaima Outani, J. Fernando Arevalo Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: A review of definitions based on clinical imaging
Despite the success of antiangiogenic therapy in controlling exudation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), the involvement of the outer retina in fibrosis results in gradual vision loss over time. The development of drugs that prevent or ameliorate fibrosis in nAMD requires that it is accurately detected and quantified with reliable endpoints and identification of robust biomarkers. Achievement of such an aim is currently challenging due to the lack of a consensus definition of fibrosis in nAMD. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - April 4, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Isabel Bachmeier, Beatriz Garcia Armendariz, Siqing Yu, Ralf Josef J äger, Andreas Ebneter, Carl Glittenberg, Daniel Pauleikhoff, SriniVas R Sadda, Usha Chakravarthy, Sascha Fauser Source Type: research
A Scoping Review of Patients' Barriers to Eye Care for Glaucoma and Keratitis
In this scoping review, we examine underlying causes of loss to follow-up for chronic (glaucoma) and acute (corneal ulcers) eye conditions using the Penchansky and Thomas access to care framework. We explore barriers by World Health Organization income levels and by study geographical location. We identified 6363 abstracts, with 75 articles retrieved and 16 meeting inclusion criteria. One article discussed barriers to follow-up care for people with corneal ulcers and the other 15 were for people with glaucoma. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 31, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Patrice M. Hicks, Linda Kang, Mikhayla L. Armstrong, Joseph R. Pongrac, Brian C. Stagg, Kate M. Saylor, Paula-Anne Newman-Casey, Maria A. Woodward Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Foveal photoreceptor disruption in ocular diseases: An optical coherence tomography-based differential diagnosis
Fovea centralis, an area 1.5 mm in diameter located at the center of the macula lutea, contains the highest concentration of cone photoreceptors and is primarily responsible for central visual acuity.41 Histological analysis provided invaluable insights on the development and structural organization of the fovea wherein during gestation and early infancy, peripheral displacement of the inner retinal layers with resultant centrally packed cone cells are seen.30 The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) revolutionized retinal imaging, thereby providing non-invasive, high-resolution cross-sectional images that correlat...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 17, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sumit Randhir Singh, Harshit Vaidya, Enrico Borrelli, Jay Chhablani Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Adult-onset Coats disease
Coats disease is an idiopathic retinal vasculopathy characterized by telangiectasia and aneurysm of retinal vessels along with intra and subretinal exudation and fluid. While Coats disease is classically described in young male population, there is an adult variant of Coats disease presenting in adulthood. Adult onset Coats disease have a similar presentation but a slower progression, localised lipid deposition, both peripheral and juxta-macular involvement. In this review article, we have attempted to describe in detail the characteristic clinical features, pathogenesis, investigation modalities and treatment in adult-ons...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 16, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mousumi Banerjee, Shreya Nayak, Saumya Kumar, Amber Amar Bhayana, Vinod Kumar Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Adult-onset Coats ’ disease
Coats disease is an idiopathic retinal vasculopathy characterized by telangiectasia and aneurysm of retinal vessels along with intra- and subretinal exudation and fluid. It was first described by George Coats in 1908. [21] Theodor von Leber described another disease with similar features, but without the massive exudation of Coats disease and termed it Leber multiple miliary aneurysms; [58] however, later it was concluded by Reese that Leber multiple miliary aneurysm is an early stage of Coats disease. (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 16, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mousumi Banerjee, Shreya Nayak, Saumya Kashyap, Amber Amar Bhayana, Vinod Kumar Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Comparing interventions for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: A network meta-analysis
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous detachment of the neuroretina. Patients often complain of blurry vision, metamorphopsia, and reduced contrast. Bilateral involvement may occur in up to 40% of cases, causing significant functional impairments in working-age patients.[9,19] (Source: Survey of Ophthalmology)
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 15, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Eunice Linh You, M élanie Hébert, Tony Shicheng Jin, Serge Bourgault, Mathieu Caissie, Éric Tourville, John Chen, José Ordóñez-Mena, Ali Dirani Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Wessely corneal ring phenomenon: An unsolved pathophysiological dilemma
The cornea is a densely innervated avascular tissue showing exceptional inflammatory and immune responses. The cornea is a site of lymphangiogenic and angiogenic privilege devoid of blood and lymphatic vessels that limits the entry of inflammatory cells from the adjacent and highly immunoreactive conjunctiva. Immunological and anatomical differences between the central and peripheral cornea are also necessary to sustain passive immune privilege. The lower density of antigen-presenting cells in the central cornea and the 5:1 peripheral-to-central corneal ratio of C1 are two main features conferring passive immune privilege....
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 4, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Raul E. Ruiz-Lozano, Marcelo Salan-Gomez, Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia, Manuel E. Quiroga-Garza, Eugenia M. Ramos-D ávila, Victor L. Perez, Nadim S. Azar, Jesus Merayo-Lloves, Julio C. Hernandez-Camarena, Jorge E. Valdez-García Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Wessely corneal ring phenomenon: An unsolved pathophysiological dilemma.
The cornea is a densely innervated, avascular tissue showing exceptional inflammatory and immune responses. The cornea is a site of lymphangiogenic and angiogenic privilege devoid of blood and lymphatic vessels that limits the entry of inflammatory cells from the adjacent and highly immunoreactive conjunctiva. Immunological and anatomical differences between the central and peripheral cornea are also necessary to sustain passive immune privilege. The lower density of antigen-presenting cells in the central cornea and the 5:1 peripheral-to-central corneal ratio of C1 are 2 main features conferring passive immune privilege. ...
Source: Survey of Ophthalmology - March 4, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Raul E. Ruiz-Lozano, Marcelo Salan-Gomez, Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia, Manuel E. Quiroga-Garza, Eugenia M. Ramos-D ávila, Victor L. Perez, Nadim S. Azar, Jesus Merayo-Lloves, Julio C. Hernandez-Camarena, Jorge E. Valdez-García Tags: Review article Source Type: research
